4 railway. Details page 44.

THIS MONTH’S COVER |

Here’s a multi-function IR remote control that’s easy to build and easy to install. | Build it and press the but- tons to control your TV | set, CD player or model |

Features

10 NEW-GENERATION AIRLINERS Quieter and packed with electronics 16 RADAR: ITS WARTIME ROLE Recollections of an RAF instructor

26 SATELLITE TV IN AUSTRALIA A practical guide

36 TETIA AND TESA Professional organisations for the electronics technician 88 LOCAL AREA NETWORKS What they are & what they do

93 WIN A LAN DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM $10,000 prize from TI

Entertainment Electronics

104 AN INTRODUCTION TO HIFI PT.14 FM radio tuners — 2 124 COMPACT DISC REVIEWS Janos, Handel, Mozart

Projects and Technical

44 MULTI-FUNCTION REMOTE CONTROL Switch up to eight channels 60 REMOTE CONTROLLED CAR ALARM Combines two popular projects 64 CIRCUIT & DESIGN IDEAS Screecher protection for bonnet & boot 68 THE SERVICEMAN When skies are grey, Sony boy 84 LOW-COST STEREO VU METER Build it for the Mini Mixer 96 A VERSATILE OP AMP TESTER PT.2 How it’s used

112 UNDERSTANDING COLOUR TV PT.5 The colour decoder — 1

News and Comment.

4 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR For and against the Australia Card 5 EDITORIAL Australia at the forefront of superconductivity research 6 NEWS HIGHLIGHTS JBM launches new-generation PCs 38 FORUM Technology: has it gone over the top? 126 INFORMATION CENTRE Answers to reader queries

Departments

74 BOOKS REVIEWS

83 EA CROSSWORD PUZZLE

83 50 AND 25 YEARS AGO 118 NEW PRODUCTS

128 MARKETPLACE 130 COMING NEXT MONTH NIL NOTES AND ERRATA

car burglar alarm

| Eight channel IR | remote control

Up to eight relay channels can |

be switched with our new infra- red remote control, and you can add power on/off, muting and volume control. Construc- tion begins on page 44.

| 10,000 prize from

Texas Instruments

Do you need a local area net- work (LAN) development sys- tem. If so, tell us about it. You could win a $10,000 prize from Texas Instruments. See page 93.

Remote controlled

| This month, we show you how

to combine the UHF remote

| switch featured in January with | the ultrasonic alarm described in April.

Together, the two make a very effective radio-con- trolled car burglar alarm. De- tails page 60.

June | | 1987,

MANAGING EDITOR Leo Simpson, B.Bus. (NSWIT)

EDITOR Greg Swain, B.Sc. (Hons. Sydney)

EDITORIAL CONSULTANT Neville Williams, F.I.R.E.E. (Aust.) (VK2XV)

EDITORIAL STAFF John Clarke, B.E. (Elec. NSWIT) Carmel Triulcio

GRAPHIC DESIGNER Brian Jones

ART PRODUCTION Alana Horak

PRODUCTION Mark Moes

SECRETARIAL Naomi Lenthen

ADVERTISING PRODUCTION Brett Baker Vikki Patching (Vic.)

ADVERTISING MANAGER Selwyn Sayers

PUBLISHER Michael Hannan

HEAD OFFICE

The Federal Publishing Company Proprietary Limited, 180 Bourke Road, Alexandria, NSW 2015.

Phone: (02) 693 6666. Fax number: (02) 693 2842. Telex: AA74488.

Postal Address: PO Box 227, Waterloo 2017. NSW Representative: Mark Lewis. INTERSTATE

ADVERTISING OFFICES

Melbourne: 221a Bay Street, Port Melbourne, Vic. 3207.

Phone: (03) 646 3111

Representative: John Oliver, B.A. (Hons. Essex).

Adelaide: John Fairfax & Sons Ltd, 101 Weymouth Street, Adelaide, SA 5000. Phone: (08) 212 1212.

Representative: Michael Mullin

Brisbane: 26 Chermside Street, Newstead, Qld. 4006.

Phone: (07) 854 1119.

Representative: Bernie Summers.

Perth: John Fairfax & Sons. 454 Murray Street, Perth, WA 6000.

Phone: (09) 481 3171.

Representative: Estelle de San Miguel.

New Zealand: 3rd Floor, Communications House, 12 Heather Street, Parnell, Auckland, New Zealand.

Phone: (09) 39 6096. Telex: NZ 63122 SPORTBY.

Representative: John Easton ELECTRONICS AUSTRALIA is published monthly by the Federal Publishing Company Pty Limited.

Typeset and printed by Hannanprint, 140 Bourke Road, Alexandria, NSW for The Federal Publishing Company Pty Ltd. Distributed by the Federal Publishing Company Pty Ltd.

Registered by Australia Post — publication No. NBP 0240. ISSN 0313-0150

Fre

*Recommended and maximum Australian retail price only

ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987

Letters to the editor

Comment on April Editorial

Your editorial in the April copy of Electronics Australia is a most coura- geous stand and one that I would like to endorse. It is high time that the people of Australia took the trouble to look more closely at what is being put into our legislation, and not accept as inevi- table that which goes on in Parliament House.

If I may, I would like to quote a small section of your editorial which I feel is the most ugly aspect of this legis- lation; ie. “There are clauses in the legislation which would easily enable any future totalitarian Government to withdraw your card, which would tanta- mount to removing your citizenship”.

This is a virtual duplicate situation to that which prevailed when the Third Reich came to power and quietly intro- duced legal criteria which ultimately led to the dehumanising of many people of many nationalities. The scenes which appear in the mind’s eye are horrific.

Thank you once again Mr Simpson for your unqualified stand in bringing this frightful evil to the notice of read- ers of Electronics Australia.

K.E. McWilliam,

Hilltop, NSW.

In support of the Australia card

Was the Metric Time article the only April Fool’s joke in your last journal or was there a second in your editorial op- posing the Australia Card in view of the incredible logic therein.

You state that the proposed law will become an invasion of privacy because “many government departments will inevitably have access to this informa- tion”. credit cards and user of credit, I am sure that many of my financial details are held on computer files with access given to a variety of bodies. I much prefer the Australia Card legislation which, by law, will establish a Data Pro- tection Agency to the aforementioned arrangement.

I am a subscriber to several maga-

As a holder of numerous bank :

zines, currently including yours, and I often receive telephone calls and postal offers from persons and organisations who have obtained my name, address, telephone number and interests from these magazines. Do you sell your sub- scription lists or are your subscriber’s private details not divulged to anyone?

As a member and delegate of the Ad- ministrative and Clerical Officer’s As- sociation, I resent your bald assertion that ACOA is “actively against” the card, especially when our Council’s last policy resoluton of November 1985 sup- ported the concept of the card and recognised the need for an adequate and cost-effective means of implementa- tion.

Let’s forget the trivialities to which you refer such as ‘‘card subjects” and concentrate on the real issue. Do we want to support tax evaders, welfare cheats and the like to the detriment of honest taxpayers? The overall fairness of the Card outweighs the negatives you espouse.

We are not a society of individuals on our own desert islands and as such we have an overall responsibility — hence I don’t for instance exercise an individu- al’s right to drive through red _ traffic lights. In countries such as the USA you cannot, for example, bank money, transfer money out of the country, or buy a motor car over a specified price without an identifier such as the Austra- lia Card will become.

The Tax Office has the will to cross match incomes with interest and. divi- dends and when the Australia Card pro- vides a valid identifier they can put plans for computer purchases into real- ity.

Your editorial has made me change my mind but about your magazine, not about the Australia Card. With regret I cancel my subscription but hope that you can either take a more responsible stance or confine your views to the elec- tronic interests of your readers.

I. Smillie,

Sunnybank, Qld.

Comment: Our Editorial makes the point that the Australia Card will not

“solve the serious problems of social se-

curity fraud or tax evasion. We regret

that you have cancelled your subscrip- tion because we have published an opin- ion which is contrary to your own.

Nothing to do with electronics

What has the content of your Edi- torial in the April 1987 issue got to do with electronics?

If I want to read political opinions there is a host of specialised journals etc. that cater for this purpose. I sug- gest to you that you may write to these publicatons as an individual as you are sO motivated to express your opinion.

Please in future make the contents of your Editorial more relevant to elec- tronics and do not use your space for politics.

V. Tantaro,

Avondale Heights, Vic.

Comment: the content of the April 1987 Editorial is relevant to an electronics magazine. The Australia Card is a particular application of computer tech- nology which has far reaching social im- plications for every Australian.

Exide Powerguard is a no-break UPS

I fear the ‘“no-break” Exide Power- guard UPS has been inadvertently sold short by your otherwise excellent fea- ture “What’s new in power supplies” (February 1987).

This comes about by categorising the Exide Powerguard as an “off-line UPS”.

As you correctly stated, ‘The typical switchover time for an off-line UPS is under 10ms which is less than a half- cycle duration of the 50Hz mains”’.

To demonstrate just how unlike an off-line UPS the Exide Powerguard is, consider that its switchover time is less than 1ms. This is one tenth the typical figure for an off-line UPS.

As you know, this is an important dif- ference.

As far as a computer is concerned, lms is undetectable from a continuous supply of power. But anything ap- proaching 10 milliseconds can cause serious data corruption or loss.

The superior response of the Exide Powerguard UPS comes about from the fact that the mains and battery are never really ‘off-line’? — each being connected to its own. separate primary of a tri-port transformer, the battery via an inverter. The secondary of the trans- former passes through a filter to provide

continued on page 129

-4| Editorial f | Wiewpaint

Australia at the forefront of research into supercon- ductivity

Everyone will welcome the recent news that there have been real break- throughs in research into superconductivity. Previously, superconductivity has been thought of as a phenomenon which only occured at extremely cold tem- peratures, close to absolute zero. It is a very important phenomenon whereby electrical resistance in conductors drops to very low values. Discovered in 1911, there had previously been very little progress in research and interest in this area has been very low.

Now, a number of scientists from around the world have announced that superconductivity can be made to occur at quite ‘“‘warm” temperatures, as high as 100 degrees Kelvin (-173 degrees Celsius). This means that no longer is it necessary to use liquid helium as the refrigerant; liquid nitrogen can be used instead.

It is gratifying to know that scientists at the University of NSW, Australian National University and the CSIRO are well to the forefront of the current research although Australia would be in a much better position if we had more physicists who could turn their talents to this area.

The immediate effect of these breakthroughs is to rekindle interest in su- perconductivity and already there are predictions of superconductivity being made to occur at room temperature within 10 years. The really startling aspect of the recent breakthroughs is that they do not involve metals as such, but use exotic new ceramic mixtures which at normal temperatures are insula- tors. Mind-boggling indeed!

If superconductivity does become possible at normal temperatures the ramifications will be extreme. They could be more far-reaching than the development of the transistor which has changed virtually every aspect of life. Just think of the possibilities, in power generation and transmission, including fusion, in transportation, in medicine (nuclear magnetic resonance), in com- puters, in manufacturing and so on. If just some of these possibilities become reality, superconductivity could effect a major reduction in world energy con- sumption.

Really though, no-one can possibly foresee the full ramifications of super- conductivity, just as no-one could have foreseen all the applications of the laser 25 years after its initial development.

Leo Simpson

ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987

Jaycar Electronics opens in Melbourne

Jaycar Electronics has at last opened a branch in Melbourne.

Situated at 45 A’Beckett St, the store is in the heart of the Melbourne retail

electronics area. It is only a few minutes walk from other major suppliers and from RMIT.

The new store carries the full range of Jaycar merchandise and is under the management of Mr Tim Rimington. The telephone number is (03) 663 2030.

Americans catch “kangaroo paw’

A recent report in the US-based Co- lumbia Journalism Review has revealed that large numbers of American jour- nalists are suffering from repetitive strain injury, or RSI. The report ex- plodes the the myth that RSI is simply a case of “kangaroo paw” — an “imagi- nary” injury confined strictly to Austra- lian journalists and office workers.

In the US, the injury is commonly re- ferred to as “‘computeritis” or ‘“com- puter complaint”. According to the re- port, serious and disabling arm and hand disorders have afflicted employees using video display terminals at newspa- pers across the country, including the San Francisco Chronicle and Examiner, Newsday, the New York Daily News,

Business Briefs

the Los Angeles Times, The Philadel- phia Inquirer and the San Diego Trib- une.

As in Australia, American newsrooms rely extensively on VDT equipment. But why does the problem arise with computer keyboards and not with the now outdated manual typewriters? One answer. say occupational health special- ists, is that although some typists do de- velop such injuries, VDT users may be at greater risk because they can make many more hand movements per hour.

Another factor that may contribute to injuries is that reporters are simply using their VDTs more than they used typewriters. Preliminary studies have shown that users are more likely to suf- fer RSI if they work on the computer for long periods of time, concentrating very hard, and rarely taking breaks.

® Rifa Pty Ltd has expanded its operations in Preston, Victoria.

In addition to extra office space, Rifa has included a new trade counter which is intended to supply all the electronic component needs of tradesmen and professional hobbyists.

@ Allen-Bradley Pty Ltd has announced new distributors in South Aus-

tralia and for the first time in the ACT.

The new contact in South Australia is Electronic Components and Equipment Pty Ltd, 30-40 Hurtle Square, Adelaide. Telephone Arthur

Watson on (08) 232 0001.

The distributor in the ACT is Electronic Components Pty Ltd, PO Box 534, Fyswick 2609. Telephone (062) 80 4654.

6 ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987

Philips exports a parrot - but it’s legal

A TV commercial produced for Philips Australia, and starring a parrot, should bring some some extra colour to Morocco.

Rick’s Cafe Americain must be the most famous location in Morocco. Mil- lions of moviegoers and TV viewers can describe the decor of the fictitious Rick’s Cafe but only in the black and white details of the 1942 Bogart-Berg- man classic Casablanca.

Yet Morocco does have colour — since 1977 in fact, when colour televi- sion was introduced to this north-west

NSW Innovation centre

As from the Ist May, 1987 the Inno- vation Centre of NSW will manage a service which will enable creators of new products, processes and materials to quickly reach manufacturers, inves- tors and entrepreneurs.

It is the only such scheme in Austra- lia and is expected to be one of several services that will help to generate a growing private manufacturing sector which is responsive to the needs of local and overseas markets.

A major problem faced by product developers is that they cannot readily present their products to appropriate manufacturers, investors or marketers. At the same time, the Centre is often approached by manufacturing compa- nies looking for new products.

By registering with the AISS (Austra- lian Innovation Sourcing Service), both parties can be brought together. The In- novation Centre also provides other ser- vices to members, such as help with business planning and marketing advice.

The Australian Innovation Centres are supported by Federal and State Governments, as well as industry groups. Enquiries can be directed to the Innovation Centre of NSW, PO Box 1, Kensington, NSW 2033. Telephone (02) 399 6111.

African nation’s population. One third of the 1.1 million homes now own co- lour a TV set and annual sales are about 100,000 sets.

So what’s that got to do with the par- rot? Well, Philips has proved to be the most popular brand of colour television in Morocco and marketing executives intend to keep it that way by pushing the ‘Natural Colour’ theme that is so well known to Australian viewers.

To promote this theme, the 1987 ad- vertising campaign will include a com- mercial that was originally made in Aus- tralia in 1985. This advertisement fea- tures an artist painting onto canvas the details of a live parrot she is studying on a Philips screen.The commercial was judged by Philips executives in Morocco to have been the best TV spot on a reel of Philips commercials made around the world in the last few years.

Of course, there will be a few produc- tion costs. First, the video signal will have to be converted from the PAL sys- tem, as used in Australia, to Morocco’s SECAM system. In addition, the narra- tive will be translated into French, while the sound effect will be repeated — par- rot fashion of course.

Spaceplane contract

British Aerospace Australia and the University of Queensland have won a contract from the Australian Govern- ment to study the feasibility of develop- ing a Re-Entry Air Data System (READS) for space vehicles re-entering the Earth’s atmosphere.

Conventional aircraft calculate their air speed by measuring the pressure in- side tubes (‘‘pitot” tubes) protruding into the airstream. At hypersonic speeds high in the atmosphere, these tubes would be burnt off.

The research is applicable to a num- ber of advanced projects — HOTOL in Britain, Hermes in France and Amer- ica’s National Aerospaceplane. Results could also be used to upgrade systems already in use on NASA’s space shuttle.

Engineers from British Aerospace Australia and the University of Queens- land will be conducting their studies in Europe and the United States. The Hy- personic Shock Tube facility at Queens- land will be used in the early design stages of these projects.

British Aerospace Australia’s other space-related contracts include the de- sign of the Earth Resources Satellite ground system and the Queensland Government space launch site study.

- Jan Graham, UK.

Plessey’s working on the railroad

Communications within the State Rail Authority will be substantially upgraded following the installation of a $5 million Plessey dial-upradio telephone network.

Details of the system, which puts maintenance and emergency personnel in immediate contact with any SRA telephone extension throughout the coverage area, were announced on April 10th during a visit to Plessey’s Meadowbank Sydney plant by the NSW Deputy Prenier and Minister for Trans- port, Mr Ron Mulock.

Designed and manufactured by Ples- sey in Australia, the SRA system in- cludes more than 1000 Plessey MTR8000 Series UHF vehicle and per- sonnel transceivers, nine base station sites, and a network management centre

at the State Rail Authority’s Chullora depot.

All sites are interconnected by micro- wave radio links which were also sup- plied by Plessey.

An area from Helensburgh south of the Sydney metropolitan area to Wyong on the NSW Central Coast is covered by the new dial-up network, with the system design also catering for future extension to Wollongong and Newcas- tle.

Plessey has substantially upgraded its Meadowbank facility in recent years. The company is now successfully in- volved in a number of new technology fields ranging from B-MAC satellite TV systems to the Raven field radio system for the Army. The latter is said to be the most advanced battlefield radio sys- tem in the world and has definite export potential.

ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987 7

News Highlights

Robots on patrol

Sam Technology of Marayong, Aus- tralia is now distributing an impressive new surveillance robot which can do many of the things that a human guard can do.

Called the Sentry, the new robot resembles R2D2 from Star Wars. It weighs 220kg, stands 120cm tall, and is ideal for firms that do not like the idea of anyone — not even security people — roaming free to peruse confidential material.

Once led through its route, the Sentry robot creates in its memory banks a map which it uses to continue its patrol at up to 6km/h for 12 hours at a stretch before its on-board power supply run low. The robot then seeks out its own “sentry box” for recharging.

The new robot comes with an impres- sive array of electronic sensors, includ- ing 24 ultrasonic sensors around its cir- cumference which detect objects in its path. Also featured are infrared sensors which are able to detect fire or body heat.

In addition, the robot has a miniature video camera through which it can send back to a central security room a pic- ture of what is happening as it on pa- trol. If the Sentry detects trouble, it sends a silent alarm to either the central security station or to the proper authori- ties.

Government abandons ABC/SBS merger plan

The proposed merger of the SBS (Special Broadcasting Service) with the ABC has been abandoned by the Fed- eral Government.

The announcement was made by the Prime Minister, Mr Hawke during a re- cent address in Melbourne.

The controversial merger was first an- nounced in the 1986 Budget but the legislation was blocked by the Senate last December. This rejection meant that SBS were prevented from receiving any benefits by the Government.

Mr Hawke’s decision not to proceed has pre-empted any recommendation to the Senate Select Committee which has been hearing submissions on the pros and cons of the merger.

8 ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987

With optional attachments, the Sentry is expected to find applications for han- dling hazardous waste and explosive. At present the US Army is investigating military implications.

And the price of all this electronic wizardry? — around $160,000. (Sam Technology, 36 Binney Rd, Marayong, NSW 2148).

New electronics course at Footscray TAFE

A new syllabus to train technical offi- cers and engineers’ assistants in Com- puter Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) has been developed at Footscray Col- lege of TAFE. The course will lead to a new qualification: the Certificate of Technology (Electronics — CIM).

Following accreditation by the Victo- rian TAFE Board, the syllabus is likely to be introduced Victoria-wide and pos- sibly nationally. It will lead to a new qualification — the Certificate of Tech- nology (Electronics — CIM).

One of the developers of the course, Footscray College’s Bill Green, says that while the use of high technology in Australia has advanced rapidly, training for technicians and technial officers in the electronics industry has lagged be- hind.

Mr Green, who developed the sylla- bus with fellow Footscray College staff member Bert Leckie, and Keith Robin- son of RMIT, says that they initiated the project about three years ago. Also involved at every stage was an industry panel which included Don Bryant of the Government Aircraft Factory; Paul Dunn, Division of Manufacturing Tech- nology, CSIRO; Dan Lambert, L.M. Erricsson Pty Ltd; Don Sheridon, Tele- com Research Laboratories; and Ray Smith, RCS Design Pty Ltd.

For further information contact Bill Green, Footscray College of TAFE, Cnr Nicholson & Buckley Sts, Foot- scray, Vic. 3011. Phone 688 3400.

Superconducting chips a possibility says IBM

Researchers at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Centre (Yorktown Heights, NY, USA) have announced a major breakthrough in the development of the first thin-film superconducting de- vices that operate at temperatures high enough to be of practical use.

IBM’s ability to make such devices opens the door to producing instru- ments and chips that are the supercon- ducting counterparts to those used in computers and other electronic prod- ucts. A superconductor is a material that loses all resistance to electricty below a specific “transition” tempera- ture.

The new IBM devices, called SQUIDS (Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices), are the most

sensitive magnetic detectors known to science. Composed of two thin-film Jo- sephson devices each, the SQUIDS are only one one-hundredth the thickness of a human hair and are superconducting at up to 68 degrees Kelvin (K) (minus 337 degrees Fahrenheit).

These new SQUIDS become com- pletely superconducting in the range where liquid nitrogen can be used as the coolant. Liquid nitrogen boils at 77 de- grees K and can be effectively employed at 68 degrees K by reducing its pres- sure.

