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From the Editor’s Desk
R= Parsons from California has been visiting Australia annually over the past few years, photographing our native orchids in the wild, and lecturing to a number of our orchid societies. He will be one of our over- seas lecturers for the next Australian Orchid Conference to be held at Port Macquarie in July 2006. Ron has a vast collection of the highest quality orchid slides and superb knowledge to match them. In this issue, Ron invites us into the bizarre world of the Pleurothallids. Some of these images have to be seen to be believed! Watch out for the faces looking at you as you browse the pages.
We welcome Eric Christenson and Marni Turkel as contributors to the AOR. They have both been well published in the USA. Marni has an amaz- ing and imposing species orchid collection, mostly of cool growing and miniature taxa, and she grows her plants so well! Eric is a well-known orchid taxonomist who has described numerous orchid species, primarily of South American origin. In this issue they discuss a seldom seen terres- trial species from Ecuador. In an upcoming issue, look out for Eric’s revi- sion of the genus Barkeria.
Jim Cootes provides readers with notes on a couple of charming Southeast Asian species, in Liparis compressa and the fuzzy Bulbophyllum lindleyanum. Jim’s articles are always interesting, and his cultural advice comes from first hand experience.
Slipper orchid enthusiasts will be pleased to see a couple of articles devoted to these plants with the highly modified labellums. It is great to see Dr Guido Braem return (with co-author Sandy Ohlund) with a note on the long petalled Phragmipedium caudatum and related species. The next issue will see an extensive illustrated article on this popular genus. My father, Graeme Banks, also gives an insight into his thoughts regarding complex Paphiopedilum breeding.
I recently attended the Melbourne Orchid Spectacular that is held annu- ally at Collectors Corner / Gardenworld, which features the main annual orchid show under the umbrella of OSCOV (The Orchid Societies Council of Victoria). This year it didn’t clash with the St Ives Orchid Fair, so I was able to attend. It was one of the finest orchid shows I have seen in Australia, and I’m sure they can now boast Australia’s largest orchid show. It just goes to show what can be achieved when people work together with a common interest and use their energies in a positive manner. Regardless of what some detractors think, OSCOV has triumphantly implemented the blue- print for successful orchid promotion in both taking the orchids to the pub- lic and acknowledging and rewarding their members, state-wide, with classy awards. A full report will appear in the next issue.
It is always very sad to report the passing of people associated with our hobby. John Gulbis, founder of the world-renowned Cecil Park Orchids (with wife Melita) recently passed away. I have known the Gulbis’s since I was about 7 years of age, through my family’s involvement with the Parramatta and District Orchid Society. The societies Christmas Parties and various workshops (organised by Alan Merriman, who worked there for many years) were always held at their production nursery at Cecil Park. They were great and memorable days. John, a quite achiever, was one of Australia’s finest Cymbidium hybridists, specialising in early flowering strains targeted for the export flower market. The Gulbis’s generosity was well known, as they assisted many orchid societies in their region. Our sin- cere sympathies go out to Melita and the extended Gulbis family. a
David P. Banks Editor, Australian Orchid Review dpbanks @ozemail.com.au
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
OUR COVER
Grand Champion and Champion Intermediate of the 2004 National Cymbidium Show was David Wain’s flowering of Cym. Valley Olympic ‘Pink Perfection’. Photo: Rob Smith. Full details on page 42.
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October/November 2004
Volume 69 — No.5 CONTENTS
Features:
A Plethora of Pleurothallids ........c cc sccceeesessseseeteseseens Ron Parsons 4 Ponthieva tunguraguaé....... ..Eric Christenson & Marni Turkel 16 LI DArISICOMPICSSA meena tetas atn re erent rer tia aert Jim Cootes 18
A Language Trap — Phragmipedium caudatum, P. warszewiczianum,
P humboldtii....cc cece Dr. Guido J. Braem & Sandy Ohlund 19 Complex Paphiopedilum Breeding............. Graeme S. Banks OAM 22 Bulbophyllum liNGle YAN .....ccccccccececee esses ences Jim Cootes 23
Sphagnum Moss as a Potting Medium ........... cee Brian Milligan 25 ValenUOOO\GUIDIS pemseeermnee re ene aanuree ..Alan Merriman 26 Rare Orchid?ZoneiBlastedii eve eseaestscssstssceisens Danny Rose 26 COldmisiNewAgainiwamvramiantiancesen tater tye Joan Burke 26 Mick Keith — Townsville’s 2004 Australia Day
Achievement AWard......ccccesseccccetectesteenererneens Thelma Keith 27
Stawell Orchid Society... ...Barbara Welsh 27 Chocolate Drop Wins First Winter Show.............0 Maurice Lawson 28 A Moment in Orchid History — Dr. P. S. Lavarack........c0 J. Nuss 28
cS APN ETERS TE OH SOT | Featuring Cymbidiums:
“Cymbidiums Australia” compiled by the Australian Cymbidium Society EdijtorsiBeporivsnvassrncciaiiermiri ern eat nr ere raht A How to join a Cymbidium Club ......... The 2004 National Cymbidium Show .
Award of Recognition - Kevin Black ........... Bob Battye & Rob Smith 49 A Look at Cymbidium devonianum —
More observations by an amatuer oo... ccceceeeeees Grant Cole 50 Valepuoel Donald ienaiirnmanisnt sre stave The WA Orchid Community 56
Cymbidiums at the 2004 Melbourne International Orchid Spectacular Orchid Fever
Carolin Allen 57 .... Graham Clark 61
Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
Regular F a Atel From the Editor's Des oval Botanic. Gani, een) 14 2 j aPacus” | New Orchid oles beeseenvesiten } Melbourn » ae) Gull MSS cd acts seerrirarier tuner vente Wiataee re fe 37 SHOWCatCS aearen taieen eens 99. nt pesepeotr eerie ive ieyetre Ibs GP é sveip &
Advertiser's INd@X.......... Bel 2004 friboetitted f... 63 Buyer's Guide...f......... pitino mci eo Prarh frememnca rater Ee 63 i a 's On! T... LRQup...A.. Sco arts f.. Orchid Events —}What's Onlf... RA R v { 63
Editorial copy:
Articles for publication and consideration should be sent to: AOR Editor, David P. Banks, 14 McGill Street, Lewisham, NSW 2049
All other correspondence to: AOR Publisher, Graphic World, 14 McGill Street, Lewisham, NSW 2049.
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Deadline for advertising copy for the December 04/January 2005 issue is Wednesday, 10 November, 2004.
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Subscriptions: See insert for Subscription information.
_ Lepanthopsis floripecten
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
by Ron Parsons
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 200
“What...that’s an orchid?!” is probably the most commonly uttered phrase when someone sees one of the many Pleurothallids for the first time. The flowers of the more than four thousand species in this group are some of the most unusual of the orchid family. They range in size from flowers the size of a pinhead to 40 cm long in the larger Masdevallias and Draculas. There are thirty plus genera in the Pleurothallidinae, each stranger than the next. They are a New World group found from southern Florida into islands of the Caribbean, and from Mexico through Central America and into a large part of South America. An interesting calculation is that there are 25,000-35 ,000 species of orchids, and that means that approximately one out of every 6 to 9 species of orchid is a Pleurothallid!
The plants themselves can be easy to grow with the right con- ditions, though some are downright difficult if not impossible. The majority of species come from mid to high elevations, requir- ing a cool-intermediate to cool greenhouse, say best kept at a 10 degree Centigrade minimum, but there are many intermediate to warm growing species too. For the most part the group as a whole requires moist, humid conditions since they lack storage capabil- ities other than the thickened, leathery leaves of some species.
There are so many species that it is beyond this article to go into specifics, but there is more information out there in books, magazines, online, etc. than ever before. I will just mention a lit- tle of how and what I grow. I live near San Francisco, California in acool area with lots of fog. I have a “light garden” in my garage under the house and grow various Masdevallias, Restrepias, Pleurothallis, etc with temperatures between 12-24 degrees C. These plants are under grow lamps, with 14 hours of light per day. I also have an unheated greenhouse in an area where temps fluc- tuate between 5 and 35 degrees C where I grow lots of Restrepia, and some Zootrophion, Stelis, Pleurothallis, Barbosella, etc.
Now I would like to share some of my photos of these amaz-
ing plants: Pleurothallis palliolata — This 22-25cm plant from Panama has one to three 2.5cm flowers that sit right on the elongated heart- shaped leaf. It seems to want to bloom in the first months of win- ter, and can cover itself with flowers. The plant can grow some- what quickly and usually has many adventitious plantlets that form on the leaves.