Liquid nitrogen is much less expen- sive and more convenient than the liquid helium used in current supercon- ductivity applications.

Only

from...

n tne thirt

__ If you’re a regular Dick Smith Electronics customer, you can get your copy FREE:

you could save up to $42 at current prices (per annum)!

That's right: the current issue, as soon as it's released — not last month’s or a left- over copy. Exactly the same as the one you’d buy at the news-stand.

Simple! We want to say “thank you” for supporting Dick Smith Electronics. And for supporting Australia.

When you buy your kits, your components, your tools ... when you buy anything from Dick Smith Electronics, you’re helping the Australian Electronics Industry. You're directly helping to keep over 600 Australians employed. And through our suppliers, and their suppliers, that adds up to thousands!

What's a regular Dick Smith Electronics customer? Your local DSE store manager will know. You'll probably be known by name. Or at least by sight. And they'll know that those dollars you spend to enjoy your hobby are mostly spent at a DSE store.

Obviously, we've given our store managers guidelines. But to be classed as a regular customer is easy — if you're a regular customer!

omers: You don’

Any DSXpress customer who regularly orders $70 or more per month will automatically be entitled to the free magazine. We'll simply include it with the order that meets this figure (our computer will tell us when!)

This exclusive offer is available only from Dick Smith Electronics, and commences with this (June 1987) issue.

ler expire

PTY LTD

Quieter, fuel efficie

Airbus Industrie’s A300 fly-by-wire demonstrator goes through its impressive flying display at the 1986 Farnborough Air Show. (Photo: British Aerospace).

isin 308

eS Gog 8S Bed

HEB OB

‘ is OE RT ‘

nem 2 ferbiae® . e

Computer text and graphics present information about the strumentation.

“BRAKE aircraft to the crew in a clearer and more flexible way than conventional in-

ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987

and packed with electronics

we New-generation ® ] © It is not an exaggeration to say that electronics is revolutionising aviation. Of course, most of the leading edge research is

devoted to military aircraft but civil aircraft, too, are experiencing rapid advancements.

by IAN GRAHAM

As you board your aircraft in ten years time, will it be a sleek supersonic dart? Probably: not. It’s more likely to be a subsonic aircraft with propellers (yes, propellers!) and a remarkable new control system.

Within ten years, aircraft will begin to lose the familiar control column that has been a feature of the flight deck since the first planes took to the air at the beginning of the century. The control column, or ‘‘joystick”, is designed and built the way it is because the pilot needs the extra leverage of the column height to help him physically pull the plane’s control surfaces (rudder, tail- plane, etc) into position.

The column is linked to the control surfaces by a network of cables, pulleys and other mechanical and_ hydraulic linkages. But that arrangement will cer- tainly change dramatically as a result of implementing a system called “fly-by- wire” that has already been used by military plane-makers for the past dec- ade.

To survive in the air, modern fighters ‘have to be very nimble indeed. Very stable aircraft — aircraft that will return to straight, level flight if the pilot takes his hands off the controls — tend to very sluggish to manoeuvre, because they’re always trying to return to their stable attitude. Aircraft designed for

aerobatic displays achieve increased ma- noeuvrability by having a degree of in- built instability. The less stable they are, the more quickly and easily they respond to the controls, because they’re not continually trying to return to stable flight.

Fighter aircraft use this reduction of stability for increased agility. But there comes a point where the plane can be made so unstable that a human pilot cannot possibly fly it. But a computer can.

Computer control

A computer can monitor the plane’s attitude perhaps 50 times a second and apply tiny adjustments to maintain good trim. The computer sits between the pilot and his plane. The pilot moves the controls, but all he is doing is signalling the computer what he wants the plane to do. It is the computer that decides how best to do what the pilot wants.

This engine, developed in America by General Electric and NASA, is the forerunner of the new generation of ‘propfan’ or ‘unducted fan’ aircraft engines. (Photo: General Elec- tric).

ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987 11

Aerospace).

Planes like British Aerospace’s EAP (Experimental Aircraft Program) and the French Dassault-Breguet Rafale, forerunners of the next generation of European fighters, could not fly without this “fly-by-wire” technology.

Compared to modern fighter aircraft, civil airliners are aerodynamically very stable indeed. Some designers plan to incorporate fly-by-wire into the next generation of civil airliners for a differ- ent reason. At the last Farnborough Air Show in September last year, Airbus In- dustrie demonstrated an A300 Airbus with a difference.

In a very impressive demonstration of the capabilities of fly-by-wire, the pilot flew the A300 along the runway very low, very slow and with its nose pitched up. It was dangerously close to the point where it would stall and fall out of the sky.

An aircraft of that size would nor- mally need several hundred feet of space underneath it to recover from a stall. If this aircraft had stalled, it would certainly have had a close (and expen- sive) encounter with the runway. But whether the pilot had inadvertently al- lowed his plane to reach the beginning

12 ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987

In this mock-up of a future cockpit, computer generated images on cathode ray tubes replace conventional needle

of a stall or deliberately decided to fly it into the ground, the plane would not have done so!

This plane was equipped with fly-by- wire. Its computer could sense condi- tions like an imminent stall, ground proximity or wind shear (potentially le- thal wind conditons near the ground that can cut the lift from an aircraft as it comes in to land). If the computer sys- tem detected a dangerous situation, it could take over control of the aircraft and fly it to safety.

As if to drive this point home, the pilot flew the plane slowly along the runway and then pulled the stick back. Any normal aircraft would have stalled, but the computer system automatically brought up the engine power and modi- fied the nose-up attitude so that the plane could climb away from the ground safely.

Fly-by-wire promises to make a posi- tive contribution to air safety. Of course, it’s advantages are all lost if the system fails or if all channels of the sys- tem suffer from an identical fault. The designers have naturally given all the systems back-ups. For example, there are at least four power generation sys-

gauges. (Phote: British

tems, driven from a number of different power plants. If one fails, another trips in automatically.

Primary systems and their back-ups are not only run by different computer programs, but the hardware in the pri- mary systems and their back-ups is also different. Different companies supply different computers, using different mi- croprocessors to guarantee that the same fault cannot possibly exist in more than one channel of the system. Cables are run along different routes, so that minor physical damage to the aircraft should not knock out any more than one channel.

But what if all the electronics do fail? Just as computers occasionally issue gas bills for millions of pounds or signal the Pentagon that World War Three is im- minent, aircraft systems aren’t perfect and never will be. If the Airbus loses all electrical power from its control system, an emergency mechanical system can be engaged, giving the crew just enough control to fly the plane.

As the crew is normally only sending electrical signals to a computer system, the control column can be dispensed with altogether and be replaced by a

tiny hand controller reeassembling a computer games joystick.

Of course, the move away from “‘nee- dle and dial” instruments to multi-pur- pose cathode ray tubes (television screens) linked to computerised flight management systems has already begun and the Airbus was also “instrumental” in implementing this leap in technology. The trend now, with the computerisa- tion of more and more systems on the aircraft, is to gradually integrate these individual systems into one super-sys- tem.

Back to propellers

As aircraft become increasingly com- puterised “space-age” machines, why should propellers be making a come- back? They’re old hat, aren’t they? They disappeared from large passenger aircraft in the 1960s when suitable jet engines were developed. Twenty years ago, fuel was a fraction of today’s prices and so it made sense to move away

from noisy propellers to quieter (inside the passenger cabin) and faster jet power. .

Now, though, fuel economy is a criti- cal factor in airline economics and de- signers are looking again at the more fuel-efficient propeller. The high speed designs have curious curling swept-back blades. The first experimental “prop- fan” engines (also called UnDucted Fans or UDF) have been run up to speed on test beds and in flying trials and appear to be capable of the same order of power outputs as current jet engines.

New materials and improved control of the propeller blades by a technique called synchrophasing all help to reduce this propeller’s noise problem. Inside the cabin, wall panels may be vibrated like flat loudspeakers out of phase with the engine vibrations in order to “can- cel” them out and dramatically reduce the noise and vibration levels experi- enced by passengers. This technique is

also known as active anti-sound.

Boeing has already enlisted the sup- port of several Japanese aerospace com- panies to build a new aircraft, code- named the 7J7, which will be powered by prop-fans. The 7J7 is expected to fly in 1991 and to enter service in the world’s airways in 1992. McDonnel- Douglas has also unveilled plans to build a prop-fan-powered aircraft, code- named the MD-91X. All the major en- gine and aircraft manufacturers are in- volved in the development of prop-fan engines and the aircraft that will carry them, so propellers are certain to reap- pear in the 1990s.

So, the plane that whisks you off for your holidays in the 1990s will probably have exotic curling, swept-back propel- lers. It will also have a “Buck Rogers” flight deck bristling with computer screens and hand controllers, be eerily quiet inside the cabin, and will actually be flown by a computer system “‘man- aged” and supervised by the aircrew. @

British Aerospace’s Experimental Aircraft Program (EAP) technology demonstrator — a flying test bed for the military aircraft of the fu-

ture. (Photo: British Aerospace).

ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987 13

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Radar; its f§ wartime | role;:: — |

Radar played a GR@CiaTOle i the Outcome OF : the Second Worlc¥giepeere: die_cCior reflects on some ON##@ Gevelooments tat

took place during hiStgee¥ears as aecnmca:

instructor with the Royal AgaGree:

by DOUG THWALBES

During the last war many new ideas emerged and were rapidly developed. Of these, radar was one of the most sig- nificant.

Early in 1940, I entered the RAF and joined a group of technicians who were called ‘‘Radio Mechanics” but who would never touch a radio. It was radar we were going to service but it was called “RDF” (Radio Direction Find- ing) in those days.

After a quick course in VHF tech- niques, we got an introduction to the first airborne equipment. We were then split up and sent to different areas. I was sent to the east coast of Scotland. The flying activities in this area involved patrolling the sea and coast of occupied Denmark and Norway.

The RDF sets used for this purpose were called “ASV” (Aircraft to Surface Vessel) and the first ones were a mix- ture. The receiver was, in fact, part of a commercial TV, but the transmitter was made for the job.

Two transmitting valves with quarter wave stubs as the anode circuit, and working as a blocking oscillator, sent out pulses of radiation at VHF. The re- Centimetric AI (Aircraft Interception): this dish with dipole antenna produced a torch- flected signal, after passing through the _ like beam and scanned in a spiral from dead ahead outward to the circumference and receiver, was displayed on the vertical then in a decreasing spiral back to the centre again.

16 ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987

trace of a small CRT. This trace was started by the transmitter pulse, so the distancé up the trace was related to the distance of the object from the aircraft. The target direction was determined by two stub antennas, mounted one either side of the aircraft’s nose, which were switched in synchronism with the re- ceiver output. The output from the left antenna deflected the trace to the left, and vice versa.

At the same time, it was important that ground stations could identify friend from foe and so IFF was born. When IFF received an RDF pulse, it transmitted a series of pulses that .pro- duced a recognisable effect at the ground station.

The trouble with these devices was that they were fitted with an explosive charge detonated by a gravity switch on the nose of the aircraft. The idea of this was that it would go off when the air- craft crashed, but it could also be . tripped accidentally if someone knocked the switch with a ladder when working on the motors.

One of our jobs was to connect the plug to the detonator, prior to take off. Just think of the shock if, in the middle of the night, you put the plug in and it blew up. And they did, but luckily not on me.

We also had a Beacon to guide air- craft home. It was an IFF but coded to identify our aerodrome. ASV had its drawbacks of course, one being that it was a forward seeking device. this meant that ships or submarines on the surface could be missed if they were some way to either side of the aircraft’s track.

To overcome this problem, phased ar- rays were fitted to some aircraft behind the wings. This gave a narrow beam to either side of the aircraft.

Night fighters

Night fighters used an RDF system but it was called AI (Aircraft Intercep- tion). The ground RDF stations could determine the number of enemy aircraft approaching the coast, and their height, distance and bearing. By this means, ground controllers were able to direct the fighters to the “Bandits”, with IFF sorting out who was who.

By 1941, I had joined Technical Training Command and was training aircrew in the use of ASV as a method of navigating as well as detecting sur- face vessels. This entailed in-flight train- ing in a blacked out cabin, flying six hours a day six days a week at Prest- wick, on the west coast of Scotland.

As the ‘situation in Europe had de-

A Lincoln bomber showing the blister shielding the H2S scanner directly under the gun turret.

H2S scanner with blister removed, showing the dish that is fed by a slotted waveguide an-

tenna array.

teriorated, half of the school staff were sent to Canada to start a similar school there, “just in case”. By now we had better equipment as the country had geared up for war, and radar was in full production.

As technicians were required in large numbers to service this new equipment, hundreds of personnel had been training for the past year in different schools as electronic technicians. I was moved to London where a radar school had been set up in the Royal School of Arts building in South Kensington, ready to give them their training in the new radar that would soon be fitted to thou- sands of bombers for the mass raids on Germany. I went to Malvern University to find out what this new radar would do.

The Magnetron

With the development of the Magne- tron the whole radar scene had changed, as by using centimetric wave- lengths very narrow beams could be

achieved without hugh cumbersome ar- rays.

Just like a torch, a dish antenna could focus the energy into a narrow beam. The new radar was called “H2S”, and worked on a wavelength of 10 centime- tres. It used a beam that rotated and covered a large circle, the middle of which lay directly under the aircraft. The beam had to be wide in the vertical direction and very narrow in the hori- zontal to get good definition of objects.

This was achieved by using a portion of a dish which was narrow in height to give a narrow beam, and feeding the wide section with a slotted waveguide antenna.

However, to have this dish scanner stuck in the slipstream would affect the aircraft’s flying performance so it was fitted inside a streamlined blister on the underside of the fuselage.

The display method was new, using two CRTs mounted one above the other. The upper one had an electro- magnetic winding (yoke) which rotated

ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987 17

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The other CRTs are for navigation systems.

around the neck and produced a trace that started in the middle of the tube face and travelled to the circumference. This rotation was synchronised with the antenna rotation and, each time the an- tenna faced ahead, the trace was illumi- nated.

This produced a radar map of the area over which the plane was flying, and the bright trace was the aircraft’s course. Bright-up pulses were fed to the tube at set intervals to. give the range rings. We now had a method of flying over sea or land at night and navigating with this aid, but more was needed to bomb with accuracy.

To hit a target with a bomb, the dis- tance from the target to the point on the ground directly under the aircraft had to be determined. This was done using the radar to measure the height (one side) and the distance from the plane to the target (hypotenuse). It was then a simple matter of using Pythago- ras’s Theorem to determine the distance to the target from the point on the ground directly beneath the aircraft.

How it was done was almost equally as simple. Under the PPI (plan position indicator) display was a small tube with a normal vertical trace, on which the first visible echo was that of the land underneath.

The distance of this echo up the trace was of course the height. A pulse with a variable delay was used to measure this. Another variable delay produced a range ring that could be set on the se- lected target on the PPI. The two con- trols were in a small box with interact- ing controls and a scale from which the

sities.

HS equipment in a Lincoln bomber. The transmitter is to the right of the display unit. |

,gound range could be read.

This new equipment was called H2S from the Theorem. So H2 is the height squared (one side) and S is the slant range from aircraft to target (hypote- nuse). To make this system even more effective, an aerial photo of the target area was obtained, and from this a three dimensional reproduction of the target was constructed on a sheet of glass.

This was submerged in a tank of water and scanned by a beam of ultra- sound from a rotating transducer just beneath the surface. The transducer it- self was driven by a motor synchronised with a PPI yoke. By this means, it was possible to produce a simulated radar picture.

This was photographed and copies used to make it easier for the radar operator to identify the target. The H2S equipment was fitted to Mosquito “pathfinder” aircraft which would locate the target and identify it by the use of pyrotechnical bombs. These created large coloured flares that could be seen by the bomber streams approching the area.

Maritime radar

H2S ASV was also used in the war against the submarine. An unexpected benefit was the ability to detect wind di- ‘rection at sea level. It was soon discov- ered that the sea return at the centre of the PPI was elongated in the direction of the wind source. This was because the pulses were relected more strongly from the back of a wave than from the sloping front.

As pulse technology developed, use was made of strobe pulses to lock on to echos and stay with them. A stobe pulse was placed on an echo, and then only that signal was allowed through a gating circuit. Two strobe pulses were then used to gate both the leading half of the signal and the trailing half.

The two signals were compared and, as the range decreased, the leading half would become longer. This, in turn, would cause the delay producing the strobe pulses to change until the signals were once again equal. Thus, a target’s range from the aircraft was now pro- duced as an electronic value.

This information was used to develop an ASV that would release depth charges at exactly the right time with deadly accuracy. Now all a pilot had to do was lock the strobe onto a selected echo on his PPI and then fly with that echo on his illuminated course trace. The equipment even opened the bomb doors for him.

As submarines in those days had to surface every night to recharge their batteries, they were sitting ducks for this euqipment. However, initial enthu- siasm was lowered after the rumoured sinking of some Spanish fishing boats one night. But constant research was taking place and radar equipment work- ing at 3cm and then 1.25cm was pro- duced. These gave more detailed pic- tures but had much higher losses in cloud or rain.

As D-Day approached it was essential that all enemy coastal radars be put out of action. The ‘“‘boffins” loved fancy names and “Wire Basket” was no ex- ception. This device scanned the radar bands and marked any received signals on a roll of paper.

The position of the marks would give the frequency and a scale on the paper edge gave the time. If fitted to an air- craft that then flew a predetermined course at a set speed, information would be recorded on all radar sites in the area covered.

A team of trained airwomen ex- tracted from these rolls of paper the exact position of every radar site along the French coast, and mass bomber raids made sure that they were not working when the Allied invasion fleet crossed the channel.

Since the end of that war, military radar has become so sophisticated that the wartime radar now seems primitive. But, primitive or not, it played a crucial role in many theatres of conflict and set the stage for rapid post-war develop- ment.. @

ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987 19

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KBPC 1002 4.20 “ 4033 2.75 75461 1.50 5.50 9237 19.50 MC1458_—_1.20 702) BFi80 1.20 2N3569 «= 30S KBPC1004 4.90 80287-7 8MHz) $699 4034 3.50 75462 1.50 d 5.50 8238 9.50 MC1466L 21.50 MAN74 (DL 704) BF182 90 2N3638 30° 35AMP a 4035 1.95 75471 3.00 ‘ 5.50 9243 8.50 MC1469R 6.90 BF183 60 2N3640 30 KBPC3502 5.90 77MH 279 4038 = «3.25 75472 3.00 ‘ 5.50 6251 6.90 MC1488 1:20 gpwso ssc «BF184. «= 60, -2N3641. «(30 KBPC35014MD 8087-3 (4.77 Z) 4040 1.20 75491 2.00 60 2.20 8253 7.50 MC1489 1.20 cays9a 1.95 BF198 60 2N3642 30. A3504_—s«6.90 4041 1.50 75492 2.00 ; 5.50 9255 550 MC1494 840 Hpsoge-- 214 BF199 60 2N3643. 30 © KBPC3510 MDA oe 1 00 75493 3.00 é i iad 8257 16.50 MC1495 9.90 4.95 BF200 120 aNsess 30 3510 9.90 : : : 8259 6.50 MC1496 2. f : 4044 1:20 7a i 5.50 8272 33.00 LM1596 3.00 FIEMP66203.95 Beas 1'5y | ON3646 «30 von race S$PO256A-AL2 ie 38 Hee igs 22 HR MAES (BE dm ceo a Bret 18 RE TR aon sp 74C02 A a 5.9) 8274 42.50 LM1812 10.50 ‘ hf 4047 1.20 74C04 =~ *1.20 f 3.95 8275 38.50 Lwigz0 "3.90 gmm YELL 30 BF459 © «1.00 -2N3739. «4.50 7805KC 2.50 SPEECH CHIP 4048 1.20 74C08 1.00 e 2.75 8276 28.50 M2907 3.90 5mm RED .15 BF469 1.20 2N3771 5.50 7812UC 1.20 Ss h synthesiser chip, needs 4049 1.00 74C10 1.00 fi 2.75 8279 8.50 [M2917 8 PIN 3mm YELL 30 BF470 1.20 2N3772 5.70 7812KC 2.50 peech sy! iP; 4050 1.00 74014 1.75 4 5.95 8282 6.90 4.90 mm GRN 30 8F494 90 2N3773. 5.90 7815UC 1.20 programming to work. 4051 150 74C20 ~—-1.00 4 5.95 283 6.50 LM291714PIN Smm ORA 30 BFW10 1.50 2N3792 6.00 7815KC 2.50 1-9 10+ 100+ #313 HER 88 rr re a 4 E 7403211 { 2.75 8286 6.50 MN3001 17.50 : i i $ $ 4084 390 74C42 2.25 k 275 9287 650 CA3028 200 GEN RECT 30 BFYSO 120 -2N3904. «1.00 7824UC_ 1.20 $1 5.00 $14.50 $14.00 4055 3.90 74048 2.95 : 2.75 8289 73.00 CA3046 1.99 RED CHROME BFY90 1.90 2N3906 1.00 7824KC 2.50 4056 4.20 74073 1.75 : 2.75 82823 5.95 CA3056 650 BEZEL 1.20 BUI26 2.95 2N4030 1.50 7905UC 1.90 i 58 Me 38 a a a . 74C76 . 4 1.75 9303 5.50 CA3080 1.90 x . é 4066 250 74C83 5.95 ‘ 2.75 8304 6.95 CA3086 190 CHME BEZE' BUX80 4.90 2N4036 2.50 7912KC 250 Cc | $256-AL2 4067 9.90 74C85 5.95 ‘ 2.55 8311 5.95 CA3100E 7.95 GRAN cHRME MFE131 2.90 2N4121 1.50 7915UC 1.90 4068 1.00 74086 1.50 . 2.55 8641 5.95 CA3130E 2.90 BezeL 1.20 MFE3001 9.90 2N4123 1.50 7915KC 2.50 PEEC H CHI P 4069 1.00 74C89 9.90 a 3.95 8741 57.50 CA3130T 3.50 ? MFE3003 6.95 2N4236 1.90 7918UC 1.90 4070 90 74090 = 2.90 4 3.95 8748 = 65.00 CAS140E 2.20 SPECIAL MJ413-5.90 = -2N4237 «1.90 7924UC_— 1.90 Contains the code recognition 4071 40 74C93 «2.90 4 3.95 8749 58.50 CA3140T 2.95 MJ802 7.50 = 2N4248 = 4078105 :80 we 8 HSM, 38: | use ESS CAUCE NS RENEE, 82, 53 LEB eroultto enable the projecttoplug ‘| 740107 2. el 3.95 8820 6.95 CA3401 1.00 NES! . “ 4 4075 ‘90 746150 7:50 ; 3.95 9830 «6.95 GA3900 1.20 NESS34AN4.95 MJ11011 9.90 2N4258 80 78L18. ~— ‘80 directly on to ded Alas Port, or 4076 150 74C151 5.95 5 8832 6.95 CA3905 1.75 MC3340 2.90 MJ11015 14.50 2N4355 50 7824 80 into an 4077 80 74C154 7.95 j 74S SERIES 8833 6.95 CA3909 2.95 MC3341 2.90 MJ11016 14.50 2N4356 50 79L05 1.20 1-9 10+ 100+ se 8 Mei Se . ee ae a ‘ 74C160 2.95 ‘ 1.00 5.95 LM3914 590 71 95 5. ‘ f $ $ $ 4082 80 740161 2.95 . 1.00 ane 2.95 LM3915 5.90 76489 9.95 MJ15024 10.00 2N4402 30 © 79L24 1.20 27.00 26.50 26.00 4085 220° 740162 2.75 60 1.00 gT14 2.95 LM3916 5.90 8038 6.50 MJ2501 8.90 2N4403 .30 LM309K 4086 2.30 740163 2.95 é 1.50 8T26 3.00 LM3999Z 2.60 OM335 22.50 MJ2955 2.50 2N4416 1.90 (7805KC) 1.90 4093 75 740164 = 3.50 1.00 gT28 3.00 RL4136 1.95 OM350 12.50 MJ3001 8.00 2N4427 3.90 LM317T 2.50 4094 3.35 74C165 3.50 i 1.50 8T30 3.00 C4145 20.90 XR2206 8.95 MJ4032 1250 2N4919 2.90 LM317K 4.50 4i 25 6- 1 5 4095 2.40 74C173 2.50 00 1.00 gT96 1.80 C4194 3.90 XR2207 7.95 MJ4502 6.90 2N5088 1.00 LM317HV 9.50 4096 2.40 740174 = 2.50 Q 1.00 8T97 1.80 XR2208 6.90 MJE340 1.50 2N5089 1.00 LM323K 7.50 1-9 10+ 100+ 4097 6.50 74C175 2.50 ; 1.60 cop XR2209 6.90 MJE3SO 1.90 2N5139 1.20 LM337T 2.90 4098 290 74C192 2.00 ; 1.20 CDP1802 16.50 XR2211 7.95 MJE371 2.90 2N5179 1.20 LM338K 10.50 $5. 95 $5. 50 $4. 95 4099 3.90 74C192 2.00 z 1.50 LHOOO2 9.50 CDP1864 17.50 XR2216 5.90 MJE521 2.50 2N5190 2.50 LM350T 6.50 4194 1.95 74C193 2.00 K 1.00 LHO042CH 9.50 XR2240 6.95 MJE700 3.50 2N5191 3.30 LM350K _ 8.50 4510 1.50 740195 2.00 ‘ 1.00 LH0070. 9.50 cpu XR2243 7.95 MJE800 290 2N5192 3.10 LM395K 22.50 4511 1.20 740200 14.00 dj 1.70 LHOO71 = 9.50 6502 15.00 XR8038 7.50 MJE2801 3.95 2N5193 2.50 LM396K 19.50 4512 1,10 740221 2.75 “ 1.70 TLOG1 1.50 6502A 15.00 95H90 8.50 MJE2955 4.90 2N5194 2.95 78POSKC 16.50 4 1 64 4513 265 74C240 3.75 : 1.20 TLO62 2.90 6522 15,00 11C90 16.50 MJE3055 3.90 2NS5195 3.30 79HGKC 16.50 4514 2.90 740244 3.95 . 0.80 TLOG4 4.90 6522A 15.00 LM7555 2.90 MJE13005 5.90 2N5210 1.50 78S40 3.50 1-9 10+ 100+ 4515 2.90 74C373 4.75 ‘ 1.20 TLO71 1.20 6532 14.00 LM7556 3.50 MJE13007 7.90 2N5245 1.50 MC1496L 14.50 4516 1.45 740374 4.45, ‘ 1.20 TLo72 290 6551 12.90 MC10116L 1.50 MJE1300912.50 2N5303 8.50 $2 25 $1 95 $1 75 4517 8.75 74C901 3.00 ; 1.30 TLO73 «=—-3.20 6800 6.00 LM13600 3.95 MPF121 2.50 2N5401 150 scree . . . 4518 2.50 74C902 2.50 ‘ 160° TLO74 = 4.90 6802 7.00 LF13741 80 =MPF131 2.50 2N5S457 1.00 ‘razacs 4519 1.90 740903 2.50 80 2.50 TLOB1 1.90 6808 1250 LF13741H 1.50 MPSA0S 1.00 2N5458 90 sci4iD 1.90 4520 1.20 740904 2.50 : 1.30 TLOB2 2.50 6809 10.00 DM2502 22.50 MPSA06 1.00 2N5459 90 ScCi4iE 1:95 4521 3.90 74C905 15.00 : 130 TLOB3 = 2.90 «6810 3.50. SAK140 9.50 MPSA10 1.00 2N5461 90 ScCi42E 2.95 27 1 2 8 4522 1.90, 74C906 2.90 i 1.20 TLog4 = 3.45 6821 5.50 ZN414 1.95 MPSA12 1.00 2N5462 90 Sc146D 2.85 4526 1.85 74C907 2.90 i 1.40 TL494 = 4.90 «6840 6.50 ICL7106 19.50 MPSA13 1.00 2N5485 90 Scis0D 4.95 1-9 10+ 100+ 4527 2.65 740908 2.75 ‘ 1.30 TCA220 9.50 6845 12.50 ICL7116 19.50 MPSA14 1.00 2N5486 90 §C151D 2.95 4528 1.15 74C910 14.00 i 3.30 TCA280 4.50 6847 3.50 ICL7117 21.50 MPSA20 1.00 2N5489 1450 Sc152D 6.90 7.50 7 00 6 50 4558 2.25 74C911 12.50 4 3.30 TDA1024 2.80 6850 7.90 ICL7611 6.95 MPSA42 1.00 2N5590 2650 G1o3vY 90 . . . 4584 85 74C912 12.50 i 190 TA7205P 3.90 6875 15.00 —‘ICL7660 5.90 MPSA43 1.20 2N5591 29.50 Cio3B ‘90 4585 210 "74C914 4.50 74LS139 80745151 3.10 TEA1002 17.50 ZB80CPU 5.00 ICM7211 1250 MPSA55 1.00 2N5641 19.50 Ci06B ‘90 7AC915 4.00 74LS145 2.10 748153 2.00 UAAI70 5.95 ZBOACPU 5.00 ICM7216A69.50 MPSAS6 1.00 2N5656 250 C1220 2:50 74 SERIES 74C917 15.50 74LS147 2.50 748157 3.10 UAA180 3.75 ZBOBCPU 12.00 ICM7216B69.50 MPSA63 1.00 2N5770 30 C122E 2.95 7 80 74C918 2.90 741S148 1.90 745158 3.10 LM10CH 7.50 Z80P10 4.50 ICM7226A 48.50 MPSA65 1.00 2N5777——s:*11.50 C260D 8.50 7 BS 7401 80 74C920 12.50 74LS151_ 1.20 748160 5.90 LM301 1.00 Z80AP10 4.50 \CM7227A 19.95 MPSA92_ 1.00 2N5830 30 C260E 9.90 1-9 10+ 4100+ 7402 80 740921 12.50 74LS152 1.95 745161 5.90 LM301H 1.50 ZB0CTC 5.50 MPSA93 1.20 2N5831 += .30. 2N2646 «1.95 7403 80 740922 7.50 74LS153 1.00 748162 7.90 LM302H 6.50 Z80ACTC 550 ANALOGS MPFi02 (90 2N5873. «1.40 ««-2N2647 2.50 19 50 18 50 17 50 7404 ‘80 74C923° 7.90 74LS154 2.95 748163 7.90 LM305H 1.50 Z80DMA 16.00 DIGITAL MPF103 90 2N5874. «1.70 © 2N6027. «90 5 7 i 7405 ‘80 74C925 14.95 74LS155 1.00 74S168 11.50 LM307CN 1.00 Z80ADMA 16.00 ADCO800LCN MPF105 90 =. 2N5944 (29.95 7406 80 740926 14.95 74/5156 1.50 745169 11.50 M308. 1.00 ZB0AS10 13.00 22.50 MPFI06 90 2N5945 39.95 crysrars 7407 80 740927 9.90 74LS157 1.10 745174 4.50 LM308H 1.80 280S10 13.00 ADCOBOILCN MPFi09 (90 2N5946 44.95 {mHz 9.50 7408 60 74C928 9.00 74LS158 1.00 74S175 4.50 LM309K 2:90 AD570 69.50 23.95 MPSLO1 1.50 2N5961 1.90 14.932MHz 6.50 7409 60 74C929 9.50 74LS160 1.00 748181 8.50 LM310N 3.20 ADS90 9:50 ADCOSOSLCN” = MPSLS1 1:50 2N6O27 1.00 MHz 5.90 CA3130E 7410 60 74C930 2.75 74LS161 80745182 3.40 = LM310H 3.20 AD7524_17.50 MPSU02 1.75 2N6049 1.90 2.3040MHz 6.50 1 100 741 70 740932 2.50 74LS162 1.50 74S199AN 4.10 9 LM3it 1.00 AY-3-8910 14.50 AapcosoaLcn MPSU52 1.90 2N6080 21.50 2.4576MHz 5.50 1-9 0+ + 7412 70 740941 2.50 74LS163 1.10 745189 8.50 LM311H 1.80 AY-3-2513 14.50 6.50 MPSU56 1.75 2N6083 26.90 2'7648MHz 4.90 1 7413 70 74C989 8.90 74LS164 1.40 745194 3.30 = LM317T 2:50 MSM583216.50 ADCOB08LCN MP131 2.75 =. 2N6084. 37.90 3MHz 4.90 $1 .95 $1 75 -50 7414 80 74LS165 1.50 748195 2.90 LM317K 4.50 MM58174 19.50 14.95 MRF221 19.50 2N6122) 1.90 3.5795MHz 2.50 7416 80 74F SERIES 74LS166 2.55 74S196/82590 LM318 = 4.90 MM5309 14.50 ADCO820LCN MRF237 5.90 2N6125 1.90 3.93216MHz 4.90 7417 80 74F00 79 74LS169 2.45 4.90 LM324 1.00 MM5369 4.95 24.95 MRF238 29.50 2N6130 1.90 4MHz 2.90 7420 60 74F02 79 74LS173 1.20 74S197/82591 M325 4.50 FDI771 19.00 DACO800 4.95 MRF245 53.50 2N6133 1.90 4.194304MHz 7425 90 74F04 92 74LS174 1.20 4.90 [M326 4.50 FD1791 (0876), DACO808 4.95 MRF455 37.00 2N6256 14.50 2.90 61 16 LP- 3 7427 80 74F08 79 74LS175 1.20 748201 9.90 LM329DZ .90 DACHESAECN MRF475 12.50 2N6259 = 13.50 4.433618MHz 7430 70 74F10 79 74LS181 4.00 TAS2IAAN LM344Z 1.90 FO1793 (0877) MRF603 19.50 2N6274 29.50 2.90 (150ns) 7432 1.00 74F11 79 74LS190 1.50 P.O.A. LM335Z 2.20 DACIO20LGN MRF641 49.00 2N6378 = 4.90 4.44MHz 2.90 10+ 100+ 7437 1.00 74F20 79 74L$191 1:20 748225 10.90 295 FD1795 39.00 19.95 MRF646 53.00 2N6425 4.50 4.75MHz 2.90 7438 1.00 74F32 79 74LS192 1.20 748226 7.90 LM338K 12.50 FD1797 39.00 DAC1220LCN MRF901 2.90 2N6578 4.90 4.915200MHz $3. 95 $3. 75 $3. 50 7440 1.00 . 74F64 ‘79 -74LS193 1.20 748240 6.90 LM339 1.20 WD1691 29.50 19.95 MPF131 1.90 6.90 7442 1.50 74F74 89 74LS194 1.20 745241 6.90 M348 1.80 WD2143 24.50 TIP31A = 1.00 2SA683_ «1.50 4.9°.62MHz 2.90 7445 1.95 74F86 119 74LS195 90 74S244 9.90 LM349 «2.95 WD1931 2250 TRANSISTORS TIP31B 1.00 2SC2028 3.95 500MHz 2.90 7446 120° 74F109 99 74LS196 90 748251 3.90 LM350K 10.50 WD1933 34.00 ACI25 1.20 TIP31C 1.00 —-2SC2029 3.95 Ss 0688MHz 2.90 7447 150 74F138 1.79 74LS197 1.75 748253 4.90 LM351N 1.00 WD1983 14.75 ACI26 1.20 TIP32A 1,00 2SC2166 4.95 é6MHz 2:90 NESS 3 4 AN 7449 1.20 74F139 1.79 74L $221 2.00 748257 3.30 (M353. 2:50 WD1993 59.00 ACI27 1.20 TIP32B «1.00 ««-2SC1730 1.95 6414MHz 290 7450 1.00 74F151 1.79 74LS240 1.90 748258 3.30 LM356N 2.40 WD2123 2650 ACI28 1.20 TIP32C 1100 2SC1969 6.30 6.6670MHz 2.90 1-9 10+ 100+ 7451 1.00 74F153° «1.79 74LS241 1:90 748260 290 Lmas7 2.40 50 29.50 ACI87 1.50 TIP4iC 1.90 2SC1973 3.95 MHz 2.90 7473 1.00 74F157 ='1.79 -74LS242 1.90 748274 P.O.A. LM358 1.40 Ter1602 (81883) AC188 1.50 TIP42A 1.90 VNS8AF 3.95 8.867238MHz $1 95 $1 85 $1 75 7474 100° 74F158 «1.79 74LS243 1.90 748275 P.O.A. LM361 3.50 8: ACI49° 3.40 «= TIP42C.-=— 1:90 ©. 2SC372_—1.95 4.90 . . . 7475 1.20 74F175 2.78 74LS244 1.50 74S280 5.90 M377 4.90 TR1853 8.90 AD161 2.90 TIP49 1.90 2SC495 2.95 10MHz 4.90 7476 150 74F181 5.98 74LS245 2.60 745281 P.O.A. M378 6.95 COM811624.00 ADI62 290 TIP5O 2.20 2SC710D 1.95 10.6445MHz 7485 180 74F182 2.73 74L S247 1.30 748283 7:90 LM3808 pin BR1941 23.00 AFI18 2.90 TIP53 250 2S8C73_ 1.95 4.90 7486 1.80 74F189 = 7.44 74LS248 «61.50 74S287 4.90 1.80 CRT8002A BC107 50 TIPT11 1.50 2SC9O0F 1.95 11MHz 2.90 | N s 8 2 S 0 7489 3.90 74F190 4.86 74LS249 1.60 745288 4.90 LM380 14 pin 59.90 BC108 50 = TIP112 1.50 2SC945A 1.95 12MHz 2.90 m 7490 1.20 74F191 4.86 = 74LS251 1.50 745299 13.90 1.90 Bcie2t 40) TIP116— 1.50 2SC1014 2.50 = 14.31818MHz 10+ 100+ 3 7493 1.20 74F194 2.41 74LS253 1.20 748301 13.90 LM381 3.50 MEMORY BC212 30 TIP117 1.50 2SC1017 4.95 4.90 g 7495 1.20 74F241 3.72 74LS257 70 «= 74S314 ~P.O.A. LM382 3.50 2102 2.50 BC318 30° -TIP120.- 1.50 = 2SC 1018 4.95 15MHz 4.90 $24, 50 $22. 50 $20. 50 a 7497 2.75 74F243 4.34 7418258 1.20 748330 P.O.A. LM383 5.95 2114 4.95 BC320 40 = TIP122 1.50 2SC1061 2.95 16MHz 4.90 ge 74100 1.65 74F244 «3.72, 74LS259 1.50 745331 P.O.A. LM384 3.50 2708 12.50 BC327 30 0 -TIP125 1.50 2SC1096 2.95 18MHz 4.90 ° 74107 1.20 74F251 1.93 74LS261 250 748373 9.90 M386 1.95 2716 9.90 8C328 3000 TIPI27)»—-1.50 = 2SC1173 2.95 — 18.432MHz 4.90 3 74109 90 74F253° 1.93 74LS$266 1.20 748374 9.90 LM387A 3.95 2732 8.95 BC337 40 TIP145 «3.40 «=. 2SC 1226 2.95 20MHz 4.90 3 74110 1.50 74F257 1.93 74LS273 1.95 745381 9.90 M387 2.00 2764 7.95 BC338 40 TIP2955 3.50 2SC1306 6.30 24MHz 4.90 AM 791 1) 7 74121 ‘90 74F258 1.93 74LS275 6.80 748387 3.30 LM390 2.95 27128 8.00 BC546 40 TIP3055 3.50 2SC1419 2.95 27MHz 4.90 fe} 74122 90 74F350 «4.34 = 741S279 60 = 74S412/8212 LM391 2.90 4116 3.95 BCS547 20 28C1449 1.95 32MHz 4.90 (WORLD MODEM CHIP) 2 1.50 74F352 1.93 74LS$280 2.60 5.90 LM393_ 1.00 4164 3.95 BC548 20 aN 2SC1674 1.95 36MHz 4.90 a 1.00 74F353° «1.93 74LS283 1:50 748428/8212 LM394CH 6.95 6116 5.00 BCS549 20. 2N301 «= 4.00. 2SC1307 6.90 —32.768MHz 4.90 24.95 x 1.80 74F373° 4.84 = 74LS290 1.50 7.90 LM395T 9.95 6264 8.00 BCS550 40 2N697 1.00 28D: 3.95 Py @ 1.00 74F374 = 4.84 74LS293. 1.30 748470 = 9.90 LM396K 22.50 58725 (6116) BC556 40 2N918 1.00 280325 2.95 not 150 74F399 2.78 = 74LS295 1.75 748471 9.90 F398 5.90 4.00 BC557 :20 2N1304 «1.00 ©. 2SD350A ‘5. g 1.45 74F521 4.22 74LS297 6.50 748472 9.90 NE544 6.50 BCS58 .20 280525 3.95

MINIATURE HEATSINK! A great little fellow if you are short of space. Great price too, because we

import direct so you save! Cat. 10606 1-9 10+ $0.40 $0.35

= COMPUTER CABLE CIC6 6 conductor computer interface cable. Colour coded with braided shield.

(to 1E422 specifications).

Copper conductor 6 x 7/0.16mm. 1-9 metres 10+ metres

$1.90/m $1.70/m

CIC9.100 9 conductor computer interface cable. Colour coded with mylar shielding. 9 x 7/0.16mm.

1-9 metres 10+ metres

$2.50/m $1.95/m

CIC12 12 conductor computer interface cable. Colour coded with mylar shielding. 12 x 7/0.16mm. 1-9 metres 10+ metres

$2.70/m $2.50/m

CIC16 16 conductor computer interface cable. Colour coded with mylar shielding. 16 x 7/0.16mm.

1-9 metres 10+ metres

$3.90/m $3.40/m

CIC25 25 conductor computer interface cable. Colour coded with mylar shielding. 25 x 7/0.16mm. 1-9 metres

$4.90/m

10+ metres

$4.40/m

RAINBOW CABLE

Suitable for IDC connectors. Cat.No. Description $/metre W12714 28AWG14W $1.80 w12716 28AWG16ew $1.80 W12720 28AWG20W $2.20 W12726 28AWG26W $2.90 W12734 28AWG34W $3.60 w12740 28AwG4ow $4.40 999803

e COUNTER Cat. $12.95

MAINS MUFFLER Sudden mains disturbances can seriously affect your computer equipment, and stored data. So why risk It when you can have a Mains Muftler, particularly when the cost of one failure is likely to be greater than the purchase price! So vanish those dangerous clicks and voltage spikes forever with the Mains Muffler! SPECIFICATIONS: Maximum total load

1000W 4 AMP 250V 50Hz Outlet Sockets

Attenuation: 1SOKHz - 47dB

500KHz - 68dB 10MHz - 66dB

Dual T Section:

VOR Transient suppression

Surge capacity 200 Amp 8 x 20uS

2 WAY Cat. X10089 .... $199 4 WAY Cat. X10090 ... $299

HIGH EFFICIENCY

RADIAL FIN HEATSINK Black anodised with a thick base plate, this radial fin heatsink can dissipate large amounts of heat for maximum efficiency. Designed by Rod Irving.