Pleurothallis palliolata
Pleurothallis amparoana
Pleurothallis amparoana — “The Fuzzy Toilet-Bowl” is a very cute species. The 15-20 cm inflorescence carries 15 or so flow- ers, and rises out of the base of the 15-17cm linear leaves. The species is from Costa Rica and seems to prefer intermediate temps of down to 12 degrees C, and is a very easy species to grow.
Pleurothallis johnsonii — This species holds a unique position in the genus in that evidently it is the only one that may bloom from the rhizome. All of the other 1500-1800 species bloom from the base of the leaf. The species is from the state of Chiapas in Mexico, and into Guatemala. The plant has largish 20-30cm
Pleurothallis johnsonii
Porroglossum josei
leaves that are broad and leathery, and the flowers are about 2-m long and hang in pendent clusters. The plant is best grown in a basket or on a mount, and although the plant is supposed to need intermediate conditions I know of plants that take down to 5 degrees C.
Porroglossum josei— This Ecuadorian species has been collected only once, and from what I understand only one plant was found. The genus Porroglossum holds about 25 or so species and is one of only three genera of Pleurothallids that have a sensitive ‘trig- ger’ lip. The insect pollinator lands on the labellum and it snaps
Porroglossum eduardii
Dresslerella sp.
upwards to trap the insect with the column (and it’s pollen). The species is named for Jose ‘Pepe’ Portilla of ‘Ecuagenera Orchids’ in Ecuador. The leaves are about 7-8cm long with a taller spike that flowers sequentially with 2cm blooms.
Porroglossum eduardii — This unique species is known from only one valley in southwest Colombia. For many years people grew this species but no one seemed able to bloom it. It has beautifully textured 5cm leaves that are spaced quite widely along a running rhizome, and it is my belief that it wasn’t until these plants grew larger and were able to run freely (often through neighbouring
Dresslerella sp. (Restrepia-like)
Restrepia brachypus
plants) that they started to bloom. I saw my first example of this species only a few years ago and have now seen several examples in bloom. The spike is taller than the plant, about 15-25cm, and can have 2 or 3 bright red-orange 2cm flowers open simultane- ously.
Dresslerella hirsutissima — This very cute species is one that I had wanted for many years before finally obtaining it. It belongs to a genus of about 10 species that are found in Central America into northwest South America. The plants are usually fuzzy- leaved and have somewhat succulent leaves. This species has 3-
Restrepia chocoensis
Restrepia chameleon
4cm smooth, grey-green leaves with dense purple pigment spot- ting on the underside, and the 15-18mm fuzzy flowers are some- what cupped. It grows quite well mounted and enjoys cool tem- peratures of 10 degrees C minimum.
Dresslerella sp. — This Ecuadorian species with its red slipper- like flower is one of two unidentified species of Dresslerella shown here. The plant has 8-10cm pendent leaves with the single 2.5cm flower resting at the base of the leaf. It was growing in a cool greenhouse belonging to Andy Phillips of Andy’s Orchids in Encinitas, California.
Myoxanthus punctatus
Masdevallia caudivolvula
Dresslerella sp. — Another Ecuadorian species, this plant was obtained by a friend of mine from “Ecuagenera Orchids’ several years ago but is apparently still unnamed. It has 4-Scm greyish- green leaves (it actually looks like a D. hirsutissima plant, but larger) that also have purplish spotting underneath, but the flower is not only larger at 2.5-3cm but also much flatter. As a matter of
fact, it looks quite a bit like a fuzzy Restrepia.
Restrepia brachypus — One of the 25-30 sometimes confusing species in the genus, this clone of Restrepia brachypus called ‘Floribunda’ is one of the choicest I have seen. The genus is one
Masdevallia manaloi
of my favourites, and one of their best attributes is the ability to make adventitious plantlets. The plants often carry these ‘keikis’, but if not, you can pull off a single leaf (and by the way, it should be one that has bloomed before) and pot it in sphagnum moss, fine bark, etc. inserted up to it’s leaf blade. Kept moist the leaf should sprout a plant, usually within 2-3 months. This species is from Colombia, and has a 5cm flower on a 20-25cm plant. An inter- esting ‘fragrance’ (odour) was noticed during one particularly heavy bloom of dozens of flowers, a very fetid fungus-like smell. Restrepia chameleon — This beautiful species is from Colombia, and seems to be fairly uniform in appearance (as far as this genus goes). The pale pink background colour to the synsepal is typical, as is the red striping. It may also come in a form with red spots but those are usually arranged in rows. It has 5-6cm flowers on a 17-20cm tall plant.
Restrepia chocoensis — This is without a doubt the most distinct species in the genus. It has a unique plant (unlike other Restrepias) and a unique flower. The leaf and ramicaul (the stem of the leaf) are about 20-25cm long, and the leaf is very narrow and quite succulent, similar to members of the genus Myoxanthus. The 2-2.5cm flower has distinct split tails unlike any other species in the genus. The plants in cultivation are believed to all be from the original 2 or 3 plants collected once years ago in Colombia, and evidently the species has not been rediscovered in nature. Myoxanthus punctatus — This plant is one of some 40 species in the genus that are found in Central and South America. The genus also contains some of the tallest of all Pleurothallids, with plants a meter tall. This one has plants closer to 8-12cm, the flower being Icm in length. This species is from southern Brazil. I saw plants growing and blooming outside under lath on the island of Hawaii, so I assume that it requires intermediate to warm condi- tions.
Masdeyvallia caudivolvula — This species stands alone in this genus of over 450 species. There are no other species of Masdevallia that have these amazing twisted tails. It is not exactly an easy species to keep alive though, but it does seem to prefer a cool greenhouse setting. The plants are about 15cm tall, and the bizarre flowers are approximately 3.5-5cm wide. It hails from Colombia.
athens Or ot Serr
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Masdevallia rubeola
Masdevallia manaloi — This Peruvian species is one that was dis- covered only fairly recently. It has the stunning proportions of a 10cm plant with 12+cm flower! The plant does well under cool conditions.
Masdevallia rubeola — One of the several species found in Bolivia in recent years, Masdevallia rubeola was found there in 1991 by Walter Teague. It has a Scm flower that has short, sharply
recurved tails and an oscillating lip (it belongs to the section Oscillantes). This is another cool growing species. Masdevallia chuspipatae — This is another Bolivian discovery,
Stelis sp.
hihi si
Masdevallia chuspipatae
also found by Walter Teague but this time during another trip in 1994. The plant was collected out of bloom, and I was fortunate to see it with its first flowers. It was named after its place of dis- covery, Chuspipata in Bolivia. It has a plant of 12-15cm in height, and has 10cm flowers that are wonderfully fragrant.
Stelis sp.—This plant was given to me by Walter Teague. It is just one of approximately 500 species in the genus. This plant is from Ecuador and has Icm flowers that are silvery on the front and dark maroon on the reverse. The species in this genus can be quite hard to identify, but most species of Stelis have largish, usually equal
Scaphosepalum fimbriatum
sized sepals, but very reduced petals and lip.
Zootrophion oblongifolium — This is a member of an unusual genus that when in bloom looks like nothing more than a bud. All ten or so species have only a slit or hole on either side of the flower where the insect pollinator gains access. This particular one is from Peru, and has a 12-15cm plant with a 2.5cm flower. It requires temperatures in the intermediate range. Scaphosepalum fimbriatum — { really like the photo of this incredible species. Although the flowers are only 10-15mm across, they are amazing. The flowers of all of the 30 or so species
Zootrophion oblongifolium —
in the genus are non-resupinate, but this species has long pendent spikes that hang under the 10cm leaves. The plants are usually in bloom at any given time. It is from Ecuador.
Scaphosepalum bicolor — 1 photographed this a few months ago in the greenhouses of J & L Orchids in Easton, Connecticut, and had never seen it before then. The plant was somewhere between 15-20cm tall and the flower was over 2.5cm. As with all Scaphosepalums, it has a sequential flowering inflorescence (there can be anywhere from a few to several flowers). It is a Colombian species, not commonly grown.
Scaphosepalum bicolor
Lepanthes medusae
Lepanthes medusae — The plants of this species are fairly tall, reaching 35cm or more. The flowers though, are not quite 2cm, and bloom on the backside of the leaf. This species is from Colombia and is one of approximately 1000 species in this amaz- ing genus.
Lepanthes saltatrix — A very striking species from Ecuador, this plant has incredibly intricate 1cm flowers that sit on a 2.5cm leaf that is beautifully patterned. It is closely related to Lepanthes calodictyon which is much more common in cultivation. The species seems to do well in intermediate to cool conditions, but it
Lepanthes caprimulgus
Lepanthes saltatrix
probably would not like it cooler than 12 degrees C.