105x30mm Cat.H10520 $ 3.50 105x75mmCat.H10525 $3.50 105x100mm Cat. H10529 $ 4.90 105x140mm Cat. H10534 $ 6.50 105x150mm Cat. H10535 $ 6.75 105x170mm Cat. H10538 $ 7.95 105x195mm Cat. H10542 $ 9.90 105x200mm Cat. H10543 $ 9.90 105x225mm Cat. H10546 $10.50 105x300mm Cat. H10549 $12.00 105x600mm Cat. H10560 $24.95

RS232 GENDER

CHANGERS _ @ Saves modifying or replacing non-mating PS232 cables. @ All 25 pins wired straight through

Cat. X15650 Male to Male Cat. X15651 Male to Female Cat. X15652 Female to Female Normally $19.95 each Only $14.95

RS232C NULL MODEM ADAPTOR

@ Male to female connections @ Pins 2 and 3 reversed @ All 25 pins connected

Cat. X15657 Male to Male

Cat. X15658 Male to Female

Cat. X15659 Female to Female Normally $22.95 Only $14.95

RS232 WIRING ADAPTOR BOX

@ Male to female

@ 25 Detachable plug on leads

@ 2 mini jumpers

@ Ideal for experimenting or

temporary connections Cat. X15665 ...... Normally $39.95

Only $29.95

RS232 MINI JUMPER

PATCH BOXES @ Interface RS232 devices @25 pe inputs

@ 25 leads with tinned end supplied

Cat. X15653 Male to Male

Cat. X15654 Female to Male

Cat. X15655 Female to Female Normally $25.95 Only $19.95

NG RS232 MINI TESTER

‘@ Male to female connections

@ All pin wired straight through

®@ No batteries or power required

T.D. Transmit Data

D.S.R. Data Set Ready

R.D. Receive Data

C.D. Carrier Detect

R.T.S. Request to Send

D.T.R. Data Terminal Ready

C.T.S. Clear to Send

at. X15656 ...... Normally $39.95 Only $29.95

ee ae

ANTISTATIC SOLDER SUCKER @ Light weight © Sturdy construction @ Easy to remove tip @ Excellent value for money!

Cat. T11281 eecceeeeeeee: $13.95

ELECTRONIC DOOR ALARM AND CHIME

Electronic control system with powerful in-built 100dB alarm. Changeable 3 digit, push button, secret code controller that is tamper proof. 3 function switch provides off position, chime and 7 seconds delay entry. Emergency panic button. Suitable for left or right hand door opening. Simple installation, no wiring required. Low current 15mA at 9V. Operates on 9V battery.

Cat, $2722? aecceesseeeer $44.95

CORDLESS

RECHARGEABLE

SOLDERING IRON

@ Easy replacement of solder tip

@ Plug pack power adaptor

@ Includes Nicad battery

@ Instructtion manual

@ 12 months warranty

Cat. T12480 ...... Normally $79.95

SPECIAL, $69.95

—————

FLUORESCENT WORK & EMERGENCY LIGHT

@ Suits cars, boating, caravan, camping etc.

@ Shatterproof, glare free

@ 12V DC, 8 watt, transistorised

Cat. A15052 $25.95

ELECTRONIC CASSETT DEMAGNETISER Cat. A10006 oo... $22.95

FREE STANDING, FOLD UP MAGNIFIER

An ecconomically priced “hands free” magnifier, lets you take care of all those tricky fine detailed jobs so often encountered in electronics, or any of many other practical uses such as home, work, hobbies etc. Cat. T12083 Normally $14.95

SPECIAL, ONLY $12.95

SEMICONDUCTORS! Always check with us before you buy!

1-9 O+ 100+ $9.95 $8.95 $8.95 $7.95 $7.95 $6.95

x $6.25

$10.00 $2.95

2716 2732 2764 27128 27256 4116

MEL9501 Have you blown up your Apple drive by plugging it in backwards or not turning off the power while changing boards? We have the MEL9501 chip!

SPECIAL, ONLY $29.95 8087

Genuine Intel chips with manual and data sheets packed in boxes! 8087-3 (4.77MHz) . 8087-2 (8MHz) 8087-1 (10MHz) . 80287-3 (6MHz) . 80287-7 (8MHz) . 8087-3 (4.77MHz) .

NES534A SCOOP PURCHASE!!! 1-9 10+

$1.95

WORLD MODEM CHIP Cat. U21614 ........ Normally $49.50

Save $25, SPECIAL $24.95

PROGRAMMABLE

24 HOUR TIME SWITCH ® 48 switching possibilities per day @ 240V AC, 2400 watt, 10 amp © Suitable for turning on. Heaters/Coolers pool filter electric blankets cooking appliances waking you, even making the coffee! lights etc for security while you're away from home! @ Bargain Price!

Cat. M22002 only $19.95

TV INTERFERENCE FILTER

Cuts CB/Ham signals interference

Cat. L11048 $5.95

—s

10dB IN-LINE COAXIAL AMPLIFIER

Reduces loss from splitters and long cable runs. Suitable for use with antennas, coaxial feed lines and VCR's. A/C adaptor included. SPECIFICATIONS: Frequency: Range: 5-900MHz Gain: 10d Power Requirements: 12V A/C Adaptor (included) Input Impedance: 75 ohm Output Impedance: 75 ohm

Cat. L15043 $44.95

UHF/VHF/FM ANTENNA AMPLIFIER AND 2 WAY SPLITTER.

Covers all Australian frequencies. Suitable for use in houses, caravans, boats etc

@ 1x 75 ohm input

@ 2x 75 ohm output.

@ Maximum output 2 x 96dBuV.

Cat. L15041 $39.95

UV EPROM ERASER

Erase your EPROMs quickly and

safely. This unit is the cost effective

solution to your problems. It will

erase up to 9 x 24 pin devices in

complete safety, in about 40 minutes

(less for less chips).

Features include:

@ Mains powered

@ High UV intensity at chip surface ensures EPROMs are thoroughly erased

@ Engineered to prevent UV exposure

@ Dimensions 217 x 80 x 68mm

WITHOUT TIMER Cat. X14950 ......... Normally $119 Special, $89

WITH BUILT-IN TIMER Cat. X14955 $139

Special, $119

—$ ae cy~

CAR ANTENNA BOOSTER

@ In-line instalation

@ 12V boosts 100%

Cat. A12073

.. $7.95

NICADS! Size Desc. 1-9 10+ AA 0.5 A.H. $2.95 $2.75 $2.25 C 1.2 AH. $7.95 $6.50 $6.25 D 1.2 AH. $7.95 $6.50 $6.25

100+

UNIVERSAL BATTERY CHARGER AND TESTER

Save money on expensive batteries with this universal battery charger. Features include meter tester, and provisions for D, C, AA, AAA, N, button and cell batteries, 9V and 6V (square types). Comes complete with detailed instructions.

Cat. M23533 oo. $29.95

PCB Coating ‘201' Cat. N11040 Freezing Spray ‘202’ Cat. N11042 .... a Insulating Varnish ‘203’ Cat. N11043 .... $7.95 Electric Motor Cleaner ‘204’

Cat. N11044 oes $6.95 Electronic Super Clean (Freon) ‘205' Cat. N11047 .... Flux Remover ‘206’

Cat. N11049 ... $6.95 Elec Contact Cleaner & Lube ‘207’ CatcNI1054 assesses $5.95 Silver Cote ‘208°

Cat. N11054

Formula “66” ‘535'

Cat. N11057 ... $5.95 Clear Coat Plastic Spray ‘540° Cat. N11059 oe $6.95

SENNHEISER HEADPHONES!!

The worlds best headphones are Now available from Rod Irving Electronics!! 3 models to choose from, other models are available on request! (Phone Tony DiPaolo on (03) 543 2166)

SENNHEISER HD 40 The HD40 is feather light, at just 609! This HiFi stereo headphone is uncommonly convenient to use. Its systems can be rotated so it can fit into any drawer. It is also available as a TV headphone. SPECIFICATIONS:

Frequency Range: 22 - 18,000Hz

Impedance: 6000hm

Distortion Factor: Approx. 1.5%; pressure on ear; approx, 1.3 N

Weight: Approx. 60g

Length of lead: 3 metres

Cat. A10815 vases $49.95

White durable plastic, 8 ohms Cat. C12010 Normally $11.95 SPECIAL, ONLY $9.95

Rod Irving Electronics

48 A'Beckett St, MELBOURNE Phone (03) 663 6151

425 High St, NORTHCOTE Phone (03) 489 8866

Mall Order and Correspondence: P.O. Box 620, CLAYTON 3168

Telex: AA 151938

MAIL ORDER HOTLINE 008 335757 (TOLL FREE)

(STRICTLY ORDERS ONLY}

LOCAL ORDERS & INQUIRIES (03) 543 7877

POSTAGE RATES:

$1 - $9.99 $2.00 $10 - $24.99 $3.00 $25 $49.99 $4.00 $50 $99.99 $5.00 $100 $199 $7.50 $200 $499 $10.00 $500 plus $12.50

The above postage rates are for basic postage only. Road Freight. bulky and fragile items will be charged at different rates

All sales tax exempt orders and wholesale inquiries to RITRONICS WHOLESALE.

56 Renver Rd, Clayton

Ph. (03) 543 2166 (3 lines) Errors and omissions excepted

Apple and IBM are registered trade names

[Se cm

008 335757 TOLL FREE MA

IBM* XT COMPATIBLE COMPUTERS *°™ $795*

Check these features and our prices. We're sure you'll agree they're exceptional value for money!

@ Assembled in Australia! @ AT style keyboard

@Testedbyusfor24hours © Operating manual prior to delivery! © 8 Slot motherboard

@ 150W power supply © 6 Months warranty!

(Japanese drives available for an extra $50 each)

*$795 COMPATIBLE COMPUTER

256K RAM Single Drive, Graphics and Disk Controller Card. $795

256K RAM COMPATIBLE COMPUTER 2 x 360K Disk Drives, Multifunction Card, Colour Graphics, Disk Controller, 1 Parallel Port. (Includes Timer Disk) ........... $1,095

640K RAM COMPATIBLE COMPUTER 2 X 360K Disk Drives, Multifunction Card, Colour Graphics, Disk Controller, 2 Serial, 1 Parallel Port. (Includes Timer Disk). $1,195

20 M/BYTE HARD DISK COMPATIBLE COMPUTER

20 M/Byte Hard Disk, 360K Disk Drive(s), 640K RAM, Multifunction Card, Colour Graphics, Disk Controller, 2 Serial, 1 Parallel Port. Includes Timer Disk)

ingle 360K Floppy Disk Drive .

.. only $1,995 Dual 360K Floppy Disk Drives.

on only $2,150

IBM* AT COMPATIBLE

Assembled & Tested in Australia!

@ 1 M/Byte Main Board @6 MHz @ 1.2M/Byte Floppy Disk Drive @ 80286 CPU © Colour Graphics Display Card @ 8 Slots @ Floppy & Hard Disk Controller @ 20 M/Byte Hard Disk @ Printer Card and RS232 @ Keyboard @ 200W Power Supply @ Manual @ 6 Months Warranty

waa ni Ss sus omaha SOs swaps ag asaabansmaannapabs adipanesdiaapasans only $3,395

Now you can buy top quality 51/4” disks that are also the cheapest in Australia! They even come with a 5 year guarantee, which indicates the quality of these disks. So why pay 2-3 times the price for the same quality?

MICRODOT 51/4” DISKS!

DESCRIPTION 1-9 BOXES 10+ BOXES

5%” S/S D/D $14.95 $13.95 51%” D/S D/D_ $18.95 $17.95

(SEND $2 FOR SAMPLE DISK!

MICRODOT 51/4” HIGH DENSITY

1-9 BOXES 10+BOXES 100+BOXES 49.95 $44.95 $39.95 (PER 10 DISKS) (PER 10 DISKS) (PER 10 DISKS)

51/4” D/S “NO FRILLS” DISKS FROM 90¢ EACH!!

Bulked packed, Microdot D/S D/D without boxes, or brand name, just their white card jacket!

10-99 DISKS 100+DISKS

1,000+DISKS $1.20°° $1.10°°

$0.90°* (SEND $2 FOR SAMPLE DISK!) (TAX EXEMPT PRICES LESS 20¢ PER DISK)

31/2" “NO FRILLS” DISKS! D/S D/D disks with white boxes but no brand name. (These are a top name brand, but we can't tell you which.)

10-99 DISKS 100+DISKS 1,000+ DISKS

$42.50 $39.95 $35.00

(PER 10 DISKS) (PER 10 DISKS) (PER 10 DISKS) (SEND $5 FOR SAMPLE DISK!)

(TAX EXEMPT PRICES LESS 40¢ PER DISK)

SEMICONDUCTORS!

Always check our prices

before you buy!

1-9 10+ 100+ 2716...... $9.95 $9.50 $8.95 $8.95 $8.50 $7.95

$7.95 $7.50 $6.95 . $6.95 $6.50 $6.25 «$11.50 $10.50 $10.00 «+ $19.50 $18.50 $17.50 . $3.95 $3.50 $2.95

$2.25 $1.95 $1.75 41256 .... $4.95 $4.50 $3.95 5558pin $0.50 $0.40 $0.35

$3.50 $5.75 $3.75 $1.70 $3.75 $0.25

7406 ...... $0.40 $0.30 INS8250 $29.95 $27.95

MEL9501 Have you blown up your Apple drive by plugging it in backwards or not turning off the power while changing boards? We have the MEL9501 chip!

SPECIAL, ONLY $29.95 8087

Genuine Intel chips with manual and data sheets packed in boxes!

8087-3 (4.77MHz) .. $279 8087-2 (8MHz) .. $399 8087-1 (10MHz) $649 80287-3 (6MHz) $499 80287-7 (8MHz) .. $699

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AUSTRALIAN STYLE ADAPTOR CABLE

@ Australian socket to plug/socket @ Length 10 metres Cat. ¥16015 $14.95

TELEPHONE CURL CORD @ U.S. plug to U.S. plug © Replacement hand set cord

@ Length 4.5 metres

Cat. ¥16023 $6.95

TELEPHONE ADAPTOR © Australian plug to U.S. socket ®@ Length 10cm

Cat. ¥16026 $5.95

TELEPHONE EXTENSION CABLE UNIT

Allows 15 metres of telephone extension cable to be neatly wound into a protable storage container The reel sits on a flat base and has a handle to wind cable back on to it after use. No tangles - no mess! Ideal for the workshop, around.the house, office, pool etc.

Cat. Y16013 $22.95

JUMBO 51/4” DISK STORAGE

If you've got lots disks, you'll appreciate the extra capacity of this disk storage unit when it comes to locating “that” disk!

Features...

@ 100 disk capacity

@ Smoked plastic cover

@ Lockable (2 keys supplied)

@ 9 Dividers/spacers

C16020 . only $24.95 16027 (Hinged Lid) $26.95

5a" DISK STORAGE Efficient and practical. Protect your disks from being damaged or lost! Features...

® 70 disk capacity

@ Smoked plastic cover

@ Lockable (2 keys supplied)

@ Dividers/spacers Cat, C16025 only $19.95

5 V4" DISK STORAGE Efficient and practical. Protect your disks from being damaged or lost! Features...

@ 50 disk capacity

@ Smoked plastic cover

@ Lockable (2 keys supplied)

@ Dividers/spacers Cat. C 16030 only $19.95

32" DISK STORAGE UNIT

@ Holds up to 40 x 312" diskettes

@ | ockable (2 keys supplied) @ High impact plastic lid and base @ Anu static

16040 only $19.95

31%” DISK STORAGE UNIT @ Holds up to 40 x 31/2" diskettes @ Lockable (2 keys supplied)

@ High impact plastic lid and base

Cat. C16035 ........ only $19.95

NE FOR CREDIT CARD ORDERS! LOCAL ORDERS & INQUIRIES CALL (03) 543 7877

RS232 GENDER CHANGERS

® Saves modifying or replacing non-mating RS232 cables. © All 25 pins wired straight through

Cat. X15650 Male to Male Cat. X15651 Male to Female Cat. X15652 Female to Female Normally $19.95 each Only $14.95

RS232C NULL MODEM ADAPTOR

@ Male to female connections @ Pins 2 and 3 reversed @ All 25 pins connected

Cat. X15657 Male to Male

Cat. X15658 Male to Female

Cat. X15659 Female to Female Normally $22.95 Only $14.95

RS232 WIRING ADAPTOR BOX

@ Male to temale

®@ 25 Detachable plug on leads

@ 2 mini jumpers

@ Ideal for experimenting or temporary connections

Cat. X15665 Normally $39.95

Only $29.95

RS232 MINI JUMPER

PATCH BOXES @ Intertace RS232 devices @ 25 pin inputs @ 25 leads with tinned end,supplied @ Complete with instructions

Cat. X15653 Male to Male

Cat. X15654 Female to Male

Cat. X15655 Female to Female Normally $25.95 Only $19.95

RS232 MINI TESTER @ Male to female connections © All pin wired straight through @ Dual colour LED indicates activity and direction on 7 lines @ No batteries or power required D. Transmit Data

T D.S.R, Data Set Ready

R.D. Receive Data

C.D. Carrier Detect

R.T.S. Request to Send D.T.R. Data Terminal Ready C.T.S. Clear to Send

Cat. X15656 Normally $39.95 Only $29.95

1B ai q se PRINTER LEAD FOR IBM* @ Suits IBM* PC XT and compatibles

@ 25 pin “D" plug (computer end) to Centronics 36 pin plug

Gari aeee” SSE

[ oi ["

UV EPROM ERASER

Erase your EPROMs quickly and

safely. This unit is the cost effective

solution to your problems. It will

erase up to 9 x 24 pin devices in

complete safety, in about 40 minutes

(less for less chips).

Features include:

@ Chip drawer has conductive foam pad

@ Mains powered

@ High UV intenstly at chip surface ensures EPROMs are thoroughly erased

@ Engineered to prevent UV exposure

@ Dimensions 217 x 80 x 68mm

WITHOUT TIMER Cat. X14950 Normally $119 Special, $89

WITH BUILT-IN TIMER Pats. XVG9ES ...scccersesrereees $139

Special, $119

“IBM* AT COMPATIBLE” KEYBOARD

@100% IBM* PC, XT compatible @ Low profile keyboard design © Proper placement of shift keys with large key tops to suit professional typists. @ 3 step height/angle adjustment @ Cherry brand TS-M00001 19mm low profile switches, meet 30mm. ergonomic requirement and provides high performance and maximum reliability. © Curl lead plugs siraight into PC: XT @ 3 Status displays Just like the ‘Real McCoy” only at a fraction of the price!

Cat.X12020 only $129

IBM* XT & AT COMPATIBLE EXTENDED KEYBOARD (105 KEYS) These new keyboards are both XT and AT compatible! ® 20 Dedicated function keys @ Enlarged "Return" and "Shift" key © Positive feel keys @ Low Profile Design, DIN standard @ Separate Numeric and Cursor control keypads @ Additional Functions Key-in-lock, Audio Beep, Previous Word, Next Work, Fast Repeat, Line Feed, Pause, Clear Screen,

Reset. CX RBE CIAL, ONLY 8198

APPLE* Il SERIES COMPATIBLE JOYSTICK These joysticks have adaptor connectors to suit the Apple II, IIc, lle and Il + computers. Features include selectable “spring centring” or "free floating”. Electrical trim adjustments on both axis, 360° cursor control and dual fire buttons

$49.95

Cat. C14201

JOYSTICK FOR IBM Features Selectable “Sprin: centering” or “free floating”. Electrical trim adjustments on both axis.

360 degree cursor control

Cat. C14205 $49.95

008 335757 TOLL FREE MAILORDER HOTLINE FOR CREDIT CARD ORDERS! LOCAL ORDERS & INQUIRIES CALL (03) 543 7877

NEW! NEW! NEW! NEW!

20M/BYTE HARD DISK CARD

XT compatible, simply plugs straight

Ip to your computer! OR ersineaeseoniaaniaay

sseseeeere $1,295 Colour Graphics Card Cat. X18002 «0.0.0.0... $129 Graphics Card (Hercules compatible) Cat. X18003 0... $165

Floppy Disk Drive Controller Card (2 Drives, 16 Bit) Cat. X18005 oo. $59

Floppy Disk Drive Controller Card (4 Drives, 16 Bit)

Cat. X18006 . sereerreanneres S65 High Resolution Mono Card Cat. X18007 oo... cecseceees $199

Colour Graphics & Printer Card Cat. X18010 oor $149

768kB RAM Card (without memory) Cat. X18012 oe $89

Printer Card

Cat. X18017 $34.95 Game W/O Card Cat. X18019 .. $37.95

XT Motherboard (without memory) Cat. X18020 o.eecceceeree $225

Clock Card Cat. X18024 00.0.0... $57.50

RS232 Card (without cable) Cat. X18026 ....... woe $5!

RS232 & Clock Card

Cat. X18028 ....... $95 XT Turbo Motherboard

(without memory)

Cat. X18030 0... . $275

Multi /O & Disk Controller Card Cat. X18040 svesee $179

VO Plus Card

Cat. X18045 . $129 768K Multifunction /O Card (includes cable but not 41256 RAM) Cat. X18050 ......... Fi $199 Hard Disk Controller Card

Cat. X18060 ........ $195

Enhanced Graphics Adaptor Card 256K RAM on board

Cat. X18070 .........0. see $375 64K Printer Buffer Card Cat. X180?? $139

Enhanced Graphics Adaptor Card (Award Bios) Cat.X ..

$495,

PRINTER CARD Cat. X17029 ...... $89 DRIVE CARD Cat. X17019 .. $79 80 COLUMN CARD Cat. X17025 . «. $85

SUPER SERIAL CARD Cats XAZOSS: ssirtenrsprrasrsssveney SUT

RGB CARD Cat. X17039 occ sreseeres S79 PAL COLOUR CARI Cat. X17027 oo. $95 Z80 C/M CARD Cat. X17041 neces $59 80 COLUMN/64K CARD CBE icrarasasasaunrerinis $69 64K/128K CARD COUR: izcvissssrasaensncare ve $69

Half the price of other brands!! Relieve eye strain and headaches and increase productivity with these Anti Glare Screens. Suitable for 12" monochrome and colour monitors.