Lepanthes caprimulgus — For a long time there were very few clones of this wonderful Peruvian species around, and this one, ‘Gorgeous Goobers’ was probably the best known. Recently some new importations have brought more examples into culti- vation. The plant is about 12cm tall and has a 15-18mm flower on a long wire-thin, pendent spike that often has a second flower. It has its own section in the genus.
Lepanthes helleri — There is some doubt as to the identification of this species, but regardless it is a very beautiful thing with it’s
Lepanthes helleri
Lepanthes hondurensis
cluster of jewel-like flowers sitting on a lovely somewhat cupped leaf. I could not find any information about the species, or find anyone who now grows it. To me though, it exemplifies the beauty of the genus.
Lepanthes hondurensis — The specific name, hondurensis means that the species is from Honduras, but evidently it also occurs in Guatemala, as that is where the plant photographed originated. It is a very lovely and vibrant species with its bright colours and large butterfly-like petals. This plant is being grown under cool conditions.
Restrepiopsis monetalis
Restrepiopsis monetalis — The specific name for this species means ‘like a coin’, and this beautiful species does have very round leaves. It is not the easiest plant to grow, but I feel it is the choicest of the 10 or so species. This plant is from Ecuador, and is about 10cm tall with 2-2.5cm flowers. It seems to grow best in intermediate to slightly cool conditions, and Restrepiopsis in gen- eral do well mounted.
Lepanthopsis floripecten — There are about 25 species in the genus, ranging from southern Florida into some of the Caribbean islands, Central America down into the Andean countries of
Dracula robledorum
Dracula alcithoe
South America. This particular plant, found in Guatemala, is about 12cm tall with a group of flowers that is roughly 2.5-3cm long. It prefers moist conditions with intermediate temperatures. Dracula robledorum — The genus Dracula has some 110 species, and the flowers of this genus are some of the most outstanding in the Pleurothallidinae. The flowers range from 2cm up to an amaz- ing 40cm long (including the tails)! One of the more striking species is D. robledorum, and this particular clone; ‘Burgundy Velvet’ received an AM (Award of Merit) of 82 points from the American Orchid Society. The plant is approximately 20-25cm
Dracula gorgona
Dracula fuligifera
tall, with a somewhat erect spike holding a downward-facing flower of 12-15cm long. This species, like so many of the Draculas is from Colombia.
Dracula alcithoe — This species is from southern Colombia and northern Ecuador, and is very similar to Dracula simia and there is a chance that the plant pictured is actually a colour form of that taxon from southern Ecuador. The plant was labelled as D. alcithoe, and it does differ in some regards from typical D. simia such as colour and spotting. Regardless, it is a spectacular flower, 15-25cm in length, with an ape-like face.
Dracula gorgona forma xanthina
Dracula sp.
Dracula fuligifera — This Ecuadorian endemic was described in 1991, with the specific epithet meaning, “bearing soot’, in reference to the blackish markings on the sepals. At one time it was thought to be acolour form of D. radiella. When photographing this species, you certainly have the feeling that you are being watched! Dracula gorgona — This is one of the most impressive of the Draculas, with its large and beautifully patterned flowers. It is prob- ably the species with the flattest flowers in the genus, and is also quite variable in colour and design. It is a Colombian species that stands about 20-25cm tall with flowers of roughly the same size.
Dracula vampira
Dracula kareniae
Dracula gorgona forma xanthina — This photograph shows an extremely rare xanthic (lacking red pigment) form of the species from the superb collection of John Leathers from Berkeley, California. Dracula sp.—This is an unnamed (as far as I know) species from Peru, only the second species found so far in that large country, the other being D. janetiae. The plant is in several collections in the San Francisco area, and I was fortunate to photograph it recently. The plant, was about 17-20cm tall, and the flower was about 15-17cm long.
Dracula kareniae — This is a somewhat new species, described in 1997, from Ecuador. It has campanulate (bell-shaped) flowers that are about 15cm, with long, thin tails. The flowers seem to have an unusually small lip in proportion to the rest of the flower. It is still uncommon in cultivation.
Dracula vampira — I feel this species is the most spectacular in the genus, and this clone ‘Bela Lugosi’ is incredible. Evidently the American Orchid Society judges thought so as it received a FCC from them! The flower when awarded was 40cm long, but one of the best growers of Pleurothallids in the United States, John Leathers, cannot get it to bloom any longer than 35cm! This Ecuadorian species (one of the few native there) has a plant of 20- 30cm, and the flowers can be anywhere from 15cm to the afore- mentioned 40cm long. As typical for Draculas, the plant should be grown in a basket.
I hope, with this article and accompanying photographs, that I have sparked some interest in this wonderful group of orchids, and since there are so many species, there is something for every- one’s taste and growing conditions. |
Ron Parsons Daly City, California, USA Email: flowershots@hotmail.com
| would like to thank the following friends and acquaintances for allowing me to photograph these amazing flowers: Steve Beckendorf, Brad Cotten, Ron Ehlers (of Petite Plaisance, Valley Ford, CA), Leonard Gines, Howard Gunn, Jim Hamilton (of Petite Plaisance), Cordelia Head (of J&L Orchids, Easton, CT), Jim Henrich (San Francisco Conservatory of Flowers), John Leathers (Hawk Hill Orchids), George Marcopoulus (San Francisco Conservatory of Flowers), Larry Moskovitz (of Orchidanica), Phil Muller, Andy Phillips (of Andy’s Orchids, Encinitas, CA), the late Lillian Severin, Walter Teague, Marni Turkel, Marguerite Webb (of J&L Orchids), and Lucinda Winn (of J&L Orchids).
15
Ponthieva tunguraguae
Eric Christenson and Marni Turkel illustrate a rarely seen Ecuadorian species in a rarely seen genus.
he genus Ponthieva comprises about
55 species distributed throughout the new world tropics, from the southeast United States and the West Indies to Bolivia. With just a few exceptions, the genus has been all but ignored by horticul- ture but Ponthieva includes quite a number of fascinating, if not downright showy, species that make charming additions to a mixed collection.
Ponthieva honors Henri de Ponthieu, a West Indian merchant who collected plants in the West Indies and sent them to Sir Joseph Banks in England in 1778. The genus is closely related to Baskervilla, another genus rarely seen in cultivation. Both genera are notable for having strongly asymmetric petals that arise from clawed bases that are partially fused to the column and the blades of the petals usually touch along their inner margins. The resulting image is of a pair of semaphores. Both genera also produce flowers that are not resupinate (1.e., the lip is uppermost in the flower). In Baskervilla the lips are sac-
. \ cate while in Ponthieva they are merely Ly is”. & AT'S mn cupped with a small apical lobe. A specimen plant of Ponthieva tunguraguae that obscures its 80mm Plants of Ponthieva are usually terres- pot. trial but a few species appear to be oblig- ate epiphytes, the latter usually have pen- dent, rather than erect, inflorescences. The leaves are produced in rosettes and although unmarked, several species have wonderfully “hairy” leaves (villose) that are interesting even when the plants are not in flower. Flowers are produced in racemes on long peduncles. The number of flowers on an inflorescence varies largely in relation to the size of the plant — smaller statured species have only a few flowers (+/- 10) while larger statured species have many flowers (> 25). Most species have flowers in combinations of white, yellow and green.
Historically, only one species, P. macu- lata Lindl. (Senghas, 1989) or one of the species confused with P. maculata (Bock, 1998; Dressler, 1998) has been cultivated. That changed with the arising of modern nurseries with propagation facilities becoming active in the tropics (Christenson, 2004) and a decided shift in what the orchid community considers beautiful. In the past, wild-collected plants of terrestrial orchids like Ponthieva rarely were exported from the tropics and when they were they largely suffered from severe desiccation during transportation. Now that established nursery-grown
16 The Australian.Orchid Review, October/November 2004
plants are available, genera like Ponthieva are making a noticeable appearance among species growers.
The subject of this note is an Ecuadorian species, P. tunguraguae that has entered cultivation as either an unknown species or mistakenly as P. maculata. In addition to technical and size differences in the flowers, the lateral sepals of P. maculata are white with bold dark green spotting and unlike the pinkish sepals with con- trasting green border of P. tunguraguae. Ponthieva tunguraguae, named for its type locality in the Province of Tungurahua, is a relatively recent addition to the genus and was only described by Leslie Garay in 1978. The original (type) specimen was collected along the Rio Negro but the exact provenance of recent living plants is unknown.
While not everyone’s cup of tea, P. tun- guraguae makes a charming, albeit diffi- cult to pronounce, addition to a species collection. The good news — at least for us Yanks — is that the Hoosier Orchid Company in Indianapolis, Indiana, reports abundant germination of this species in the laboratory. So we can rest assured that in just a few years this species will become widely available and well entrenched in horticulture. This is ex situ conservation at its best.
Aspects of Cultivation
Grow plants of Ponthieva in pots in a light terrestrial mixture or fine seedling- grade epiphyte mixture or in loosely packed sphagnum moss. Provide bright light, intermediate to cool-intermediate temperatures, and steady watering while in active growth. Most species have a dor- mancy following flowering when water should be reduced to a maintenance pro- gram but not discontinued.
Literature Bock, I. 1998. Ponthieva maculata Lindl. und Ponthieva brenesii Schltr. kri- tisch betrachtet. Die Orchidee 49(1):2-6. Christenson, E. A. 2004. Conservation
. o! - =
a race
Part of the inflorescence of Ponthieva tunguraguae. (Photo: D.P.
Banks)
in Action: Ecuagenera. Orchid Digest 68(2):114-117.
Dressler, R. L. 1998. The Ponthieva maculata complex and the neotypification of P. formosa Schltr. Bol. IBUG 5(1-3):82- 83.
Senghas, K. 1989. Ponthieva maculata 1845. Die Orchidee 40(2): Orchideenkartei Seite 561-562.
Eric Christenson, Ph.D., is a research taxonomist who actively promotes sensi- ble orchid conservation and writes fre- quently on horticultural species. He is co- author with David Bennett of the illus-
trated series JIcones Orchidacearum Peruviarum which has figured 800 species from Peru to date. ( 1646 Oak Street, Sarasota, Florida 34236, U.S.A. (e-mail: orchideric@juno.com) — Marni Turkel isa ~ professional potter and a hobbyist orchid grower. She is especially interested in cool-growing miniature species. A fre- quent lecturer, she writes a bi-monthly fea- ture “Well Worth the Space” for the AOS magazine Orchids. (Stony Point Ceramic Design, 2080 Llano Rd 1B, Santa Rosa, CA 95407, U.S.A. (e-mail: marni@ marni- turkel.com -— web site: www.marni- turkel.com). |
The Orchadian
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The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
ORcHIDACEOUS BooKs
Suppliers of Fine Orchid Literature Paphiopedilum Braem and Chiron Native Ecuadorian Orchids 1, 2, 3 and 4 Orchids of Borneo 4 Orchids of the Brazilian Central Plateau Linneaus The Compleat Naturalist John Lindley Stearn Pahpiopedilum in Taiwan Ill Slipper Orchids of Vietnam Phalaenopsis in Taiwan III For more information on this or any of our wide selection of titles please visit our web site: www.orchidaceousbooks.com.au. Catalogue available on request Grahame & Margaret Muller P.O. Box 4192, Tinana, Qld. 4650 Ph: 07 4122 1251 Fax: 07 4122 4539
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18
embers of the cosmopolitan genus
Liparis are not, generally, widely cultivated. Maybe this is because of the small flowers and the usually drab colouration. Liparis compressa is an exception to the above. This species has comparatively large blooms that are very brightly coloured. It is also quite easy to cultivate and the flowers are produced throughout the year with a peak in the late winter.
Carl Blume first named this plant as Malaxis compressa in 1825. Dr. John Lindley transferred the generic concept to Liparis in his Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants in 1830. The spe- cific epithet refers to the compressed rachis of the inflorescence. The habit of the rachis readily separates many species into section Distichae. At one time this section was also known as the genus Cestichus.
Liparis compressa is a widely distrib- uted species and it has been recorded from Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines. It gen-
Text and photo by Jim Cootes
erally grows as an epiphyte at elevations of between 800 and 1,800 metres. If there is one fault with this species it is the growth habit. The pseudobulbs are spaced on the rhizome at intervals of up to 10 centimetres, so a fairly large con- tainer is required to keep the roaming habit in check.
One of the good points for this plant is that it readily branches. My plant was purchased 2 years ago as a double lead division of three pseudobulbs in a 7.5- cm plastic pot. The plant is now in a 15- cm squat pot with 5 pseudobulbs and 5 new leading growths. Another plus is that each new growth bears an inflores- cence that will bear flowers for a very lengthy period. There was an inflores- cence on the plant when I purchased it and it is still blooming and more than 40 flowers have been produced over this period, with more to come.
The main feature of the flower is the labellum, which is about 1.4 cm long by 1 cm wide and wedge-shaped. The dor- sal and lateral sepals are slightly
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
reflexed, lanceolate, to 1.2 cm long by 3 mm wide. The petals are linear, reflexing badly, to 1 cm long by 1 mm wide. The flowers are bright orange in colour and most eye-catching.
I grow this beautiful species in a plas- tic pot in a mix of fine grade bark, which is not allowed to dry out. The glasshouse is kept at 12 degrees Celsius during the winter months. High humidity, constant air movement and 50% shade will have this plant growing to perfection. Regular applications of both organic and inor- ganic fertilisers are beneficial for the plant.
This is a plant well worth seeking out. It is an easy grower with attractive blooms and if you live in the north of Australia it should grow like a weed.
Reference:
Comber J. 2001. Orchids of Sumatra. Natural History Publications (Borneo).
Jim Cootes Email: jecootes@ozemail.com.au
A Language Trap —
Phragmipedium caudatum, Phrag. warszewiczianum,
Phrag. humboldtit.
by Dr. Guido J. Braem' & Sandy Ohlund?
Key words
Cypripedioideae, Cypripedium,
C. caudatum, C. humboldti,
C. warszewiczianum, American tropics, nomenclature, Orchidaceae, Phragmipedium, P. caudatum,
P. humboldtii, P. warszewiczianum, taxonomy.
Abstract
The pitfalls of interpreting botanical lit- erature in a language not fully mastered are discussed. Atwood & Dressler misin- terpreted a German publication by the younger Reichenbach published in 1854. The article in question is discussed in detail, and it is shown that Reichenbach fil. did not publish, nor did he intend to pub- lish a botanical entity under the name of “Cypripedium Humboldti”. A transfer of that entity to the genus Phragmipedium by Atwood & Dressler is therefore obsolete.
Introduction
The problem of different languages in taxonomy is not a new one. On several occasions in the past (Braem, Baker & Baker 1998, Braem & Chiron 2003, and in numerous lectures) the senior author has pointed out that taxonomy is not endemic to any country or language region. Thus, often the botanist is confronted with descriptions that are not written in his/her native tongue. The present case is a good example of what can happen when taxon- omy is based on literature that was pub- lished in a language one does not master.
Discussion
Phragmipedium caudatum is one of the best-known species of this genus of mag- nificent neotropical slipper orchids. In fact, it is the type of the genus. The plant was described as Cypripedium caudatum by John Lindley in 1840 and transferred to the genus Phragmipedium by Rolfe in 1896.
Atwood and Dressler (1998) reviewed the plants belonging to this complex and came to the conclusion that the Mesoamerican plants of this species
1 Research Associate — California Academy of Sciences & Director, Schlechter Institute, Lahnau, Germany.
2 Associate Professor, Holy Cross College, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
should be referred to as Phragmipedium humboldtii (Warsz. ex Rchb-f.) J.T. Atwood & Dressler. This conclusion, how- ever, is based on a flagrant misinterpreta- tion of the original German text of a pub- lication by the younger Reichenbach enti- tled “Neue Orchideen der Expedition des Herrn J. de Warszewicz.” (Reichenbach fil. 1852). In that paper, Reichenbach, when dealing with a plant sent to him as “Cypripedium humboldti” by von Warszewicz, reviews the concept of Cypripedium caudatum and establishes Cypripedium warszewiczianum.
Atwood & Dressler review the Reichenbach paper and write (loc. cit.): “Interestingly enough, there is a descrip- tion, preceding the original description of Cypripedium warszewiczianum Rchb.f. that has been ignored by all: Cypripedium humboldti Warsz. ex Rchb.f. A translation of the German and Latin reveals why no one has wanted to deal with this name.”
Three questions follow out of that state-
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
ment: a) did Reichenbach really describe a “Cypripedium humboldti”?, b) is the translation presented by Atwood & Dressler correct?, and c) if not, what con- clusions are to be made?
Mere mention of a Latin name in any 19th century publication, be it scientific, horticultural, or a seed list, is generally accepted as valid publication ofa taxon. In most cases the question whether the author intended valid publication in the botanical sense cannot be ascertained and is gener- ally regarded to be of little importance. For that reason, Atwood & Dressler would be right in their interpretation if there were no other facts that speak clearly against it. These facts, however, cannot be recog- nised and/or understood by anyone who is not familiar with the characteristics and finesses of the German language. Furthermore, some serious mistakes in the translation of Reichenbach’s phrasing obviously have misled Atwood & Dressler.
Original Text
Cypripedium Humboldti Wszwcz.