Cat. X99995 oo... $24.95

@ 1 M/Byte unformatted,

(640K formatted), © Double sided, double density, © Access Time 3m/sec ee $265

Cat. C11908 sessssssseene $T95

Tired of paying out more for Japanese Disk Drives? These “direct import” Hong Kong disk drives are the solution! They feature Japanese mechanical components, yet cost only a fraction of the price!

Cat.No. Description Price C11801 500K ...... Normally $199

SPECIAL, ONLY $179 C11805 1.6 M/Byte

$259

——y

NEC drive with DTC controller card Cat. X20010 w..csees WAS $995, SPECIAL, ONLY $850

“IBM is a registered trade mark

Japanese Chinon mechanism,

compatible with Apple 2+ Cat. X19901 . Normally $225

SPECIAL $199

(‘Apple is a registered trade mark.)

We have just imported 50,000. So you get to save a small fortune!

DB25 MALE (P10900) 1-9 10+ 100+

$1.50 $1.20 $1.00 DB25 FEMALE (P10901)

1-9 10+ 100+

$1.70 $1.40 $1.20

A quality 12” TTL monitor, with a high contrast, non-glare screen at a very reasonable price! SPECIFICATIONS: CRT: 12” diagonal 90° deflection, non-glare screen. Active Display Area: 216(H) x 160(V)mm Display Characters: 2,000 (80 characters x 25 lines) Scanning Frequency: Horizontal: 18.432 + —0.1KHz Vertical: 50 HZ + —0.5% Description Cat.No. 1-9 10+ Green X14517 ....... $189 $179

Amber X14518 ...... $189 $179

@ Restores order to the top of your desk or work area

@ Made of white plastic coated steel @ Stores up to 900 continuous sheets ®@ Allows perfect paper feed

@ Allows easy examination of print out 21050 (10") ...... only $49.95 €21050 (15") ...... only $79.95

(Printer and paper not included)

CP80, BX80, DP80, BX100, MB100 ALL A CRAZY LOW $9.95

p——L

@ Suits IBM" PC XT and compatibles @ 25 pin “D” plug (computer end) to Centronics 36 pin plug Cat.P19029 1.8metres $17.95 Cat.P19030 3 metres .... $22.95

sent.

Sao ome

-Mitchell Waite, David Fox

If you are learning programming or have dabbled in the popular language BASIC and wish to learn the capabilities of Pascal, this book is definitely written for you. Written and illustrated with a touch of humour, the informative text describes Pascal program structure, Pascal variables, Pascal procedures, and many other features. There are chapters on decision making statements, numeric functions, string functions, arrays and sets, and much more. The eight appendices present facts about the advantages and disadvantages of Pascal, components of a Pascal system, interfacing assembly language routines, and other useful information

CAUB; spssissnoncssaoneane $24.95

High quality |BM* compatible monitors, great with VCR's too! SPECIFICATIONS: CRT: 13", 90° deflection colour Input Signal: Video Signal: Separate video signal Video: Positive Sync.: Positive Input Level: TTL Level Scanning Frequency: Horizontal: 15.7KHz Vertical: 60Hz Display Size: 245(H) x 182(V)mm Resolution: Horizontal: 640 dots Vertical: 200 lines

Cat. X14530 secs $695

Near Letter Quality Mode @ 1.4K Buffer

Cat. C20040 .....

con, $595

@ 120C.P.S.

@ Pica or Elite character set

@ Proportional Printing

@ Reliable and Compact

® Proportional Printing

@ Logic Seeking

@ 1K Printer Buffer

Cat. C20035 only $595

Quality paper at a low price! 2,500 sheets of 60 gsm bond paper.

Cat.C21003 11x91" . $49.95 Cat. 21005 15x11" .... $67.95

Metall

Compatible with IBM* and compatibles, and EGA Cards. Why more?

Resolution: 640 x 350 dots

Dot pitch: .31mm

Display Format: 80 x 25 characters Cat. X14514 ...... Normally $1,295

Our price $995

Resolution: 640 x 200 dots Display Format: 80 x 25 characters Display Colours: 16 Dot pitch: 39mm Sync Horiz. Scan Freq: 15.75 KHz Sync Vert. Scan Freq: 50Hz Band Width: 18MHz

vo $695

Cat. X14520 ....

‘Revised and expanded edition) -Peter Norton The widely acclaimed guide to the IBM PC's inner workings. The latest edition now covers every model of the IBM micro: PC, XT and AT, and every version of DOS trom 1.1 to 3.0

B20080 tess $44.95

-Robert C. Brenner

Keep your IBM PC in top operating

condition with this handy reference

book. Inside you will find pages of

schematics, photos and block

cara to help you identify

problems. Simple instructions tell

you what's wrong and how to fix it

fast.

® Make most repairs with few or no tools

® Quickly zero-in on a matfunctioning component

@ Reduces downtime

@ Pays for itself many times over in repair savings

@ Easy to understand circuit diagrams.

The IBM PC Trouble Shooting &

Repair Guide will make even the

computer novice feel comfortable

with the complex world of electronic

trouble shooting. This fully illustrated

book is recommended for anyone

who uses an IBM PC.

Cat.B - $44.95

Stylish 20MHz, non-glare 12 inch monitors available in green or amber displays and featuring swivel base that tilts forward and back and swivels right to left! Green Cat.X14506..Normally $235 Amber Cat.X14508..Normally $239 SPECIAL, ONLY $199

@ CCITT V21 300 baud full duplex @ CCITT V23 1200/75

® Bell 103 300 Full duplex

ell 202 1200 Half duplex

uto answer, auto disconnect

ED display for Power, TX, RX,CD \C power adaptor included

@ DB25 pin connector

Cat. X19120 ........ $295 (SOFTWARE FOR VIATEL .. $95)

-James R. Groff, Paul N. Weinberg The exploding popularity of the UNIX operating system is one of the most important trends in computing in the 1980's. UNIX is available on hundreds of different computers, ranging from personal computers to mainframes and supercomputers. Understanding UNIX offers an overall perspective on UNIX, including a discussion of where UNIX fits in the worlds of computing, business, and education. Individual chapters address the UNIX structure, file system, multiuser capability, specific applications tools, and more.

“A book that balances scope with depth; comprehensiveness with brevity." -Alan Kaplan

Gat vessiviwensss wanes $44.95

-Mitcnell Waite, David Fox

information, Cat.B .. . $24.95

ROGRAMMERS FNC ACLOPEDIA

-Bruce Brigham

The CP/M Programmer's Encyclopedia is a time saving, comprehensive reference for serious CP/M users. Covering all the commands and syntaxes for

CP/M 2.x and CP/M 3.0, this encyclopedia gives you the information you need in an easy-to-use format especiall designed for programmers. The CP/M Programmer's Encyclopedia is the only major compilation of CP/M commands and syntaxes. If you use CP/M extensively, you should not be without this important reference guide

Cat.B .. $39.95

-James S. Coan

Here's the key to using and enjoying the Commodore 64 microcomputer. A fast reading pure to computer operation and BASIC programming that is suitable for use at home or in the classroom. The approach is simple and direct.

CALEB) ssivsvcierinessavses $29.50

Practical tips and useful programs tor IBM PC's from the editors of PC World

Accollection of the best tips, programs, and routines for IBM computers from the popular “Hands on” and *.* columns. Covering both hardware and software, the book is organised so that you can quickly find information on virtually everything you need to know.

B20100 sccteninsannasin $34.95

-Thom Hogan

While other books will tell you how to learn C, this one shows you how to use it. It's a literal encyclopedia of the information you'll need to get it to work for you, efficiently and effectively. Handy and well organized, it gives you quick access to the things you need, when you need them, plus a clear definition of C language with examples and explanations of restrictions and defaults. You won't find an approach this understandable and objective

anywhere else. 820120 srenssniee GODS

Revised and expanded edition) -Peter Norton The widely acclaimed guide to the 1BM PC's inner workings. The latest edition now covers every model of the IBM micro: PC, XT and AT, and every version of DOS from 1.1 to 3.0

BB008O 5 csivisrsransiaitts $44.95

rhe Pisin Paelish WAINTEAANCE REPUB GE iD for EBM Persona Computers

-Henry F. Beechhold

Even if you've never held a soldering gun in your hand you'll appreciate these clear, simple, witty explanations of computer electronics. With its lucid line drawings and diagrams, this book gives you expert instructions on every fix-up and keep-up operation for your IBM PC and its components - DOS, peripherals, disk drive, and the rest.

BPOOGO ssrinseinserescasiiars $53.95

SAMS

IBM PC Troubleshooting & Repair Guide

BLESHOQ; sone Fy,

-Robert C. Brenner Keep your IBM PC in top operating condition with this handy reference book. Inside you will find pages of schematics, photos and block diagrams to help you identify problems. Simple instructions tell you what's wrong and how to fix it ast. @ Make most repairs with few or no tools Quickly zero-in on a malfunctioning component @ Reduces downtime @ Pays for itself many times over in repair savings @ Easy to understand circuit diagrams. The IBM PC Trouble Shooting & Repair Guide will make even the computer novice feel comfortable with the complex world of electronic trouble shooting. This fully illustrated book is recommended for anyone who uses an IBM PC. $44.95

Cat.B ..

-Jack Purdum

Learn at your own pace as this self directed study guide takes you through the basics and into advanced areas of the C programming language. The unique format allows a to advance quickly or proceed slowly. The book is divided into two parts:

Questions: of varying degrees of difficulty to guide beginners over the rough spots and to challenge the more experienced C programmers Answers: that.include many complete Programs for testing new functions and for illustrating tips, traps, techniques and short cuts.

GRUB ssansnsnosecnencsaean $37.95

-Winston D. Gayler

@ Helps you learn about microcomputer hardware in general and Apple II hardware in detail.

@ Provides you with accurate schematics and verified waveforms to rely on for servicing and repair.

@ Explains the advanced concepts of daisy chains, interrupts, direct memory, access, and the ready ine

@ Gives you many valuable hints for successful interfacing.

® Contains tutorials on video signals, memory IC's and the 6502 microprocessor, as well as full explanations of advanced concepts.

@ Each chapter contains an overview for the beginner and a detailed section for the more adventurous.

@ Ideal for students, technicians, hobbyists, engineers, and others who need Apple II technical information.

Cats sccsiicvrainnnaaen $52.95

Mount your speakers at ear level on four wall!! eatures. © Holds speakers up to 260mm deep © Left/Right adjustment p/Down adjustment @ Includes mounting screws © Nipping-screw pins hold speakers firmly in place @ Installation instructions

Cat. . $89.95

9 ntuZe 9. yanil hale Ming zo

We have a great range ot panel

meters at great prices!

Cat.No. Description Price Q10500 MU45 0-1mA 12.50 Q10502 MU45 50-0/50UA_ 12.50 Q10504 MU45 0-100uA 12.50 Q10510 MU45 0-5A 12.50 Q10518 MU450-1A 12.50 Q10520 MU450-1A 12.50 Q10525 MU45 0-20V 12.50 Q10530 MUS2E 0-1A 14.50 Q10533 MUS2E 0-5A 14.50

Q10535 MU45 VU PMetre 14.95

Q10538 MU65 0-50uA 16.95 Q10540 MU65 0-1mA 16.95 Q10550 MU65 0-100uUA 16.95 Q10560 MU65 0-20V 16.95

All prices per box and include tax 8007 REVERSAL FILM

250 x 300mm (10 sheets) . $39.95 300 x 600mm (5 sheets) ... $54.95 8005 BLACK ALUMINIUM

250 x 300mm (10 sheets) . $69.95

300 x 600mm (5 sheets) ... $79.95 8009 BLUE ALUMINIUM

250 x 300mm (10 sheets) . $69.95 300 x 600mm (5 sheets) ... $79.95 8011 RED/WHITE

250 x 300mm (10 sheets) . $64.95 300 x 600mm (5 sheets) ... $74.95 8013 BLACK/YELLOW

250 x 300mm (10 sheets) . $64.95 300 x 600mm (5 sheets) $74.95 8015 BLACK/WHITE

250 x 300mm (10 sheets) . $64.95 300 x 600mm (5 sheets) ... $74.95 8016 BLUE/WHITE

250 x 300mm (10 sheets) . $64.95 300 x 600mm (5 sheets) ... $74.95 8018 GREEN/WHITE

250 x 300mm (10 sheets) . $64.95 300 x 600mm (5 sheets) ... $74.95

The WTCPN Features:

@ Power Unit 240 V AC

@ Temperature controlled iron, 24V AC

® Flexible silicon lead for ease of use

damaged tips! The best is always worth having. GatiTIZ500 cascccsssore R.R.P. $149

SPECIAL, ONLY $129

These superb rack mount cabinets

will give your projects a real

professional appearance!

Just look at these features...

@ All dimensions conform to the International Standard

@ All aluminium construction

@ Choice of black or natural finish

@ Removeable top and bottom lid

@ Ventilated lid

A = Internal Height mm B = Rear Width mm C = Depth mm

A B C Finish Cat.No. Price 38 430 254 Natural H10401 $49.50 82 430 254 Natural H10402 $59.50

126 430 254 Natural H10403 $69.50 38 430254 Black H10411 $59.95 82.430 254 Black H10412 $69.95

126 430 254 Black 10413 $79.95

— a!

Diecast boxes are excellent for

FF shielding, and strength.

Screws are provided with each box H11451 100x 50x 25mm . $ 5.95 H11452110x60x30mm . $ 6.50 H11453 120x65x 40mm . $ 6.95

H11461 120x94x53mm . $11.50 H11462 188 x 120 x 78mm... $13.50 H11464 188 x 188 x 64mm... $29.50

Why pay more? Cat.P11000 100 holes ..... $2.75 Cat.P11005 640 holes ....... $10.75

Cat.P11007 640+ 100 holes $13.00 Cat.P11009 840+ 200 holes $17.50 Cat.P11010 1280+ 100 holes $19.95 Cat.P11011 1280+300 holes $32.50 Cat.F 11012 1280+ 400 holes $36.75 Cat.P11015 1920+500 holes $57.50 Cat.P11018 2560+ 700 holes $64.95

Compact P.I.R. with adjustable

comer or wall mounting bracket,

dual pyroelectric infra red sensing

element gives a coverage 2 x 14

zones 2m high and 10m wide

® Detecting range 12-15 metres at 90 degrees

@ LED indicator for walk test. (can be disabled)

@ Shielded against RF interference

@ Relay output NC or NO at 30V (AC-DC) 0.5A max.

@ Integral NC tamper switch

@ Operating voltage 10.5 - 16V DC

Cat. $7722? .... $145

@ Telephone type digital keypad.

@ Over 5000 possible combinations.

@ Power consumption: 5mA standby, 50mA alarm.

@ Two sector LED and 1 arm LED.

@ Wrong number lockout.

@ 12V DC operation

@ Relay output.

@ Panic button.

@ Normally open tamper switch.

@ Dimensions: 145 x 100 x 37mm

@ ACP3 compatible.

Cat. A13014 .......... R.R.P. $79.95 SPECIAL, ONLY $69.95

Cat. No. Description W11251 13/.12 TND BLK W11252 13/.12 TLD BROWN W11253 13/.12 TLD ORANGE W11254 13/.12 TLD YELLOW W11255 13/.12 TLD GREEN W11256 13/.12 TLD BLUE W11257 13/.12 TLD WHITE PRICES PER 100 METRE ROLL

1-9 10+ $5.95 $5.00 $5.35 $4.50

W11260 14/.20 RED W11261 14/.20 BLACK W11265 14/.20 BLUE W11268 14/.20 WHITE

PRICES PER 100 METRE ROLL 1-9 10+ $12.00 $10.00 $10.80 $9.00 W11270 24/,20 RED W11272 24/.20 BLACK W11274 24/.20 GREEN

PRICES PER 100 METRE ROLL 1-9 10+ $14.00 $12.00 $12.60 $10.80 W11280 32/.2 BROWN W11282 32/.2 BLUE

PRICES PER 100 METRE ROLL 1-9 10+ $20.00 $18.00 $18.00 $16.20

Leakproof and in 3 convenient sizes, these long service life batteries are ideal for burgular systems, emergency lighting or as a computer backup power supply. Ideal for many power needs.

Cat. $15029 12V 1.2 AH $17.50 Cat. 15031 12V 2.6 AH $32.50 Cat. $15033 12V 4.5 AH $39.50

@ Female to Female.

non-mating Centronics cables.

@ All 36 pins wired straight through

Cat. X15663 Male to Male

Cat. X15661 Male to Female

Cat. X15664 Female to Female Normally $33.95, Only $24.95

@ 15mm Digits

e Banagap Reference A low profile LCD DPM with a range of useful symbols as shown. The DPM 200 features 15mm 31/2 digit display, and ultra low current consumption and a bandgap reference for high stability. It also features Auto-zero, Auto-polarity, 200mV fsd. It may be used in single- ended, differential or ratiometric modes. The fsd can be easily changed by the user to indicate any other units. The decimal points and symbols can all be driven from an internal source. Wide supply and symbols can all be driven from an internal source. Wide supply rail (5-15V DC) with a variable threshold low battery warning indicator. Supplied with mounting clips and comprehensive data sheet. SPECIFICATIONS: Accuracy: 0.1% +—1 digit Linearity: + —1 digit Samplesiaece 3

‘emp. Stal : 50 ppm typical Temp. Rangeso - 50°C ie Supply Voltage: 5 - 15V DC Supply Current: 50uA typical Max DC Input Volts: + —20V

Cat. Q15510 $99.95

This superb 3 way speaker kit competes with systems that cost 2-3 times the cost of these units! (which may even be using VIFA drivers etc.) Never before has it been possible to get such

ex lonal value in kit speakers! Call in personally and compare for yourself!

The system comprises...

2x D19 dome tweeters

2x D75 dome midrange

2x P25 woofers

2x pre-built quality crossovers

The cabinet kit consists of 2 knock- down boxes in beautiful black grain look with silver baffles, speaker cloth, innerbond, grill clips, speaker terminals, screws and ports.

D19 DOME TWEETER SPEAKER SPECIFICATIONS Nominal Impedance: 8 ohms Frequency Range: 2.5 - 20kHz Free Air Resonance: 1,700Hz Sensitivity 1W at 1m: 89dB Nominal Power: 80 Watts

(fo: 5,000Hz, 12dB/oct) Voice Coil Diameter: 19mm Voice Coil Resistance: 6.20hms Moving Mass: 0.2 grams Weight: 0.28kg

D75 DOME MIDRANGE SPECIFICATIONS: Nominal Impedance: 8 ohms Frequency Range: 350 - 5,000Hz Free Air Resonance: 300Hz Sensitivity (1W at 1m): 91dB Nominal Power: 80 Watts

(fo: 500Hz, 12dB/oct) Voice Coil Diameter: 75mm Voice Coil Resistance: 7.20ohms Moving Mass (incl. air): 3.6 grams Weight: 0.65kg

P25 WOOFER SPECIFICATIONS: Nominal Impedance: 8 ohms Frequency Range: 25 - 3,000Hz Free Air Resonance: 25Hz Operating Power: 5 watts Sensitivity (1W at 1m): 89dB Nominal Power: 60 Watts Music Power: 100 Watts Voice Coil Diameter: 40mm Voice Coil Resistance: 5.70ohms moving Mase (incl. air): 44 grams Thiele/Small Parameters:

Qm: 3.15

Qe: 0.46

Qt: 0.40

Vas; 180:1 Weight: 1.95kg

Complete Kit Cat.k16030 $1,199 Speaker Kit Cat.K16031 . $949 Cabinet Kit Cat.K16032 .. $349

Made by Piezo (Azden) of Japan, this device will turn any microphone fitted with a Cannon Type male socket into a wireless microphone. The receiver will plug into any 6.35mm microphone input. Both transmitter and receiver can be tuned from 76 - 81MHz. Freq. Response: 50 - 16kHz Tunable: 76 - 81MHz Field Strength: Transmitter 10uV/100 metres Receiver 15mV (100%) Battery: Transmitter LR44 (1.5V) Receiver 3 x UM4 (4.5V) Instructions: Japanese (English not available!) Cat. A10520 R.R.P. $199 Our price, only $189

This exciting new ker kit, designed by David Tillbrook (a name synonymous with brilliant design and performance) uses VIFA's high perfomance drivers from Denmark. You will save around $800 when you hear what you get from this system when compared to something you buy off the shelf with similar characteristics. Call in personally and compare for yourself! The system comprises... 2x P21 Polycone 8” woofers 2 x D25T Ferrofluid cooled dome tweeters with Polymer diaphrams 2 pre-built quality crossovers The cabinet kit consists of 2 knock- down boxes in beautiful black grain look with silver baffles, speaker cloth, innerbond, grill clips, speaker terminals, screws and ports.

D25T SPEAKER SPECIFICATIONS Nominal Impedance: 6 ohms Frequency Range: 2 - 24kHz

Free Air Resonance: 1500Hz Operating Power: 3.2 watts Sensitivity (1W at 1m): 90dB Nominal Power: 90 Watts

Voice Coil Dia

Air Gap Height: 2mm

Voice Coil Moving M: 0.3 Weight: 0.53kg

P21 WOOFER SPECIFICATIONS: Nominal Impedance: 8 ohms Frequency Range: 26 - 4,000Hz Free Air Resonance: 33Hz Operating Power: 2.5 watts Sensitivity (1W at 1m): 92dB Nominal Power: 60 Watts Voice Coil Diameter: 40mm tore Coil Resistance: 5.8ohms loving Mass: 20 grams ThieleSmail Parameters: Qm: 2.4 Qe: 0.41 Qt: 0.35 Vas: 80:1

Weight: 1.65kg

Complete Kit Cat.K16020... $799 Speaker Kit Cat.K16021 .. $649 Cabinet Kit Cat.K16022 .. $209

Tuneable: 92 - 104MHz

Freq. Response: 50 - 15kHz Range: Over 300 feet in open field Modulation: FM

Power Source: 9V Battery

Type: Electret Condenser. Dimensions: 185 x 27 x 38mm Weight: 160 grams

Cat. A10450 .. $19.95

MICROPHONE SPECIFICATIONS:

Transmitting Frequency: 37.1MHz

Transmitting System: crystal oscillation

Microphone: Electret condenser

Power Supply: 9V battery

Range: 300 feet in open field

Dimensions: 185 x 27 x 38mm

Weight: 160 grams

RECIEVER SPECIFICATIONS:

Recieving Freq: 37.1MHz

Output Level: 30mV (maximum)

Recieving System: Super heterodyne crystal oscillation

Power Supply: 9V Battery or 9V DC power adapter.