Ich besitze ein Exemplar und eine Abbildung vom Autor. Ich verglich dieselbe mit den Exemplaren des C. cau- datum von Ruiz, mit der Abbildung in Hook Ic. VII. 628. Paxton Fl. G. 9. Auch ich glaube an mehrere Arten, wie Hr. von W. — Die Pflanze unsres Reisenden ist aber genau dieselbe, welche in Hook. Ic. vor- liegt; dieselbe, welche Ruiz sammelte. Nach einer schlechten Blithe letzterer stellte Hr. Prof. Lindley sein C. caudatum auf: ich kenne dieselbe Pflanze in guten Exemplaren, also genauer als der Autor selbst und behalte flr sie den Namen. — Von dieser unterscheidet sich die Pflanze Fl. Gard. t. 9. vor allem durch ein quer zweilappiges steriles Staubgefass. Die Abbildung ist sehr deutlich und Hr. Prof. L. sagt ausdricklich: stamine sterili trans- verso bilobo apicibus setosis.
Die Abbildung in Hook. Ic. Dagegen zeigt deutlich dasselbe Organ dreilappig, wie ich es immer gefunden. Obschon ich héchst selten Pflanzen nach fremden Abbildungen und Beschreibungen unter- scheide, so versteht es sich doch von selbst, dass ich einer Abbildung und Beschreibung des Hrn. Prof. Lindley ver- traue. — Ich setze die Diagnosen beider so:
The original German text is most cer- tainly not easy to interpret by someone who is not familiar with the difficulties of German grammar. For someone versed in German, however, it is very clear that
Cypr. caudatum Lindl. Orch. 5. 31.: phyllo supremo lato oblongo acuto, inferi- ori subaequali, latiori, phyllis internis a latiori basi linearibus longissimis, calceo oblongo ventricoso abbreviate margine ostii pilis velutino, stamine sterili trilobo. — Hook. Ic. |. c. C. Humboldti? v. Wszwez.‘ “Bluthen stark gelb, rotnervig, Lippe pur- purfleckig.”
In Peruv. Andium nemoribus. Ruiz! (Herb. Berol.!) In Quercubus montium Chiriqui. De Warszewicz.!
20
Cypripedium Humboldti Wszwcz. [ex Rchb.f]
| have a specimen and a drawing by the author. | compare the same with speci- mens of C. caudatum of Ruiz, [and] with the illustration in Hook Ic. VII. 628 [actually this should read ‘658’]. Paxton FI. G. 9. Also | believe in more species as does Mr. Von W[arszewicz]. The plant of our trav- eler is but exactly the same, which is sub- mitted in Hook. Ic.; the same which Ruiz collected. After a bad flower of the latter, Professor Lindley erected his C. cauda- tum: | know the same plant in good spec- imens, also exactly as the author himself kept the name for the plant. — From this the plant in Fl. Gard. T. 9 is distinguished principally by the transversely two lobed staminode. The illustration is very distinct, and Mr. Professor L. says explicitly: sta- minode transversely bilobed, setose at the apex. The illustration in Hook. Ic., on the other hand, evidently shows the same organ three lobed, as | always find it. Although | most rarely distinguish plants after foreign illustration and descriptions, nevertheless it stands as self evident that | trust an illustration and description by Mr. Professor Lindley. | place the diagnoses of two [species] thus.
Reichenbach identified the Warszewicz plant as identical with the plants of “Cypripedium caudatum” collected by Ruiz and the plant depicted in Hooker’s Icones. Reichenbach also states that this
Cypr. caudatum Lindl. Orch. 5. 31.: dorsal sepal broadly oblong acute. Synsepal similar but broader. Petals very long, linear from a broader base. Pouch oblong, inflated, the margin around the aperture with short hairs, causing a vel- vet-like surface. Staminode three-lobed — Hooker. /cones plantarum. locus citatus. “C. Humboldti v. Wszwcz.”
[This is not to be read as “C. Humbolati variety Wszwcz. It is a reference to the plant designated as “C. Humboldti” by von Warszewicz.]
“Flowers deep yellow, veined red. Lip spotted purple.”
In the forests of the Peruvian Andes. Ruiz! (Herb. Berol.! [Berlin Herbarium, lost by act of war]) Chiriqui Mountains. De Warszewicz! [Why Reichenbach uses the French nobility prefix “de” instead of the German “von” is unknown.]
Atwood & Dressler (1998) Correct Translation
Cypripedium Humboldti Wszwcz.
| have aspecimen and a drawing by the author. | did compare the specimen and the drawing with specimens of C. cauda- tum collected by Ruiz, and with the illus- trations in Hooker’s /cones plantarum VII. 628 [actually this should indeed read ‘658'] and Paxton’s Flower Garden, 1: t. 9. | agree with Mr. von W[arszewicz] in that there is more than one species involved. The plant of our traveler is, however, exactly the same as the one illustrated in Hooker’s [cones plantarum, and the same as the plant that was collected by Ruiz. Prof. Lindley described his C. caudatum on the basis of a damaged flower. As | know the same plant from good speci- mens, | know it better than the author [Lindley] and retain its name. The plant depicted in Paxton’s Flower Garden, tab. 9 is, however, different, especially in respect to the staminode, which shows a staminode that is transversely two-lobed. The illustration is very distinct, and Prof. Lindley explicitly states [in the Latin text]: staminode transversely bilobed, setose at the apex. The illustration in Hooker's Icones plantarum, on the other hand, clearly shows a plant with a three-lobed staminode, as | always find it.
Although | most rarely distinguish plants on the basis of drawings and descriptions that have not been made by myself, it is self-evident that | trust Prof. Lindley’s drawing and description. | define the two species as follows.
taxon was originally described as Cypripedium caudatum by Lindley in 1840. This also becomes very evident in the first of the two species descriptions [‘Diagnosen’].
Reichenbach unmistakably lists “C. [ypripedium] Humboldti” as a syn- onym for “Cypr.[ipedium] caudatum Lindl.” Thus, the heading “Cypripedium Humboldti Wszwez.” in Reiechenbach’s general text is not to be understood as the description of a new taxon, but as a dis- cussion of the plant sent to Reichenbach fil. under that designation by von Warszewicz. This is confirmed by Reichenbach’s treatment of the genus Selenipedium in the first volume of his Xenia Orchidacea, published in 1854. There, on page 3, he lists “C. Humboldti Wzw” as synonym to Selenipedium cau- datum. Interesting also is that he writes “C. Humboldti Wzw”, and not “C. Humboldti Rchb.f.” or “C. Humboldti Wzw ex (and/or) Rchb.f.) thus indicating that he did not describe that entity in 1852.
On the other hand, Reichenbach clari- fies that the plant depicted in Paxton’s Flower Garden, t. 9, is not identical with
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
Cypr. Warszewiczianum: _ phyllo supremo oblongo acuto-acuminato, infe- riori subaequali, basi latiori, longiori, phyl- lis internis a latiori basi linearibus longis- simis; calceo oblongo margine versus basin glanduloso serrato, stamine sterili transverso bilobo apicibus _ setosis. Cyp. caudatum Lindl. Fl. Gard, |. 9. p. 31. — Wahrscheinlich ist dies das C. cauda- tum, welches in the Stimpfen wachst (marshy places.).
the plant sent by von Warszewicz because of the distinct difference in the morphol- ogy of the staminode (two-lobed versus three-lobed). Therefore, this plant is not identical with Lindley’s original Cypripedium caudatum and needed to be re-described. This is Reichenbach’s second species: C.[ypripedium] warsze- wiczianum, now referred to as Phrag- mipedium warszewiczianum (Reichen- bach fil.) Garay.
Conclusions
In his treatment of the plants sent to him by von Warszewicz, the younger Reichenbach discussed an entity sent under the name of “Cypripedium Humboldti”. As Reichenbach clearly identified the von Warszewicz plant with the original Cypripedium caudatum as published by Lindley in 1840 and as dis- cussed and illustrated by Hooker in his Icones for 1844, Reichenbach did not describe nor did he intend to describe “Cypripedium Humboldti” as an autonomous species. To the contrary, Reichenbach explicitly put “Cypripedium Humboldti” within the synonymy of Cypripedium caudatum Lindley 1840.
The transfer of “Cypripedium Humboldti” to “Phragmipedium hum- boldtii” by Atwood & Dressler and their reduction of Phrag. exstaminodium to a subspecies of “Phrag. humboldtii” are therefore obsolete.
Reichenbach, however, does acknowl- edge von Warszewicz’s view that “several species are involved” [in the Cypr. cauda- tum complex], and recognises the plant depicted by Paxton & Linden in Paxton’s Flower Garden under the name of Cyp. caudatum as a separate entity at the species level. He describes this latter species as “Cyp. Warszewiczianum>” . (We
3 The usual spelling in the 19th century was with a single “i”.
4 See our comments in square brackets in the transla- tion.
5 In Reichenbach’s day, species designations based on the name of an individual were capitalised. This is no longer done today. When citing the old authors, we leave the capitalisation and put the names in quota- tion marks. In our own text, we do not capitalise species names, no matter what their linguistic origin may be.
Cypr. warszewiczianum: dorsal sepal oblong, acute-acuminate, synsepal simi- lar but longer with a larger base, petals very long and linear from a broader base; pouch oblong, the margins near the base saw-edged, staminode transversely two-lobed, the tips beset with bristles. Cyp. caudatum Lindl. Fl. Gard, |. 9. p. 31. — This probably is the C. caudatum that grows in marshy places.
will clarify the identity of all species involved in this group in a following article.) |
Phragmipedium warszewiczianum from Paxton’s Flower Garden
Literature cited
Atwood, J.T. & Dressler, R.L. (1998) Clarifications and new combinations in the Phragmipedium cauda- tum complex from Central America. - Selbyana, 19(2) 1245-248.
Braem, G.J., Baker, M. & C. Baker, 1998. The genus Paphiopedilum - Natural History and ey eu Botanical Publishers Inc., Kissimmee,
Braem, G.J. & G.R. Chiron, 2003. Paphiopedilum— Tropicalia, Voreppe, France. Hooker, W. J. (1844) Icones plantarum: Cypupedin caudatum Lindl. tab. 658-659. indley, J. (1840) The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants, p. 531.
Lindley, J. & Paxton, J. (1850) Paxton’s Flower Garden: The long-tailed Ladyslipper (Cypripedium caudatum), tab. 9, pp. 37-40.
Reichenbach, H.G. (1852) Neue Orchideen der Expedition des Herrn J. de Warszewicz. — Botanische Zeitung, 10(40): 689-698.
Reichenbach, H.G. (1854) Xenia Orchidacea, 1: 3. - Rolfe, R.A. (1896) The Cypripedium Group. — The Orchid Review, 4: 327-334.
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By Graeme S. Banks OAM Vt was in 1969 that I obtained my first 4icomplex Paphiopedilum hybrid and such was the effect that the genus had on my orchid growing activities that I started to dabble in hybridising within these slip- per orchids some two to three years later. During the first 10 years or so the word ‘dabble’ was definitely the right one because, whilst I was then able to flask and raise the seeds produced, the resultant flowerings left a lot to be desired. Nothing very good came of it all!
However I persevered and over time I was able to get together a few good breed- ing clones so that from the early 1980s results started to improve dramatically. I had now reached the stage where I was having the seed/seed pods sent out for pro- fessional flasking so I was getting more seedlings to grow on to flowering. Currently I make around 100 crosses each flowering season (for me May through to August) which gives me 25 or so seed pods
that make it through the hot summer months to achieve maturity in mid to late April. I like to take the pods off a week or so after the first ‘chill’ comes through in April (occasionally I have to wait until sometime in May).
The request with all of the pods I send out for processing is that, if possible, I get back 200/250 seedlings — say 10 replate flasks. With some of the crosses though I am lucky if I get a few seedlings in just one flask; thanks to the complexities of the genetics involved. I now grow all of the seedlings on until they flower.
The above information is essentially to
set the scene for the main thrust of what
LARGE RANGE OF FLASKS this article is all about! All of the complex (exhibition type) Paphiopedilums are grown under the fol-
Disa seedlings 22’s - $ 37.50, 11’s $20.00. Australian Cymbidium species and hybrids: 33’s - $50.00, 25’s - $37.50, (MRPAMAFaTor Tet Co TSS MTS oelMES are entce
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Selected show bench, pot plant and cut flower Cymbidium clones and seedlings: $40.00 per 33, $32.00 per 25, $18.00 per 12 plants in flask.
Australian native terrestrial orchids - commercial and hobbyist’ Pettis eke Meer allowed Go alsy all = TUL aa : they do not stay wet as an open mix of quantities available. medium and/or small treated bark is used.
FOR LISTS: All watering is ‘overhead’ — thanks to our ‘ current water restrictions this has to now
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Over the years the temperature range
a e-mail: western@arcom.com.all experienced in the growing area has been
AOR 149 from —2 degrees C through to +47 degrees
22 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
C and every summer and winter brings its +40 degree C and 0 degree C temperatures. Repotting, where needed and including planting out of community pots, is com- menced about a week or so after the short- est day, which means July and August, are always very active months for me with the Paphs.
The only spraying for pest/diseases is in respect of the black spot (akin to the black spot which affects roses) — the generally very favourable growing conditions seem to keep pests away and these days the plants do not get the ‘rots’ that can severely debilitate or kill plants. Over the years those that have shown symptoms of
such rots have just been allowed to die I guess — they certainly have never found their way into my breeding program! In fact even those that are susceptible to black spot on their leaves are also excluded from breeding.
The effect of all this is that over the past many years/couple of decades I have been breeding with plants, which have proven that they can cope very well with, the harsh conditions imposed upon them. Also the seedlings that did not have the stamina just did not make it through to flowering. Every seedling that I flower has had to overcome the trials and tribulations of four to five years of at times harsh temperature
conditions.
The end result is that now I can consis- tently flower good show bench complex Paphiopedilums in the middle of winter without the need for any heating or ‘srooming’ of flowers to assist them to open properly. In fact they all grow just a well as the few plants of Paphiopedilum insigne [have with them. Also, as I flower all of the seedlings, I am able to reap the benefits of the breeding undertaken as I get to keep all the very good ones. |
Graeme Banks OAM Northmead, NSW Email: gsbanks@ozemail.com.au
aT Ibo n DULDG oph
ayll UM t
Se |) ie Sat ae ee lindleyanum —
Bizarre and Beautiful Text and photos by Jim Cootes
G'ome orchids we only ever see in illus- trations, so if the chance arrives to secure a plant, or two, of these illustrated plants we grab it with both hands.
I first saw this orchid back in the 1980s whilst browsing through the Bulbophyllum volume of the late Dr. Gunnar Seiden- faden’s Orchid Genera in Thailand. My immediate thought was I wouldn’t mind growing that species, if I could ever get a few plants. It has plenty going for it; a small-growing plant; plenty of flowers on the inflorescence even though the blooms are not big; nice colouration of the flowers; and it is quite unusual when compared to many other Bulbophyllum species because the front surface of the dorsal and lateral sepals are covered with short white hairs.
The chance for a trip to Thailand in 2001 had me searching the catalogues for desirable orchid species to try and obtain whilst in the country. One of the species on the top of the list was Bulbophyllum lind- leyanum. Unfortunately I was only able to get three plants and what with the barbaric treatment any plant receives from the Australian Quarantine department, on importation, I think I was extremely lucky to eventually end up with two plants.
Plant History and Taxonomy:
William Griffith named this lovely species in 1851 in Notulae 3. The specific epithet honours Dr. John Lindley, the great orchid taxonomist of the mid 1800s. Bulbophyllum lindleyanum is a member of the section Hirtula as described by Dr. Henry Ridley in 1908.
Plant Description:
Growth Habit: Upright, sympodial. Rhizome: to 4 mm in diameter, bearing the pseudobulbs from about 1 cm apart to almost touching. Pseudobulbs: conical, to 2 cm tall by 2.5 cm in diameter; bearing a
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
23
single leaf, which lasts for two years.
Leaves: elliptic to narrowly ovate; to 16 cm long by 2.8 cm wide; of a thin texture. Inflorescence: upright, usually longer than the leaves; bearing up to 25 flowers about 1.1 cm in diameter. The inflorescence is
produced in the autumn and the flowers open all at once towards the end of winter. Flower colour: base colour is white; lateral and dorsal sepals are striped, and tipped with blackish purple; petals have a single green stripe; labellum is white. Dorsal
“The Orchid Centre of Australia” sepal: ovate, to 6 mm long by 3 mm wide; inner surface covered with short white a sala H H hairs as is th edge. Petals: elliptic Mail Order Specialists Australia Wide eeteceeseanincenet o rti dged with short hairs. Retail, Wholesale and Export aerial ataxia long by 3.5 mm wide; inner surface cov- eure d with short white hairs as are the oute Free “Regular Plant Listing” on request. [Reenter eas ovate; to 3 mm long by tHe mm Wilels Free “Community Pot Listing” on request. Fee ee
Habitat and Distribution:
Recorded from Myanmar (formerly Burma) and Thailand. It grows as an epi- phyte, in old rubber plantations among limestone hills at low elevations.
Free “Premier Selection and Imported Plant Listing” on request.