Volume control

Tuning LED

Dimensions: 115 x 32 x 44mm

Weight: 220 grams

Cat. A10452 R.R.P. $113

Our price, $99

udio Audio Audio

The new Vifa/EA 60+60 loudspeaker kit has been designed to complstely out perform any similarly priced speakers. This is a 2-way design incorporating drivers which give a deeper, more natural bass response and 19mm soft-dome ferro fluid cooled tweeters which provide clear, uncoloured sound reproduction

These Vifa drivers are identical to the ones used in such fine speakers as Mission, Rogers, Bang & Olufsen, Monitor Audio and Haybrook just to name afew. Some of which cost well over $1,000 a pair!

The dividing network is of the highest quality and produce no inherent sound characteristics of their own; they simply act as passive devices which accurately distribute the frequency range between both drivers in each speaker.

The fully enclosed acoustic suspension cabinets are easily assembled. All you need are normal household tools and a couple of hours and you've built yourself the finest pair of speakers in their class!

D19 TWEETER SPECIFICATIONS: Nominal Im ice: 8 ohms Frequency Range: 2.5 - 20KHz Free Air Resonance: 1,700Hz Sensitivity 1W at 1m: 89dB Nominal Power: 80 Watts

(fo: 5,000Hz, 12dB/oct) Voice Coil Diameter: 19mm Voice Coil Resistance: 6.2 ohms Moving Mass: 0.2 grams Weight: 0.28kg Sate ClOsO ssiscscscssssscaises $38

C20 WOOFER SPECIFICATIONS: Nominal Im) ce: 8 ohms Frequency Range: 35 - 6,000Hz Resonance Frequency: 39Hz Sensitivity 1W at 1m: 90dB Nominal Power: 50 Watts (12dB/oct) Voice Coil Diameter: 25mm Voice Coil Resistance: 5.5 ohms Moving Mass: 15 grams Cat. C10322 .. sess $89

Cat. K86092 (speakers only) $379 Cat. K86091 (complete kit) ... $449

This month we are offering 20% off these prices! But, you'd better be quick as this offer is limited.

Description Cat.No. Price AD01610T8 (C12030) .... $24.95 AD02160SQ8 (C12040) . $69.95 AD80652W8 (C12042) .. $69.95 ADO70620M8 (C12045) . $69.95 AD12250W8 (C12050) .. $129.00

Acompletely portable system, sets up anywhere in seconds. Inputs for microphone, electronic organ and cassette players. Variable echo makes this an ideal unit for buskers and budding singers. SPECIFICATIONS: Output power: 1W RMS, 2W max Frequency Response: 100-15kHz Speaker: 5” full range, 4 ohms Echo Time: Variable 5-52m/sec Power Source: 6 x "D" size batteries (position for power adaptor also) Size: 280(H) x 120(W) x 180(D)mm Weight: 1.3kg Cat. A12022 $89.95

The worlds best headphones are now available from Rod Irving Electronics!! 3 models to choose from, other models are available on request! (Phone Tony DiPaolo on (03) 543 2166)

The HD40 is feather light, at just 60g!

This HiFi stereo headphone is

uncommonly convenient to use. Its

systems can be rotated so it can fit

into any drawer. It is also available

as a TV headphone.

SPECIFICATIONS:

Frequency Range: 22 - 18,000Hz

Impedance: 6000hm

Distortion Factor: Approx. 1.5%; pressure on ear; approx. 1.3N

Weight: Approx. 60g

Length of lead: 3 metres

Cat. A10815 cece $49.95

The HD 410 SL embodies all the advantages of the new "Slim-line” concept: brilliant sound character- istics with an optimum of sound volume combined with high wearer

comfort.

SPECIFICATIONS:

Frequency Range: 20 - 18,000Hz

Impedance: 6000hm

Distortion Factor: Less than 1%; pressure on ear; approx. 2.5 N

Weight: Approx. 829

Length of lead: 3 metres

Cat. A10518 .. . $74.95

The HD 540 reference headphones are open dynamic stereo headphones. They are among the best ever made. Designed according to latest findings in acoustics, their reproduction is of extraordinary transparency and the highest transients fidelity. The test with a CD player shows: their acoustic properties are outstanding. The ear cushions play a major role. They provide a completely resonance-free treble reproduction up to 25 KHz and assure an impressively clear bass reproduction down to 16 Hz. SPECIFICATIONS: Frequency Range: 16 - 25,000Hz Impedance: 600ohm per capsule Harmonic Distortion Factor:

Less than 0.4% Contact Pressure: Approx. 3N Weight: Approx. 250g Length of lead: 3 metres

Cat. A10519 $199

Mylar diaphragm SPECIFICATIONS: Sensitivity: 96dB

Frequency Response: 2-20 kHz Impedance: 8 ohms

Power RMS: 15 watts RMS Magnet Weight: 5.4cz.

Size: 96mm diameter

Cat. C10234 once $10.95

Mylar diaphragm, aluminium voice i!

coi

SPECIFICATIONS:

Sensitivity: 95dB

Frequency Response: 1.5-20 kHz Impedance: 8 ohms

Power RMS: 10 watts RMS Magnet Weight: 2.50z.

Cat C1022" spriasacrecnreves $8.95

Sealed back, foam edge, black cone, silver dust cap. SPECIFICATIONS: Sensitivity: 98dB Frequency Response: 500-8 kHz Impedance: 8 ohms Power RMS: 10 watts RMS Magnet Weight: 5.40z.

$12.95

Cat. C10230

Foam edge, black cone, black whizzer cone

SPECIFICATIONS:

Sensitivity: 89dB

Frequency Response: 60-15 kHz Impedance: 8 ohms

Power RMS: 10 watts RMS Magnet Weight: 5.302.

Cat, C10222 ...sccsressson '$

Foam edge, black cone, black whizzer cone

SPECIFICATIONS:

Sensitivity: 98dB

Frequency Response: 45-16 kHz Impedance: 8 ohms

Power RMS: 30 watts RMS Magnet Weight: 1302. Cat. C10224 ooo cece $23.95

Cloth edge, dark grey cone, rubber mounting seal, cloth dust cap. SPECIFICATIONS:

Sensitivity: 90dB

Frequency Response: 60-4 kHz Impedance: 8 ohms

Power RMS: 50 watts RMS Magnet Weight: 200z

Cat. C10226 orcs $34.95

Cloth edge, dark grey cone, rubber mounting seal, cloth dust cap. SPECIFICATIONS:

Sensitivity: 93dB

Frequency Response: 50-2.5 kHz Impedance: 8 ohms

Power RMS: 100 watts RMS Magnet Weight: 300z.

Cat. C10228 ....sscseccssseee $59.95

Cloth edge, dark grey cone, rubber mounting seal, cloth dust cap. SPECIFICATIONS:

Sensitivity: 97dB

Frequency Response: 28-4 kHz Impedance: 8 ohms

Power RMS: 50 watts RMS Magnet Weight: 300z

Cat. C10229 o.cceccccs, $69.95

VISA

Satellite television in Australia

A practical guide to the reception of satellite television in Australia and the Pacific

AVE YOU EVER wondered,

as you drove past your local

TV station, what that large dish was doing, pointing skywards? Chances are that it is a vital part of a satellite television earth station. Those dishes are just part of the very large investment that the major television networks have made in satellite broad- casting. But the game is not closed to the small players.

Recent advances in low noise ampli- fier technology have brought the world of satellite television into the backyards of hundreds of thousands of enthusiasts worldwide and, with it, access to inter- national television. Now these advances can be used by enthusiasts in Australia.

To explain how satellite television came about requires a brief look at his- tory. The first man-made satellite was Russia’s Sputnik launched in 1957. It bleeped a Morse code message around the Earth, proving that reception from space was possible.

Subsequently, the US Air Force launched SCORE in December 1958 which broadcast a recorded message of Christmas greetings from the President of the USA to all who cared to listen.

This was the dawn of satellite com- munications.

by GARRY CRAPP VK2YBX/T

By 1963, space technology and pro- pulsion systems had progressed to the stage where satellites could be launched into geosynchronous orbit rather than a low orbit which required continuous an- tenna tracking. Geosynchronous, (or geostationary) satellites orbit directly over the equator and their angular ve- locity is identical to that of the Earth — hence the position of a reception an- tenna remains fixed.

Intelsat

SYNCOM, which was launched in 1963, provided a single TV channel (or 50 telephone circuits) between North America and Europe and allowed real- time television transmissions. By 1965, 19 countries had realised the importance of such communications and formed an organisation called Intelsat which would fund and launch a series of satellites. Today, over 100 nations belong to the Intelsat network.

This network consists of 12 satellites located in three separate groups. These groups are located over the equator in the Pacific, the Indian Ocean, and be- tween Africa and South America (At- lantic). Each satellite group has one pri- mary and one secondary satellite al-

These pictures were received in Australia via the Intelsat network on typical equipment as described in this article.

26 ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987

though heavy traffic in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean areas has required addi- tional satellites in both these groups.

In 1971, Intelsat agreed that identical frequency satellites should be spaced over the equator in increments of four to five degrees. This allows reception of the desired satellite without adjacent channel interference. Of course, many countries have a far greater need for satellite communications than Intelsat can provide. These include Australia, the USA, Canada, Russia, India, Indo- nesia, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Japan and many others.

In each of these countries, reception of satellite television is possible with relatively inexpensive equipment provid- ing not only a basis for cultural ex- change, but an ideal vehicle for hands- on experience of satellite reception.

Basic components

The basic components of a satellite television reception system or TVRO (TV Receive Only) system, are as fol- lows:

(1). The Antenna: This needs to col- lect as much signal energy as possible. The most suitable type for TVRO use is the parabolic dish antenna, which pro: vides the optimum size/gain ratio.

The most important feature of the dish, apart from size (bigger is better) is the accuracy of the surface. It is impor- tant that the surface conform as closely as possible to a true parabolic curve. A variation of more than 3mm from a true parabolic surface can cause a significant reduction in signal gain.

(2). The Feedhorn: This collects the signal focussed upon it from the surface of the dish and, through an_ integral waveguide, presents the signal to the low noise amplifier (LNA). The most popular and widely used type is the prime focus feedhorn, so called because

This 3.5-metre dish is available from Dick Smith Electronics

it is placed at the focal point of the dish.

The mouth of a feedhorn may be sur- rounded by a series of concentric rings called scalar rings. These are used to help direct microwave signals in the general area of the feedhorn into the opening of the waveguide.

Most of the energy picked up by a typical feedhorn comes from the inner three quarters of the surface area of the dish. The advantage of the scalar ring feedhorn is that it gathers signals all the way to the perimeter of the dish and thus increases the overall gain of the system. As an aside, some parabolic

dishes have their outer curvature modi- fied to compensate for the characteris- tics of a particular feedhorn and so opti- mise the gain in that way.

(3). Low Noise Amplifier; The signal from the feedhorn goes via a waveguide to a small antenna probe which is nor- mally only about 12mm long because of the short wavelengths involved.

The antenna probe is cut so that it is resonant across the band of frequencies being used. Its length and shape are critical because it must favour signals over wideband noise. From the antenna probe, the signal is coupled to the low noise amplifier (LNA) which uses Gal-

lium Arsenide (GaAs) Fets to provide an extremely low noise figure. LNAs are rated in Kelvins (formerly called de- grees Kelvin) and the lower the Kelvin rating, the lower the noise contributed by the LNA to the overall receiving sys- tem.

(4). The Down-converter: Basically the down-converter is equivalent to the front end of a superheterodyne receiver and consists of a mixer and a local oscil- lator. The output of that mixer/local os- cillator arrangement is an intermediate frequency (IF) which, for most TVRO systems, is 70MHz.

In a superhet receiver, the mixer and local oscillator circuits are tuned simul- taneously so that the IF is always con- stant. Since the down-converter is lo- cated outdoors, close to the LNA, it is tuned remotely by a variable DC volt- age. This is furnished by the satellite re- ceiver and varies between 4 and 14 volts DC in most cases. The receiver has a tuning dial permitting selection of any transponder on a satellite.

A further development in down-con- verter technology involves the combina- tion of both the low noise amplifier and the down-converter at the dish. This combination is called a low noise con- verter (LNC) and has several advan- tages. The need for a cable link be- tween the LNA and the down-converter is eliminated, and the two units are mounted in a single waterproof enclo- sure. As a result, installation is consid- erably simplified.

The latest down-converter technology is called Blockdown conversion. This utilises an LNA/down-converter combi- nation called an LNB. In this approach, all the channels presented at the input of the down converter are handled si- multaneously and a complete block of frequencies is fed to the satellite receiv- er. This technique is favoured by hotels, motels and high-rise apartment houses as a way of permitting individual chan- nel selection whilst minimising the re-

This block diagram shows the basic equipment needed for an Intelsat home earth station. Note that the monitor used must be compatible with the signal received from the satellite (eg, NISC for the American Armed Forces Radio & TV Service, PAL for Australian/NZ feeds, SECAM for Gorizont).

ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987 27

good signal levels. In Australia, the highest footprint on trans-

ponders, using the vidiplex technique approximates 17dBw, .

which is very weak indeed.

To display both frames separately, a far more economical technique is available even though it is in black and white. By obtaining a black and white television receiver and rotating the picture tube yoke 90 degrees, both frames can be dis- played separately, vertically stacked, once the vertical hold is adjusted.

Microwave power level and space loss

The ground to satellite signal path in the 6GHz range re- quires substantial transmitter power between 1kW to 3kW plus large antenna gains of 50 to 60dB to saturate the input of the satellite with high quality noise free signals. Like any relay sta- tion, the signal quality returning to Earth is only as good as that initially transmitted to the satellite. On the uplink path free space loss approximates 198dB. Our primary interest is in the downlink since this is where we can participate.

The downlink frequency band limits are 3.7GHz to 4.2GHz. This is often a shared band with terrestrial microwave links so interference may occur at some sites. This is the first thing to check before installing a TVRO system. The satellite’s signal is contained within a 35MHz wide frequency band. The video signal is FM and the audio signal is FM, being transmitted as a sub-carrier between 5 and 8MHz. Because this is an FM sys- tem, one important factor must be considered that is not part of a normal AM terrestrial television transmission.

The most important factor is called the FM threshold. On any FM receiver, when an FM signal reaches full quieting, all background noise is gone. As long as the signal stays above the threshold of noise, you have no way of judging without complicated test equipment how close you really are to the noise since, in full quieting, there is virtually no noise. The signal may be far above that required for full quieting or it may only be marginally above the level required for full quiet- ing.

This means that if the frequency modulated satellite signal can be maintained just above the noise threshold and, if the satellite signal is very stable, we can get by with a low margin receive system. To normal visual inspection, this would give the same apparent picture quality as a signal that is many dB stronger than full quieting.

Even with the weak signal provided by Gorizont and Intel- sat satellites in Australia, it is possible to achieve a signal level marginally above threshold by adjusting the IF bandwidth and using “threshold extension techniques” in the receiver.

Conclusion

The science of satellite reception is a very exacting one at its present stage of development. One of the mental hurdles you must adjust to, is thinking in terms of 0.1dB or 0.5dB differ- ences as being substantial.

As previously mentioned the down link path loss approxi- mates 200dB and is proportional to the distance squared be- tween the Earth and the satellite. This Earth-to-satellite dis- tance is about 37,000km.

Because the satellite transponder power is limited by battery and solar cell capacity to 5 watts DC input power (typically), and because of the tremendous distance involved, the signal reaching the Earth has an approximate signal strength of 0.5 x 10° watts. This is less than the thermal noise level present at the ground. @

One Machine Workshop

A multi-function machine tool

A heavy-duty professional unit which Turns, Mills, Screw Cuts,

Grinds, Drills, Slots, Cuts Gears ... and more. All cutters, slot

drills, etc., are Standard Equipment. Workable diameter.300mm.

Max. Length of work 550mm. Driven by 2-speed heavy-duty

electric motor. A real workhorse at an economical price. Built to

i Ordinance Factory Standards. Available 240 volt 1 ase.

(VIC)

129-131 McEwan Road, West Heideliberg. 3081. Ph: (03) 459 6011 (NSW)

25 Cosgrove Road, PTY. LTO. Enfield. 2136. , Ph: (02) 642 5363 el Dal = — a re =a feel a ial — ee [Please send me further information on the H11-1A Multi-function Machine Tool without obligation.

| name

ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987 29

yy Yy 45 A'BECKETT STREET CITY

Yi py TELEPHONE 663 2030

Sensational at $499

Jaycar is proud to announce that we have made a SCOOP PURCHASE of genuine VIATEL terminals WITH 14" COLOUR MONITOR at an unbelievable pricell

We can pass ENORMOUS SAVINGS on to you as a result! Here's the story.

A large National Electronic goods rental company came to us. They She had a quantity of professional (European made) "Viatel* terminals which they wanted to sell. They wanted to sell them because they had a new terminal that had an integrated monitor and larger page memory storage. There is nothing wrong with the ones offered, they said. They were between 3 & 5 years old and had been in typical office environments, were very clean and in good condition and had been in constant service contract. They were very reliable anyway however. The units sold for over $1,900 new but the batch being offered was ex-rental.

Well, we bought them, and they ARE in very good condition! Now, thru JAYCAR, you can own a fully dedicated VIATEL TERMINAL at a FRACTION OF THE PRICE of new or equivalent units! As far as we can tell the nearest new commercial unit costs $1,400, so at $499 you are making a massive saving (although the goods offered are NOT new).

RGB MONITOR. Such is the quality of this system the monitor has RGB input. RGB signals from a suitable computer can be connected to the monitor so that it can double as a high res COLOUR computer monitorl With a composite to RGB adaptor you can use virtually any computer!

VIATEL ADAPTOR. The adaptor is professionally made by Philips & INCLUDES an inbuilt modem to Viatel standard (1200/78). It features:

- Detachable remote keypad

- Keylock ON/OFF switch

- Centronics type printer port Ring

- Telecom approved (C82/39/489)

Taps tcor dort (02) 747 2022

- Full keyboard port and ask for

- Instructions “Mr Viatel"

for full details!

QUANTITIES LIMITED! We DO NOT have a warehouse full of these and we do expect them to sell FAST| PLEASE f you do want one of these GET IN EARLY. Stock will be sold strictly to the first buyers.

PERSONAL SHOPPERS ONLY. Stock is limited to personal shoppers only. (At this price we do not have time to pack them in a box!)

WARRANTY. Because the goods are ex-rental no warranty applies. We do, however, check each unit out for operation BEFORE they leave the store. The rental company are happy to provide a SERVICE CONTRACT for the goods if you wish. We also can provide service manual sets for $20 extra. We must emphasise that this product has proven to be very reliable but the goods are sold as is.

12 VOLT 15 AMP SPST RELAY - NORMALLY OPEN CONTACT -

Japanese made, chassis mount with quick connect terminals.

Can be used for 240 volt applications. Silver alloy contacts.

1 amp 400V quenching diode fitted across coil.

Data sheet supplied.

Cat. SY-4048

$5.00

The AEM 6000 amplifier system kit is NOW AVAILABLE ex-stock.

240 watts RMS per channel of pure power. $998 gets you the complete kit, nothing else to buy.

Cat. KM-3020

ULIRA FIDELITY PREAMP

Ref: AEM May/June 1987 Here's the low-cost way to get on the air with radioteletype (RTTY). This encoder teams up with the ever popular AEM 3500 Listening Post kit (Cat. KM-3015 $39.95) to make a complete

transmit/receive tone decoder/encoder. Join the ranks of the thousands of amateurs around the

world using the fascinating RTTY model Designed to connect in line between your AEM3500

Listening Post and your computer. The Jaycar kit comes complete with with case, Scotchcal front panel and connection hardware for "Listening Post". See AEM for software info.

al $59.95

100 WATTS INTO 4 OHMS/50 WATIS INTO 8 OHMS! Ref: AEM January 1987

A genuine low cost power amp “slave' module. Keeps costs down by having power supply filter caps on board. All that is required to make module operational is +30 - 40V (DC unfiltered), a signal source and a load. Works well with PA line transformers too. All board parts supplied including jig drilled heatsink bracket.

Cat. KM-3050

= Ref: EA May 1987 This simple project connects directly to the battery in your car. It will indicate under-normal - or overcharging via a bar display of yellow fife oeleen retrospect Me , Cat. KA-1684 Module can be used on its own or ganaged to equalise a whole system. Parametric equalisers tune . around a centre frequency reducing the number of units required in a signal line (reducing distortion) over the more normal "grahic" equalisers. The Jaycar kit is supplied with all board components including pots, knobs, switch and TLO71 IC. ¥ SEE THE 1987 JAYCAR CATALOGUE FOR SPECIFICATIONS at. KE-4724

Ref: ETI July 1980 Ref: EA Dec 1983

We're ae ee og at a bargain pricel W E R E $44.95 (Hall-etfect contactless J U N E ON LY carkiscss | SAVE $10! $

34.95

Ref: EA September 1984 That's right for JUNE ONLY you can grab the best model train controller of them all for Ref: EA June 1986 $20.00 off. Avery handy project, but slashed this monthil .

NORMALLY $109.95 THIS MONTH $89.95 | NORMALLY $18.50 i THIS MONTH $12.00!!!

Cat. KA-1527

‘ae Electronics Australia

pharenll

vero VIDEO AMPLIFIER

Ref: EA June 1986 A great idea but we need the space for new kits! Probably too expensive quite frankly at $55.00 but NOT at $25.00 - over 50% OFF. UNBELIEVABLE!

mee = SAVE 55%l! - WOW!!

CLL

@Meéell

GET A BARGAIN WHILE YOU CANI

Jaycar is discounting Its two ioniser kits. We are only doing this because we have purchased some built units from bankrupt stock at very low prices. It would cost us in components for these kits, more next time than we are paying for current distress stock built up products.

We have sold thousands of ioniser kits over the years and they are still popular. Now is your chance to grab a bargain!

Cat. KJ-6510 SHORT FORM (no case)

NORMALLY $27.50 THIS MONTH $13.50!!

SEND A LARGE SAE AND $1.00 FOR THE 1987 JAYCAR 116 PAGE CATALOGUE FULL OF ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS FOR THE HOBBYIST

The EDU-LINK kit is a fibre optic evaulation system consisting of TTL compatible transmitter board IR LED, 1 metre of fibre optic cable, photodiode and TTL compatible receiver board. The fibre optic connectors are also included. Manual includes instructions, theory and tutorial.

DIRECT IMPORT - YOU SAVE HEAPSI $49 95 Cat. KJ-6520 ‘i

The ideal unit to add to an alarm system. IR units such as this unit do not respond to non-heat tadiating objects - even the cat is unlikely to

trip this unit. When a human being passes the lens the unit will selectively pick up IR radiation and then not. A series of pulses are then sent to a detector unit.

FEATURES:

12V DC powered

Double sensor Computerised OC to lower failure rate

Built-in test lamp

Alarm output SPST 30V DC @ 1 amp

Cat. LA-5017

$109

Brand new ‘smart’ modem from an Aussie leader. Has full auto recognition of outgoing and incoming calls. Permanently connected to your phone and computer. High speed 1200/1200 (V22), Bell 212 option is available that can be fitted internally. 300/300, 1200/75, V21/V23

Cat. XC-4832

$499.00

V21/V22V23 (1200/1200) Option fitted Cat. XC-4834

$699.00

Full specifications in the Jaycar 1987 Catalogue - available for $1 from all stores or via mail (included large SAE)

Cat. KJ-6511 FULL IONISER KIT

NORMALLY $49.50 THIS MONTH $29.50 SAVE $20.00 cuantiies strictly limited on both!)

45 A'BECKETT ST.,

CITY TELEPHONE

663 2030

(Photo shows KJ-6511 with lid removed)

Genuine Mallory 'Sonalert’.

This device mounts near the rear of any 12V vehicle. When +12V Is connected (i.e, from reverse gear switch) it will give that familiar “beep-beep" noise. Simple panel mount fixing. (Operates 4-28V) 69d0BA min - 80dBA max. Cat. AB-3442

A BARGAIN AT ONLY

These beautifully crafted rack cabinets will give your equipment a real 1st class appearance. All aluminium construction. Removable top and bottom panels. Natural or black finish. All dimensions conform to the International standard. Ventilated lid. Deluxe brush finish anodised front panel. Individually cartoned. Supplied in flat pack form and easily assembled in a few minutes.

SIDE ELEVATION: D = 254mm; C (internal chassis height); B (mounting bolt centres.

Finish A B Cc Each +5 Cat.HB-5411 Natural 44 34 38 $65.00 $62.00 Cat. HB-5413 Natural 88 57 82 $75.00 $71.00 Cat.HB-5415 Natural 182 89 126 $85.00 $80.00 Cat. HB-5410 Black 44 34 38 $65.00 $62.00 Cat. HB-5412 Black 88 57 82 $75.00 $71.00 Cat. HB-5414 Black 192 89 126 $85.00 $80.00

Beware of other rack cabinets that do not conform to International Rack sizing.

we nave once again made a scoop purchase of a partially assembled fan speed controller that was part of a well known Australian made product.

The controller consists of a PCB measuring 45 x 50mm with most of the components professionally soldered in. Two other components, a set of 3 brass connection terminals and the control switch/potentiometer must be soldered in place by the user. That's the only assembly work required.

You can connect the controller up to many 240V mains powered devices such as: incandescent lighting, electric motors (both series wound and shaded pole) or heating elements etc. It will control up to 3 amps (i.e. 750VA). A small heatsink may be required on the TRIAC over 2 amps.

The kit is complete and includes all assembly/connection instructions. You only need a

suitable knob for the nylon insulated pot shaft. ONLY $9.95

Cat. KJ-6522

VANIER AED TANIA TS UREN MEAT MAT CAT VAR VAT UAT JATUAR JATUAN JATUAR JAYTUAR JAYCAH JAYCAH JAYCAH JAYUCAH JAY UAH JAY CAH JAYULA

JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYGCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYEAR JAYCAR JAY

JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAY! JAYCAR JAY

MMH

MELBOURNE Vd

DIGITAL MULTIMETERS

45 A'BECKETT STREET CITY TELEPHONE 663 2030

IBM PC/XT COMPATIBLE CARDS

@ Build your own IBM PC/XT in stages using our quality guaranteed Jaycar XT

See our 1987 Catalogue for full specs boards! # OR, upgrade your existing system with Jaycar XT boards. Jaycar is proud to announce availability of a vast range of support boards for

1, FREQUENCY COUNTER DMM + = CAPACITANCE METER + TRANSISTOR == cuaaeel teil by eon lenmatanien juiegaine

TESTER + 20 AMP CURRENT + HIGH elo IMPACT CASE = tiustrated) cat. aM-1555 1/O PLUS Il CARD

Provides one serial port, one parallel port and joystick port.

Cat. XC-5016 $ 1 39.00 MONO GRAPHICS/PRINTER CARD

Massive 720 x 348 (2 pages) graphic resolution, with Centronics parallel port.

ey nord column (characters) x 25 lines. $ 1 8 9.0 0 UNIVERSAL 640K RAM CARD

640K of RAM using both 4164 and 41256 chips. User can select memory options

= — a DIP switches select RAM starting address. $2 4 9. 00 FLOPPY DISC CONTROLLER - 4 DRIVES

Will control up to 4 x double sided double density 360K drives (IBM).

ces" ONLY $69.00 RS232 (SERIAL) CARD

Supports two asynchronous communications

Gat xo s032 ONLY $69.00 150 WATT SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY

Fully compatible with IBM PC/XT. Metal case. Provides +5V@ 15A, -5V @ 1A, +12V @ 5A and -12V @ 1A from 240V input.

re ONLY $159.00 PC/XT COMPATIBLE KEYBOARD

84 keys. Plugs into case

sae" ONLY $179.00 1OMHz TURBO MOTHERBOARD

The board will operate at either 4.77MHz (standard) or at 10MHz.

“ee ONLY $499.00 COLOUR GRAPHIC VIDEO CARD

It will give RGB, TTL, composite video colour or composite video in monochrome to a ena $139.00 COLOUR GRAPHIC/PRINTER CARD

Provides printer AND monitor interface. Has one parallel printer port, composite colour, RGB CTTC outputs as well as composite mono-chrome video output with display buffer.

Cat. XC-5022 S 1 59.00 MULTI 1/O BOARD

Will drive 2 x double sided double density floppy discs, one serial port, one parallel

Por and ane joystick or games or. 8 1 9 9 0 0 PC/XT COMPATIBLE CASE

Simi 0 the real one! Will house your XT cards. $ ] 1 5.00 PARALLEL PRINTER CARD

This card provides a parallel interface for Centronic printers such as the Epson RX80, JAYCAR JA

—_ ele ONLY $59.00 JAYCAR COMPUTER CARDS WORK HARDER |

JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYGAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYGAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JA’

$169.00

2. 10 AMP DIGITAL MULTIMETER WITH TRANSISTOR TEST FACILITY

(Not illustrated) Cat. QM-1530 $89.95

3. 10 AMP DIGITAL MULTIMETER + TRANSISTOR TESTER + CAPACITANCE METER net iitustrated) Cat. QM-1540

NORMALLY $129.00 JUNE ONLY LESS 15% - NOW $109.65

4. 4.5 DIGIT + DIGITAL HOLD + 10 AMP

+ TRANSISTOR TESTER + AUDIBL CONTINUITY TESTER

(Not Illustrated) Cat. QM-1550

|JAYCAR JAY JAYCAR JAY

‘ |JAYCAR JAS 'JAYCAR JA) |JAYCAR JAY \JAYCAR JA) JAYCAR JAY \JAYCAR JAY |JAYCAR JA) \JAYCAR JAY JAYCAR JA) \JAYCAR JAY 'JAYCAR JAS JAYCAR JA) JAYCAR JAY JAYCAR JAY \JAYCAR JA) JAYCAR JAY JAYCAR JA) JAYCAR JA) JAYCAR JA) JAYCAR JAS JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA) JAYCAR JAY JAYCAR JAY JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JAY JAYCAR JAY JAYCAR JAY JAYCAR JAY JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JAY JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JAS JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ WAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ AYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA JAYCAR JA JAYCAR JA JAYCAR JA JAYCAR JA JAYCAR JA JAYCAR JA’ JAYCAR JA JAYCAR JA JAYCAR JA

$179.00

NEW KITS FOR JUNE AEM 6508 AUDIO CLIPPING FAULT INDICATOR

REF: AUSTRALIAN ELECTRONICS MONTHLY JUNE 1987

This unit is designed to indicate an overload condition (i.e. clipping on DC faults) in your amplifier. It consists of a PCB and all board components. A clip indication LED is then mounted on the front panel of your amp.

The unit can be calibrated for amps from 5 - 250 watts).

Kit supplied is for one channel only)

ca \M% ONLY $19.95 (2 required for stereo) ETI 283 CUSTOM TELEPHONE RINGER KIT

Ref: ETI June 1987

Connect this to your home or office phone (with a double adaptor) and generate your own space age telephone ring tone! Can be adjusted to give veru ‘spacey’ arcade game like noises! If you work in an environment where you cannot tell if it's your phone that is ringing, this Is for you. Case and all electronics included.

Double ad. ‘Cat. YT- $7. $ er gl t 6020 $7.50 extra) 39.95

TTC ee

3 JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR 3 JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR

ae ee ae ee ee

eum

¢ NEW PRODUCTS NEW

Pinetree Meane | RECTIFIER DIODE : O sdk | 6 AMP 1000V

$2.20 Gale

| R-1024 Heatsink compound large tube ~NM-2010 $ 1 50 ea $18.95 og 10 up $1.30 ea

es ee eee ee ee es

45 A'BECKETT STREET CITY TELEPHONE 663 2030

CAR BRAKE LIGHT

For safety sake you need one of these. Easy to install. Mount it on your rear parcel shelf, and it allows several cars travelling behind you to see when you hit the brakes. Soon to become compulsory on new cars. Cat. XM-0600

| BNC crimp male plug

CARLINGFORD STORE NOW OPEN UNTIL

2 pm SATURDAYS

BUTTON CELL BATTERY HOLDER

e PCB Mount e Will take all common silver oxide cells + small lithium batteries etc.

* Gold plated contacts $3.95 10 UP $3.50 ea

HAVE YOU DESIGNED A UNIQUE PRODUCT?

Jaycar is continually on the lookout for innovative new products involving electronics. If you are a clever engineer/designer and have invented that great new product maybe we can help youl Jaycar has the capital and marketing expertise to get that product off the ground.

We are quite flexible in negotiating royalties/commissions etc., but we will have to get one thing straight right from the start. If you contact

us you MUST provide us with sufficient information for us to asses what you have. We WILL NOT copy your idea and pay you nothing, but you will have to trust us. We reserve the right to return your submission if we believe that it is either not unique or does not have sufficient technical merit. You will at least get a professional assessment of your idea/invention for no chargel

So what have you got to lose? Maybe we can make you a millionaire!

CONTACT GARY JOHNSTON (personally) etic TODAY (02) 747 2022 PS-0844 a

eucete || SCOOP BUY! 240V - 6V 300mA PLUG ADAPTOR

ps.os4e | | PP-0890 | We have made a genuine scoop purchase of approved 240 - 6V DC 300mA plug pack power supplies. They feature an extra long lead (great for remote power points!) and the usual 4 way cruciform connector and polarity reversing plug. Interestinly they have 2 x 2.5mm outlets as well. At this price we suggest that you buy one or two whether you need them at present or not, At BELOW HALF the price of our regular cheapest adaptor they're an incredible

Cat iP ONLY $7.95!

LOWER EVERYDAY PRICES ON CENTRONICS AND “D” CONNECTORS

These are NOT a special for one month only, these are our NEW LOWER everyday prices.

WERE TYPE 1-9 10 UP 100 UP Cat. No INC TAX $1.20 $1.60 $1.20 $1.40 $1.60 $1.80 $1.25 $1.70 $1.80 $1.25 $6.00 $6.25 $5.00

$2.75 $3.50 $2.20 $3.25 $3.95 $5.75 $2.20 $3.95 $5.25 $2.20 $12.50 $12.50 $12.50 $12.50 $15.95 $17.50

9 pin Male D

9 pin Female D

9 pin Backshell

15 pin Male D

15 pin Female D

15 pin Female R/angle 15 pin Backshell

25 pin Male D

25 pin Female D

25 pin Backshell

25D IDC Plug

25D IDC Socket Centronics Plug Centronics IDC Plug Centronics Socket Centronics IDC Socket

$2.25 $2.75 $1.90 $2.50 $2.75 $3.50 $2.00 $2.95

$2.00 $2.50 $1.80 $2.25 $2.50 $3.25 $1.80 $2.70 $3.20 $1.80 $8.00 $8.50 $7.00 $8.00 $9.50 $11.50

PP-0800 PS-0804 PM-0808 PP-0820 PS-0824 PS-0826 PM-0828

Cat. MP-3008

| \ 8 CHANNEL I.R. REMOTE CONTROL - REF: EA JUNE 1987 - NEW KIT!!

This project enables you to control up to 8 separate circuits or functions - DC or 240V AC. With the optional add on kit the full receiver will perform such functions as up-down, volume, muting etc. The transmitter kit is enclosed in an all ABS case with neat Scotchcal label. The standard receiver kit is supplied with 4 relays. Extra 12V relays (up to 8 total can be fitted) are

available at $4.25 ea (Cat. SY-4061) Transmitter kit - Cat. KA-1684

IEC-TYPE MAINS INPUT FILTERS

3 AMP

The filter is rated at 250V 3 amps. 1/4" Q.C. type terminals are on the top for simple internal mains connection. Type IEC-320 recessed chassis

$45 Standard Receiver Kit (4 relays) Cat. KA-1685 $1 27 95 Add on kit for volume,

up down etc. Cat. KA-1686 $82.95

CONCORD NOW OPEN SATURDAY MORNINGS

MUFFLERS

This fully approved Electricity Authority unit is the ultimate mains suppression device. It is fitted with a circuit breaker and VDR's for extra suppression capacity. Nothing but clean 240V goes through. Recommended for computers - VDU's - printers - disc drives - video - medical equipment.

Max load 1000 watts 4 amps 250V. TURN YOUR STOCK INTO

TWO OUTLETS Cat. MS-4040

$149.00 FOUR OUTLETS Cat. MS-4042

$249.00

Z %,

nce aia. © a .

JAYCAR No.1 FOR MAINS FILTERS

TALL ssisisihihtittttthttttthtthhhh

plug on the side. SPECS: Input: 115-250V AC 47 - 63Hz

3A continuous Size: 38(D) x 63(H) x 50(W)mm excluding terminals.

Cat. MS-4004

$19.95 ea 10 up $17.95 ea

CAILELEEAL ELE LEED ALL LEAP OA ATA LAE ET AALS py

CASH! - Jaycar will purchase your surplus stocks of components and equip- ment. We are continually on the lookout for sources of prime quality merchandise.

CALL GARY JOHNSTON TODAY ON (02) 747 2022 OR FAX (02) 744 0767

GORE HILL OPEN SATURDAYS UNTIL 4pm

Basically the same as the 3 amp version, except it's 4 amp and it's fused. Accepts

3AG fuses. $29.95

Cat. MS-4006 8 AMP

For those big jobs. Again much the same as the 3 amp one - but 8 amps.

Cat. MS-4005 $29.95

,, CARLINGFORD % NOWOPEN YA SATURDAYS UNTIL 2pm

WAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR yJAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR yJAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR yJAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR

ONE NENT ENE NAENEN ENT NOFNEN PNT NOENTN ENE NOPNEN ENT NSPE PNT NSENEN OPN TE NOPNEN FN TNE rd FNP bp tid ae eS ee Tee, MRO eee

JAYGAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYGAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR J JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR JAYCAR

NT . Ref: EA July 1986 PIGIERE ELECTRONIC

( The very latest in bret ‘protection. Polyswitch pro- Fr eee , aomatic eh ‘ REFRIGERATOR ;

tectors are based on conductive polymers and act like tig relay DEODORISER WV LN q ‘ seat circulates the air inside 150ns

ee a refrigerator after each door opening. Air is drawn thru 1-9 $2.95 1-9 $3.50

ies Slee neal argent ia the inlet grille (shown). It passes through a special fitter 10 up$2.50 10 up $3.25

P 4 > that absorbs odours. The Frigi-Fresh automatically turns 100 $1.80 100 $2.20 ,

resistance is 0.4 ohms. ‘ h e closed eet!

| Cat. RN-3410 itself off approx 12 seconds after the door is c! . Cat. ZZ-8420 Cat. ZZ-8422 ome

RN3415 will protect midrange and woofers up to 100 | watts. Rated at 50V & 1.15A. Nominal resistance is 0.12 ohms.

Cat. YF-5522 (inc. fitter) Spare filters Cat. YF-5523 $3.00 each $2 49 Requires 4 x AA cells (not supplied) .

AIR OUTLET

BOTH UNITS Cat. PA-0888 $6.98 ea C.0.S. 10 or more L.E.D. POWER

\ $6.50 each INDICATOR

BATTERY TESTER

Two probes coming out of one end of this hand held device are Inserted into the water to be tested. An instant reading of the Chiorine level and pH value is given on the panel meter display. Battery — and = for fish tanks tool Cat. QM-6135

om ee SS SS SO OS OO ee ee ee eS ES SO ee Oe ee ee eo ee eee

Ideal for alarms or anywhere where constant use depletes batteries quickly.

iCads 12 VOLT 1.2A/H "Seas Cat. SB-2480 $28. 50 é Pe

Don't keep wasting money buying throw-away batteries. , 12 VOLT 4.5A/H toN les. ae mie = stale! cut Cat. SB-2486 isis cl

Cat. SB-2452

$3.50 ea This oe doos everything! EATUR 4 desi . " 2 . * Charges: B AAA, AA, C or D cells at once seat * Charges 3 to 9V cells via universal connector ¥ hoad PVA ET * Charges 3, 6 and 12V Gel batteries Plenuren * Charges button cells * Operates from 240V mains * Test meter and LED charging * Accepts AA, C, D & 9V NiCads * 240V operated

* Charges singly or in groups * Charge different size units together * Charging indicator lamp at each battery position

ee battery test facility

isect Repe Yr Cat. MB-3508 This one is $15.50 ‘cheaper than last yearl It will control mice, rats, roaches, crickets, silversfish, waterbugs, moths, etc. Size: 100 x 90 x 80mm. Power adaptor supplied 240V/ 9V DC. Output level 130dB from

30kH? to 65kHz. ONLY $39.50

Cat. YS-5510

| We're heavily overstocked on our MT-2136 Toroid. It is a | 300 VA unit with two separate 30V 5 amp winding as | secondaries. { They are normally $75 but this month you can grab one (or 2) for only $49.95 each a massive iia ote over 331/3%ll f Cat. MT-2136

| NORMALLY $75 JUNE SPECIAL $49.95 -

The solar panel in the lid will charge up to 4 x AA NiCads in a fairly short time. It ls ideal for yachts, campers, or anywhere where 240V is not avalable, Cat. MB-3502

This handy charger will recharge your Gel batteries. Delivers 300mA current at 12 volts DC. Supplied with quick connect lugs for easy connection to the battery.

| Cat. MP-3506

($13.95

& i a LL Le LLL on Widtittttte LEE YL “yyy Al

G1 15 Parramatta Road Concord 2137

( if a Y - ITY 117 York St. (02) 267 1614 -

“3 Y y | | eh Uh t 2 ) Moh-Fri 8.30 - 5.30 Thurs 8.30 pm - Sat 9 - 12 Z - | e \ | , aa G (02)7472022 2 ie | ‘ Cnr. Carlingford & P| Hills Rd (02) 872 4444 - Z ia , y Mon Fi 75-30 Thurs 8.30 pm- Sao Y Polen Feees y yi EI cCrronaice | 115 Parramatta Rd (02) 745 3077 - ™Y CLECTRONICS Z MoncFt'8 908.30 (Sot 8.30 12 Y (02) 748 0767 Z V jyeeeemmaaaaquaveqceadad; H 121 Forest Rid (02) 570 7000 - ZG Z G — POST & PACKING : son Mon-Fri 9 - 5.30 Thurs 8.30 pm - Sat 9 - 12 " Y PO. Box 185 % : y (5) Mastercard. $10 $24.99 $370 7 Moncrig:5:90Sa'S-4pm AyeZ Cee Z y Po ig Z BAN Logan Rd Buranda (07) 393 077 - A Ae HET BE i Z a on OVERSIO $10.00 Y Mon-Pi'9-5.30 Thurs 8.30: Sat 9. 12 oo FOR ORDERS ONLY Z. GZ VISA ROAD FREIGHT Z YURNE - CITY Shop 2, 41-49 ABeckett St aes . LLEREE Y Z eee lees ee a Mon-Fri 9 - §.30 Thurs 8.30 - Sat 9- 12 (008) 022888 Z Y Z ve ER VIA YOUR PHONE as till OZ oases Y

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CAR.