Priests Road (PO Box 96) Nursery Hours Deception Bay, Brisbane, Qld 4508 Wed. to Sat. -— 9 am to 4 pm Cultivation:
Ph (07) 3888 3637 Fax (07) 38885271 Closed: Sun., Mon., Tues. Because this plant is from low eleva- E-Mail: aranbeem@optusnet.com.au & Public Holidays
tions it can be safely assumed that in its native habitat there is a distinct wet and dry season. My plants are grown at a min- imum of 12 degrees Celsius during the winter, but I am certain they would do much better if the winter minimum were kept above 16 degrees Celsius. The humidity is always kept high and there is constant air movement with 50% shade. The plants are kept dryer during the cooler months. They are fertilised regularly with both organic and inorganic fertilisers at half of the manufacturer’s recommenda- tion. The plants are grown on a mount of natural cork bark, with a little sphagnum moss along the rhizome to keep the base of the plant damp and encourage root growth. If the plant is happy in its surroundings it will soon attach itself to the intended host with the fine wiry roots. Close-up photos taken by the author of his clone in cultiva-
- etl f : ; > @ > : j ‘ ‘OR PLDC 2 R ot VEr ay ONE gl “Pegs tion. David Banks took the image of the ci. iv 5 entire plant in bloom in the private collec- Ph: 02 6682 2635 3 ron eve Woodburn 24 | ete atiesy faints Garehiis Clase)
WWW. EASYORCHIDS.COM ies References:
Dockrill A.W. 1969. Australian Indigenous. Orchids Volume 1. The Society For Growing Australian Plants.
Seidenfaden G. 1979. Orchid Genera in Thailand VU — Bulbophyllum. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv.
Vermeulen J.J. 2002. A Taxonomic Revision of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) 2. Sections Altisceptrum and Hirtula. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 54. O
Jim Cootes Email: jecootes@ozemail.com.au
24 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
Sphagnum Moss as a Potting Medium
by Brian Milligan
r Australia, pine bark is undoubtedly the most common ingredient of orchid potting mixes, especially for cymbidiums, Australian native dendrobiums and Sarcochilus but Sphagnum moss is gaining popularity as a potting mix for many other genera.
Sphagnum moss grows in swamps or bogs, where it may form layers many feet deep. It is widely distributed in the northern hemi- sphere but grows only in sub-alpine zones in Australia and New Zealand. The most com- mon species, and the only one harvested commercially, is Sphagnum cristatum. It is found in mountain bogs in Victoria, New South Wales, the ACT and Tasmania. The growth rate in Tasmania varies between 4 and 42 mm per annum.
Dehydrated Sphagnum moss can absorb 10-20 times its weight of water. The moss is relatively sterile and for this reason it was used as a dressing for burns and other wounds during the First World War. It’s believed to contain anti-fungal substances, and it is there- fore a useful medium for newly deflasked orchid seedlings. It dries out much more slowly than other potting media, and there- fore watering should not be as frequent as with other potting mixes.
The moss is usually supplied commer- cially either as dehydrated material or as liv- ing material straight from the bog. Dehydrated moss usually takes several days to reconstitute. To avoid breaking the strands, squirt the moss with water occasionally over a day or two before unravelling them. The moss is then best stored in foam boxes kept in good light, and watered occasionally, prefer- ably with rainwater. Material straight from the moss bog is ready to use immediately.
Any orchid that requires a fairly constant level of moisture seems to do well planted in moss. Masdevallias, odontoglossums and Colombian “miltonias” (Miltoniopsis species and their hybrids) grow better for me in pot- ting mixes containing moss than they for- merly did in pine bark. Disas, especially, grow better in moss than in other mixes.
Many growers prefer to use a mix of Sphagnum moss and crumbed polystyrene foam, generally in the ratio 2:1 or 1:1 by vol- ume. It leads to improved drainage and also saves money because polystyrene foam is cheaper than moss. It’s usual to cut the moss into 10 mm lengths before mixing it with the foam. I use ‘straight’ uncut moss for my disas but prefer a moss/foam mix for most other orchids. Squeeze as much moisture as possi- ble from the moss before use. It then doesn’t need to be packed so tightly in the pot, because it swells when the pot is subse- quently watered.
Moss is an effective potting medium only if it is alive. For this reason it’s important not to apply high concentrations of liquid fertilis- ers, as these will kill moss. I suggest no more than a quarter of the manufacturer’s recom- mended concentration. (150-200 ppm for those with a Truncheon conductivity meter). Heavily chlorinated water and water contain- ing high levels of salt also kill Sphagnum moss. Melbourne tap water is satisfactory but rainwater is better. For best results plants should be re-potted annually, otherwise the
lower levels of moss gradually die and become soggy, causing the mix to drain too slowly.
Sphagnum moss is an effective medium for striking cymbidium back-bulbs and those of many other orchids. It can also be used to encourage root growth in Australian native dendrobium keikis. Another use is to revive sick orchids. Plants that have lost their roots, as the result of rot or other causes should be re-potted in moss in as small a pot as they will comfortably fit. After watering, the pot can be sealed in a plastic bag to conserve moisture, in which case no further watering is neces- sary. This treatment often leads to the growth of new roots. But not always — Sphagnum moss is a great potting medium but it can’t work miracles! oO
Brian Milligan Email: brianmilligan @iprimus.com.au
DARK STAF ORCHIDS Open Day-
Sunday 5th DECEMBER 2004 open 9.00am - 4.00pm
@ 183 Windsor Road, Northmead
next to “The Home Team” (Please park in Mary St. or Windermere Ave.)
Orchids from DARK STAR (Hans Schaible) - featuring Flowering Orchids, including African Species and Angraecoids Paphiopedilum and Phragmipedium Species & Hybrids Lycastes, Vandaceous plus Interesting Miscellaneous Species
Also available — Collectable Plants from Hills District Orchids Including Clivias, Nepenthes, Haworthias and Tillandsias and Orchid Accessories from Tinonee Orchids, including Bark & Potting Mix, Hangers, Pots, Fertiliser, Cork, Treefern, Easy Clips, Labels etc.
ORDER NOW - Pick Up on the Day
Further details contact Hans Schaible (Dark Star Orchids) 6564-4088
David Banks (Hills District Orchids) on 9674-4720 or 0412-123036 email: dpbanks@ozemail.com.au
Ray Clement (Tinonee Orchids) 6553-1012 Free tea and coffee. Stay for the lunchtime sausage sizzle.
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
25
“Old”? is New Again
by Joan Burke
y my observation at orchid shows, and
noted in various articles, it seems that species cymbidiums, long looked on as the ‘poor relations’ are at last deservedly being respected for their true worth.
I well remember when those “old ones” were being relegated to the incinerator or the compost bin. Now they’re being sought after and cherished. For without those “wild” cymbidiums there could be none of the bewildering array of desirable hybrids currently being offered. And win- ning awards.
Readers who have an affection for the “old ones” will appreciate the delight I experienced when one of my writing stu- dents presented me with four glorious spikes of Cymbidium lowianum blooms. Minimum number of blooms per spike was 12. I’ve read that this species’ inflo- rescence may at times be up to 1.5 metres long, and can carry up to 20 blooms.
In the late Jim Rentoul’s book Growing Orchids Cymbidiums and _ Slippers (Lothian Publishing, Melbourne: 1980) he reports the author Lewis Castle (writing in about 1887) as having remarked on the longevity of C. lowianum blooms thus: “..affords an extraordinary instance of durability...in 1883 opened its flowers on December 26 and the same plant was shown in excellent condition at the Royal Botanic Society’s Show, June 18, 1884”. That ‘fine specimen’ belonged to Mr Cobb, Silverdale Lodge, Sydenham.
Rentoul suggested added to the quota- tion should be that “... gardeners who looked after orchid collections in England ‘in that era’... put time and thoroughness into cultivation.” Although humble men they were expert at their craft.
In the English translation (Studio Vista Publications, Great Britain: 1972) of Orchid Care by William Richter the intro- duction by E. Launert & P.F. Hunt ends on a cautionary note to make certain — before you’re too old — that your orchid collection is given ‘pride of place’ in your will. And to make provision for its immediate care after your demise.
They go on to say that while we grow and care for our orchids we pay little atten- tion to how they may appreciate in value. I’m sure most growers see money as a sec- ondary consideration, that is until a bank Statement can give one a rather nasty shock! Did I REALLY spend that much on those new plants? However, we all know the growing of these beauties brings great relaxation and pleasure.
Joan Burke 23 Duncan Drive, Pakenham Vic. 3810
26
Rare Orchid Zone Blasted
by Danny Rose (The Mercury, Tasmania — 8th September 2004)
fter defending its use of dynamite in a
Tasmanian World Heritage Area, the State Government has confirmed that a threatened species was living in the blast- zone.