S@dssssscdsséée

AVCAR JA\ SAR JAYCAR | J Y J

Professional organisations for

the electronics technician

TETIA and

b INST OF AUST. aE

all rt stands for

Ever wondered what the word “TETIA’’ stands for in the Fault of the Month item published in the Serviceman column? It’s just one of two professional organisations for technicians in the electronics industry.

by JIM LAWLER

The “TETIA Fault of the Month”, at the foot of “The Serviceman” stories, has become one of the magazine’s more popular features.

I have been supplying the FOTM since its inception, and it appears fairly regularly. On the occasions when the paragraph does not appear, I can rely on getting phone calls from all parts of Australia asking ‘“‘What’s happened?” Equally, at other times, I can expect calls asking, “What is TETIA and how can I join?” The fact that callers want to join an organisation they seem to know nothing about implies that FOTM (Fault of the Month) is pretty powerful material.

In fact, FOTM began about three years ago after Leo Simpson, the then Editor of EA, asked the same question over lunch at the TETIA/TESA Con- vention at Launceston. Leo had _ ac- cepted my invitation to speak at the Convention and then had to admit that he knew nothing of either TETIA or its sister organisation TESA, (of which more later).

The explanation which I gave Leo then forms the basis for this article. In return he invited us to promote the In- stitute by means of the paragraph now known as Fault of the Month.

Mr Fixit To know the origins of The Elec-

tronic Technicians Institute of Australia (TETIA), it is necessary to go back to

36 ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987

the early 1950s and look at the local radio repairman’s shop.

In most cases he was the village “Mr Fixit”, able to attempt repairs to any- thing remotely based on technology. Apart from radios, he would repair irons and jugs, fans, toasters and radia- tors. One man I knew even did a first class job fixing sewing machines.

As well as repairs, the local radio shop sold ‘wireless sets” and ‘‘gramo- phone records’, torch batteries, light globes and other small appliances. Most radio mechanics also rented out public address systems to various events and functions.

In a word, the radio repairman was versatile and ingenious. Above all, he was skilled in a wide variety of village arts. Then in 1956 came television.

The works of a five valve superhet might have been a puzzle to its owner, but any reasonably intelligent person could learn the principles in a few weeks and the practise in a year or two. Television, on the other hand, involved totally new principles and practises that few people had ever heard of, let alone understood.

The brighter and more enthusiastic radio mechanics went back to school to learn the new technology. Although they were able to use their new skills as soon as TV transmissions started, their qualifications were slow to be acknowl- edged by both the public and employ- ers. Many servicemen felt that some or-

ganisation was needed to promote the Professional status of the new “techni- cian”.

The beginning

A group of technicians in Melbourne started the Institute in 1956 and, under several names, it has grown to become a nationwide organisation with some- thing like a thousand members. The In- stitute is governed by a Federal Council and Constitution, with administration in the hands of each State Division.

Full membership of TETIA requires both educational qualifications and practical experience. Associate member- ship is open to those who have either the certificate or the experience but not both. Apprentices and those undertak- ing approved courses of training are eli- gible for student membership.

The original members of the Institute were radio tradesmen, mostly holders of an apprenticeship certificate with post- trade qualifications in television. The modern version of this certificate issued by State Technical Colleges, includes basic television, and is the minimum qualification for admission to the Insti- tute.

Trade or technician certificates awarded by Telecom, the armed ser- vices or similar authorities, are also ac- ceptable as membership qualifications. Graduates of commercial correspond- ence courses may qualify if they gain a pass at a supervised examination ar- ranged or approved by the Institute.

As its name implies, the Institute was founded for the benefit of electronic technicians and it has been argued that a radio trade certificate is hardly techni- cian level. But radio apprentices now graduate with television qualifications and often with extensive digital elec- tronics training, quite sufficient to grade the modern technician above the one time radio tradesman.

Gaining this certificate requires at least three or four years practical train- ing. This, with subsequent post-trade experience to a total of five years, is ac- cepted as the minimum practical re- quirement for admission to the Insti- tute.

Post trade courses

So a certificate and five years experi- ence will gain for you access to TETIA but the learning process goes on for ever. The Institute sponsors post-trade courses wherever they can be organised and has often conducted its own courses to supplement those offered by educa- tional authorities.

Lectures and training seminars are held regularly and the Institute publi- shes and distributes printed material for the use and information of its members. Some educational material is now being distributed on videotape and regular newsletters keep members up to date with activities within their Divisions.

Every two years, the Institute joins with TESA to stage the National Elec- tronic Services Convention. The Con- vention is held in each state in turn and provides an opportunity for members to meet each other and with representa- tives from manufacturer’s service de- partments. Lectures and displays pre- sented at the convention enable mem- bers to keep up-to-date with this fast changing industry.

Originally the Institute catered mostly for technicians engaged in domestic electronics, meaning television. In re- cent years, the range of electronic ser- vices have spread so widely that today membership is open to an enormous range of occupations.

For example, in Tasmania our mem- bership extends to employees in Tele- com, the Hydro Electric Commission, the University, CSIRO, the Education Department and the Australian Broad- casting Corporation, to name just a few. Members are engaged in such diverse fields as industrial electronics, medical electronics, commercial computer instal- lation and service, and two-way radio installation and maintenance. There is even one member who spends most of his time installing and repairing electric fences.

For most members of TETIA, our days consist of solving problems like those described by the Serviceman. Other members have similar problems in other fields or industries. For all of us, electronics is a fascinating but ever- changing occupation. We keep up to date only by constant study and TETIA is there to guide and help us.

Enquiries about membership should be addressed to the Secretary, TETIA, in each state. Their addresses follow:

eThe Secretary, TETIA Victorian Divi- sion, 21 Burwood Road, Hawthorn 3122.

The Secretary, TETIA SA Division, 28 Church Street, Highgate 5063.

eThe Secretary, TETIA WA Division, PO Box 220, Willeton 6155

eThe Secretary, TETIA Tasmanian Division, 16 Adina Street, Geilston Bay 7015.

Queensland enquiries should be ad- dressed to NSW Division.

All about TESA

The constitution adopted by the founders of TETIA set the aims of the Institute as “educational” and deliber- ately excluded industrial or commercial activities.

Some members of TETIA were self- employed servicemen or the managers of service companies and the Institute was unable to provide assistance with their “business” problems. It was felt that another, parallel organsiation was warranted and in 1962 the Television and Electronics Services Association (TESA) was formed.

TESA is an association of service businesses and it is the businesses them- selves that are the members, not the persons engaged in the business. Usu- ally the owner or manager is the mem- ber’s representative at Association meetings.

The Association speaks for members in matters before Industrial Commis- sions, at Consumer Protection Council hearings, and at similar official meet- ings. TESA is a member of a buying group for the benefit of it’s members and, among other things, it supplies a range of standard business stationery at minimal cost to it’s members.

To the benefit of consumers, the As- sociation imposes a discipline on_ its members which guarantees _ ethical practises and a recourse to higher au- thority in the event of disputes.

So TETIA and TESA work closely with each other. TETIA looks after the technician’s education, qualifications and professional status, while TESA at- tends to the commercial and industrial side of the technician’s business activi- ties.

Enquiries about membership of TESA should be addressed to Mr Ray White, Secretary TESA, PO Box 154, Carlingford, NSW 2118. @

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ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987 37

FORUM

Conducted by Neville Williams

Technology: has it gone over the top?

There’s long been a readiness to question new technology — maybe ever since that far off day when someone invented the wheel. In a letter recently to hand, a reader who has spent his working life in electronics complains that the industry seems currently more interested in gee-whiz technology than in real

consumer needs.

By way of background, the writer says that his interest in radio dates back to the days when he had to save up six- pence from his pocket money to buy his copy of Radio and Hobbies — the name under which this journal was launched as a monthly in 1939.

The letter is too long to accommodate in full but the abbreviated version that follows should indicate what the writer is concerned about. He continues:

In the past, technology was developed to meet specific needs; large valves gave way to progressively smaller ones, &c. Today, it seems, technology has out- stripped our needs and is looking for an application.

The above remark is prompted in part by EA’s remote controlled preamp proj- ect — a “‘you beaut’ device, using the la- test technology, but why? Where is the point in selecting radio from your arm- chair and then having to walk over to it to change stations? Or selecting cassette input and then having to walk over to in- sert the cassette and press Play? Maybe there are other useful functions but why source selection?

Take a look at today’s TV receiver re- mote controls. The bodies are so small that they are difficult to handle, and the buttons so tiny and closely spaced that they are difficult to operate one at a time. Again, some of the buttons are rarely used by non-technical viewers.

I have a 6-year old remote control which is large enough to fit comfortably

38 ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987

in the hand, with six large buttons providing sound up/down/mute, channel up/down and power onloff — basic, sim- ple and useful. Contrast this with my re- cent attempt to buy something similar for my 80-year old mother, who was con- fined to a chair by arthritis. I was obliged to settle for one too small to handle easily and with so many tiny but- tons that, to the day she died, she could never figure it out.

Why are controls built like this, de- spite the fact that they present real prob- lems to non-technical and handicapped people, who must surely represent a sig- nificant proportion of the buying public? Because technology says they can be!

Along similar lines, I recently pur- chased an AIWA AD-WX220 twin cas- sette deck to facilitate dubbing and edit- ing of conference tapes. It’s a great ma- chine but who needs the ‘Random Pro- gram Music Sensor’? And at what cost? Maybe it’s an attempt to keep up with CD players, but in vain because who wants to wait while the tape shuffles back and forth to reach the desired track?

Another major grouch concerns TV and stereo sound. In a cinema, pains are taken to match the visual and sound images in the cause of realism but, in the home, a typical stereo TV has the loud- speakers immediately adjacent to the relatively small screen. At family viewing distance, the sound image seems little wider than a point source and the stereo

effect is lost. If the loudspeakers are de- tached or a hifi system is used, a full stereo sound image will result but the visual image remains minuscule.

The problem becomes most noticeable with simulcasts, when the sound qualifies as a stereo program in its own right. To match it, the picture would require a sin- gle stationary camera with fixed lens — hardly the sort of visual fare to attract viewers.

As matters stand, while listening to in- struments in acoustically specific and fixed positions, the TV viewer is forced to view proceedings from different an- gles, sometimes close-up and even look- ing face-on to the conductor. I find it an unreal and confusing situation, such that I prefer either to switch off the picture, or to retain it and listen to the sound in mono.

A report on stereo TV sound in “Broadcast Engineering News” (Oct. 1986) quoted comment which tended to support my own view. It reminded me of unofficial experiments which I witnessed back around 1960 at ABS, Adelaide, where the disparity between picture and sound was evident to all.

Once again, it seems that we don’t need the facility but the technology is there and, if we don’t have it, the “other” channel may steal a march! At a time when everyone is crying poor, I wonder about the justification — and the ethics — of having these high technology gimmicks foisted upon us.

D.S. (North Rocks, NSW).

It so happened that, about the time I received the above letter, I had a phone conversation with a now-retired profes- sional musician and concert critic. Prompted by a chance reference to compact discs, he sounded off in a man- ner that would have done credit to

someone half his age!

“Ethics”, as mentioned above by D.S., was much too tame a word to find a place in his outburst.

To my musician friend, rejection of the faithful black disc and the change- over to CDs was a scandal of interna- tional proportions, a gigantic conspir- acy, a massive fraud, the greatest confi- dence trick that had ever been pulled on lovers of good music.

In modern LPs, he insisted, the recording industry had a medium that offered all the quality and subtlety needed to satisfy music lovers. But manufacturers were looking for a new gimmick — a new product that would force consumers to scrap their existing equipment and start all over again — and they’d found it in the compact disc.

Mention of technical specifications, the lack of surface noise, freedom from wear, etc, served only to impart re- newed vigour to his scathing remarks. I gained the distinct impression that aspir- ing CD equipment salesmen could de- lete his name from their prospect list!

It was somewhat reassuring to recall a review of a then new CD release by Roger Covell in the Sydney Morning Herald “Guide” for Feb 23. You may have noticed it:

Rigoletto (complete opera) Callas, Gobbi, La Scala/Serafin. EMI CDS 7 47469 8 (two discs).

Said Roger Covell: “In the long run, the greatest blessing of the compact disc will probably be its ability to renew old recordings in a more or less permanent manner...

The old EMI/La Scala version of Rigoletto (recorded in 1955) is one of the prime documents of 20th century Verdi performance . . .

“CD recording not only restores the performance to that of a mint LP, it eliminates most of the noises made by even the quietest LPs of the period; and it gives the impression of improving the basic sound in one or two of its aspects...”

Maybe, just maybe, and despite the foregoing passionately held conviction to the contrary, even this new fangled compact disc technology may have something to commend it to consumers!

The good old days:

Getting back to D.S.’s letter, one’s immediate reaction may well be to agree that most of the technological ad- vances made during past years do ap- pear to have been prompted by an iden- tifiable demand; but that, more recent- ly, consumer requirements often seem

to have been overtaken by the urge to exploit new technology for its own sake.

We must, however, allow for the fact that recent developments are, of neces- sity, evaluated without the benefit of hindsight and what we lightly dismiss as today’s gimmick may well turn out to be tomorrow’s necessity. The promoter(s) may simply be more astute than the rest of us in identifying latest needs!

In the matter of remote controllers, a great many present-day consumers are willing to pay for the privilege of not having to put aside their beer and bikkies to make that tedious journey across the room — not for every single knob adjustment, anyway!

The remote controller for the pream- plifier described in our October and November 1986 issues provides for all the functions that are reasonably access- able in such a unit, including input se- lection. As such, it’s essentially no dif- ferent in concept to other controllers dedicated to individual modules and it remains for the buyer/builder to decide whether it matches their needs.

Even so, I’ve always felt that the re- mote control concept can all too easily develop into a jungle. The mind boggles at the idea of a complete one-brand audio/video entertainment system with the essential functions of every unit brought together in a single armchair controller. Apart from the need for a pilot’s licence, the owner would be locked into a particular group of com- ponents until the day came to scrap the entire outfit.

But the prospect of multiple indepen-

dent units, each with their own separate controller, is not very inviting either. It’s easy enough to mislay a single VCR or TV remote control, without having to search for and sort through half a dozen of the things!

Yes, D.S., some controllers are need- lessly small and needlessly difficult to operate and, even without the limita- tions of arthritis and a wheelchair, I’ve experienced at first hand the difficulty of finding, interpreting and manipulat- ing them in the semi-gloom of a TV viewing room.

Maybe we should blame the engineers who, I am sure, found no problem at all in manipulating gadgets of their own creation, smaller and with more buttons than their competitors’ models and demonstrated to management in the bright lighting of a conference centre!

As for AIWA’s Random Program Music Sensor, I’m not in a position to offer an opinion about its cost compo- nent or its potential value to particular buyers. I probably wouldn’t have much use for it either but if, as a facility, it adds only modestly to the price, it would scarcely be worth getting uptight about.

Frankly, I hear far fewer grumbles about supposedly gimmick features in consumer electronic equipment than | do about electronic ‘“gimmickry” in modern cars. Electronic ignition is fair enough, because it’s an isolated fitment and obviates the tedious chore of check- ing and replacing distributor points. But enigmatic electronic “brains” that con- trol most of the works, and electronic

Interchanging VHS & NTSC tapes

Att: Neville Williams,

Firstly, full marks for an excellent monthly column. You might like to comment on_ the

following observations:

(1). | purchased some Memorex T120 video cassettes in the USA as they were much cheaper than E180 tapes in Australia. They run for 170 minutes here, with good

results.

(2). According to information on the package, the actual tape is equally suitable for NTSC and PAL/SECAM.

(3). | have exchanged recorded cassettes with people in the USA but without success either way. The National brand VCRs_ look much the same except that the American models use a 3-speed system.

| am aware that the PAL and NTSC systems encode the signal differently for transmission from station to receiver. A VHS tape system, however, is presented with decoded video and audio signals and, although | lack background knowledge of the subjec:, | sus- pect that the method of retrieving the information is the same on all VHS units, wherever sold.

The differences in tape speed pose an immediate problem but it seems to me that, if VHS units were equipped with speed adjust- ments of sufficient range (either as standard or user modified) then synchronising may occur. Some guidance in the matter may be ap- preciated by your readers.

D.K. (Belmont, Vic).

ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987 39

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FORUM = continued

instrument arrays that cost the earth to replace are seen by many — rightly or wrongly — as examples of gee-whiz technology gone mad!

Stereo TV sound

I was interested to read D.S.’s ideas about TV stereo sound and, in the short term, I would have no great inclination to quarrel with them. It is indeed true that, when listening to good stereo sound, one tends to visualise the layout of the orchestra or ensemble and, ac- cording to the mood of the moment, ei- ther to listen to the sound as a whole or else focus upon some particular compo- nent of it. ,

In a live situation, the eyes would fol- low the ears, or vice versa, with the senses tending to complement each other unconsciously and automatically.

In a TV stereo presentation, that fa- cility is not available for reasons which D.S. explains. You have either to look at a picture which is chronically small or else, at the whim of the video producer,

leave your ears on the seat and go flit-"

ting hither and yon with your eyes.

D.S. chooses to break the nexus by discarding either the picture or the stereo facility, which would seem to be a rather drastic course. Maybe, given a little more patience, he may learn to concentrate rather more heavily on the audio and to relegate the visual to a supplementary role.

In the longer term, I would expect the ubiquitous cathode ray tube to give way to other forms of presentation, which will offer a much larger and brighter image. When that happens, stereo sound will much more naturally fit the picture!

A problem with standards

Still on the general subject of televi- sion, a Victorian reader, D.K., has been wrestling with the compatability problem between video cassettes re- corded on superficially similar WHS decks but to American and Australian television standards. His letter (consid- erably abbreviated) appears in the ac- companying panel.

Perhaps I should add that, although referring specifically to National/ Panasonic VHS format VCRs, the re- marks apply equally to other brands and to both VHS and Beta.

While D.K. realises that the video signal is encoded in different ways for CCIR/PAL and NTSC transmissions, he has not caught up with the fact that the

signal encoding on video tape is no less distinct and different for the respective systems.

Without getting involved in a lot of detail, the tape in virtually all VCRs is pulled obliquely around a polished, rap- idly spinning drum carrying a number of video heads. These impose the video signal obliquely across the tape as a series of side-by-side tracks, each track containing the synchronising, luminance and chrominance information pertaining to one single field.

In the NTSC system, the field repeti- tion rate is 60 per second, with each field containing 525 lines. In CCIR/- PAL, the respective figures are 50 and 625. Whichever one is recorded on the tape will obviously be recovered on playback and no amount of fiddling with drum speed can translate one to the other; it can only falsify both fig- ures.

The linear speed of the tape affects the width and the ‘slant of the oblique tracks but not the field rate or the num- ber of lines per field so, again, fiddling the linear speed could do nothing to bridge the gap between the standards; it would only add to the confusion and, for extra measure, change the sound from drawl to “duck talk”, as with any other linear sound recording.

One could suggest other discrepancies to do with colour encoding, &c, but enough has been said to indicate that D.K.’s proposition is quite impractical. Behind the facia of other-country models that look superficially similar, the differences extend far beyond the linear speed of the tape.

If one really must view cassettes based on other standards, or record them for use overseas, it is possible to buy multi-standard VCRs — but at a price and at a likely premium for ser- vice charges, because of the extra inclu- sions. Moreover, you don’t normally use them with your everyday TV set but with a receiver or monitor which can it- self accommodate different standards.

Sick of soldering?

Another Victorian reader has prompted a further instalment in the seemingly never ending saga about the possible undesirable effects of soldering fumes. His letter was addressed in the first instance to Norman Marks, a for- mer member of the EA staff, whose ob- servations on the subject were quoted on page 16 of the February issue. He says:

Dear Sir,

After three months under the care of the medical profession (no hopers) I read in EA for February Norman Marks’ letter to Neville Williams, which appears to be the answer to my problem.

I am silver soldering (Easy Flow, 2 SBA rods) a copper boiler for a 5-inch gauge model steam engine — but now, | realise, not in the correct environment.

Could you please advise where I could find out further information, and what is Merck’s Index? Just head me in the right direction.

M.W. (Essendon, Vic).

Talking the letter over with Norman Marks, we agreed that there was no guarantee whatever that M.W.’s indis- position, whatever it was, had anything to do with his model building efforts. Even if there was a possible connection, one wonders how a member of the medical profession could, out of the blue, come up with the question:

“Hmm you haven’t by any chance been silver-soldering a copper boiler lately, have you?”

That aside, Norman Marks empha- sised again that it was very wise to en- sure adequate ventilation, forced if nec- essary, when brazing, soldering or weld- ing. He added:

“One of the problems with hard sol- dering, where low working temperatures are required, lies in the inclusion of the low melt metals such as cadmium and cerium. If the alloy is overheated, oxides are given off, with cadmium high on the list of problem materials.

“Metal oxide fume ingestion can cause what is known as ‘metal fume fever”.

“Companies in this general field which might be able to supply further information include:

e Harringtons Metallurgists Ltd, 37-49 O’Connor St, Chippendale, 2008.

@ Johnson Matthey Ltd, 160 Rocky Pt, Rd, Kogarah, 2217.

As for Merck’s Index, I gather that it is a very large reference manual pub- lished by a Division of Merck, Sharpe and Dohme, a large American drug and chemical company. Comprising more than 2000 pages, it is an exhaustive reference on drugs, industrial chemicals, organic chemcials, natural elements, standard tests for the presence of ele- ments, &c.

Norman Marks managed to get a fire- damaged copy but otherwise, he said, “it would probably cost an arm and a leg”. Check for it in the reference sec- tion of any large, accessible library. @

ELECTRONICS Australia, June 1987 41