The Snug Greenhood orchid (Pterostylis atriola), which is listed as an endangered species and found only in Tasmania, is known to grow in the Blowhole Valley of the Southwest Wilderness World Heritage Area.
State Government spokesman Craig Martin confirmed yesterday the orchids were growing in the area where 13 holes were blasted recently to create water catchments.
This followed an allegation by Greens leader Peg Putt that dynamite was used without proper departmental talks involv- ing the State Government’s Nature Conservation Branch.
“The Nature Conservation Branch was
consulted,” Mr Martin said.
“And every step has been taken to ensure the orchids were not affected.”
The Government has announced the water catchments, each about 2m wide, would be used during a controlled burn-off to address the fire risk to bushwalkers.
Mr Martin said the burn-off would also help regenerate the orchids and encourage them to spread.
Ms Putt said yesterday those who approved the blasting of the holes did not go through the proper procedures and it was sad and ironic it had come to light dur- ing Threatened Species Week.
“The Snug Greenhood is only found in Tasmania, in six small sites,’ Ms Putt said
yesterday. “One of which is in the Blowhole Valley and they could have blown it up.” a
* The Mercury, Tasmania — 8th September 2004
VALE:
John Gulbis
t is with much sadness that I have to
announce the passing of John Gulbis on Thursday 9th September 2004.
John and his wife Melita founded CECIL PARK ORCHIDS back in the 1950’s. John started growing orchids at St Marys and eventually moved to the famous Cecil Park site on Wallgrove road. John and Melita were one of Australia’s greatest cymbidium growers and hybridisers. Over the years they made many hundreds of crosses. They pioneered the breeding of early export quality cymbidiums. Their Stanley Fouraker and Fred Stewart crosses became famous. Even their early diploid crosses using Kalang, Balbinus, Lirio etc produced export quality blooms.
Over the years they exported to most countries of the world. Their blooms were sort after by most overseas importers. The clonal names like — Melita, Inese, Wallgrove and Cecil Park became world famous.
John was very generous in his support to our local orchid societies such as Parramatta and District, Bankstown, Australian Cymbidium and Blue Mountains Orchid Societies. For many years he supplied seedlings to these societies for free, for their lucky door and raffles. He passed on cultural infor- mation to all who needed it. For those who visited the “FARM” always received a warm welcome and a cup of tea and a seedling to take home. If you arrived late on a Saturday afternoon near
knock off time, a whisky or brandy was always on hand!
When Spring and Winter Shows were on, plants were always available plus trucks to transfer the plants to the rele- vant shopping centres!
In the early days he was one of the backbone members of the then Cymbidium Orchid Exporters Association. Without his support the packing shed would not have been built.
Today the old “CECIL PARK” site is under the new orbital freeway. So itis no more. Some years ago John and Melita sold the “FARM” and moved to Castle Hill where he built a small hothouse and shade house to continue growing his famous clones of Phalaenopsis and cymbidiums.
I for one am very grateful for know- ing the Gulbis family. I first met them at a Parramatta orchid society meeting in the early 60’s and as time went by I worked with John till the late 80’s. These were fabulous orchid years. Those years I will never forget, as this knowledge I now pass on to all growers —new and old. I will miss him as I still saw him on a reasonably regular basis and we still discussed the breeding of our orchids.
One thing for sure, he will have a lot of orchids to look after up in heaven. God Bless — John. oO
Alan and Miriam Merriman
Email: mirannorchids@pnc.com.au
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
Mick Keith — Townsville’s 2004 Australia Day Achievement Award
Mi began his love and study of orchids, with their intricate and unique life-styles in 1960 with his first orchid plant, namely Cattleya skinneri. This orchid was imported from South America where it grew wild in the jungle. It is a very beautiful species of orchid with large clusters of mauve flowers. Mick was hooked and his orchid growing became his all-encompassing passion.
His knowledge of orchids was growing and he joined the Townsville Orchid Society and soon became an active mem- ber, attending the study groups, general and committee meetings and field days. He would offer his backyard for the hold- ing of their barbecues or morning teas. He has since spent much of his life in and around orchids and orchid people. During this time he had established a full-time Orchid Nursery and a Plant shop, which his wife managed in Flinders Street West. His two sons were also involved and the nursery had a staff of ten including family. They had a large display of orchids and other plants at The Townsville Agricultural & Pastoral Association annual show for many years.
He worked with the Department of Primary Industries importing orchids from other countries through his own Quarantine Houses. Keith’s Nursery imported orchids from India, Thailand, Singapore, The Philippines, Taiwan, Madagascar and other countries. They became Agents for Beall’s Orchids of Seattle, America.
Keith’s Nursery had their own Laboratory where many orchids were pro- duced in flasks. These flasks and other orchid plants were distributed around Australia and exported around the world. Mick named some of his orchid progeny after members of the Keith Family includ- ing his Grandchildren. He began teaching “How to grow Orchids” classes with TAFE and later at the nursery where every- thing was on hand. Many of his pupils went on to join the Townsville Orchid Society on his advice and are still there today.
He and his wife Thelma travelled to National and International Conferences and were well known to many orchid growers around the world. They attended the World Orchid Conferences in Bangkok, Miami, New Zealand, Scotland and Rio de Janeiro. They also travelled to overseas countries on buying trips or to attend orchid shows. When attending a Singapore Orchid Show, they distributed brochures on Townsville.
At all shows he exhibited his orchids in
Mick Keith receiving the award from Mayor of Townsville, Tony Mooney.
displays from Keith’s Nursery, Townsville. Queensland. There was always much interest shown in this part of the world and it’s Tropical Orchids. They became Members of the then Townsville
Tourist Organization and Townsville Travel League. In 1983 the Australian Orchid
Conference was held in Townsville, this was the first time it was held outside a cap- ital city and in 1998 the Asian Pacific Orchid Conference was held in Townsville
bringing many overseas and interstate growers to Townsville. Mick was on both committees for these conferences.
During his life time in orchid growing Mick has achieved many awards for his orchids. Over the years he has had much publicity in Townsville, National and International magazines and papers. He has held many positions on Committees including President of The Tropical Queensland Orchid Council.
He is currently the Patron of The Townsville Orchid Society Inc.
Mick closed the nursery last year aged 70 and retired. However, he is still involved with the orchid world and com- municates with his many orchid friends around the world. Even now in his retire- ment his advice is sought. Mick still grows orchids with an impressive collection.
In December 2003 The Royal Horticultural Society of England accepted the name Ascocenda Mick Keith.
Mick Keith has achieved much in his lifetime. He was born and raised in Townsville. He became a Railway Engine Driver with a hobby of orchid growing. He resigned in 1972 to start up a full time orchid nursery and achieved so much in the following years.
Earlier this year, Mick was presented with Townsville’s “Australia Day Achievement Award”, rewarding “Persons: that have made a significant contribution or exceptional achievement in a chosen field.” Obviously this was for his work and promotion of orchids, primarily in North Queensland.
And living in Townsville has made it all possible. a
Thelma Keith Townsville, Qld
Stawell Orchid pocicly
fl is Stawell Orchid Society is consid- ered to be the largest and most active country orchid club in Victoria. It recently assisted in the formation of the St Arnaud and District Orchid Society. At the recent AGM of the Stawell Orchid Society Inc., Life Membership was bestowed upon Mr Ron-Coppin, an inaugural member of the club who has been a very willing and dependable worker who performs many tasks behind the scenes. Club Patron, Deane Johnston made the presentation to Ron. B Barbara Welsh
39 Houston Sreet
Stawell 3380 Vic
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
making the Life
Deane Johnstone Membership presentation to Ron Coppin.
(left)
27
Chocolate Drop wins first winter show
striking Cattleya grown by Ron and
Pauline Coppin of Stawell was cham- pion of Horsham and District Orchid Society’s first winter show.
Chocolate Drop ‘Stephanie’ won against strong competition from plants entered by growers in Horsham, Stawell, Murray Bridge, Rupanyup and Marnoo.
The one-day show, judged by Trevor Jacobs of Adelaide and Jim Shaughnessy of Mount Gambier, marked the society’s 20th anniversary.
Ron Coppin phoned granddaughter Stephanie Lediott at Greensborough with the news that ‘Stephanie’ , named after her, had won the major ribbon. Ron said he bought the orchid about eight years ago and it ‘just sat’ among his collection until promoting its presence with a head of dark maroon and yellow flowers which bright- ened on maturity to a shining bronze-red and yellow.
Judge Trevor Jacobs said the show had produced an impressive number and vari- ety of winter-flowering genera. He urged the Horsham society to think seriously about presenting an annual two-day winter show to complement the two-day spring show each October.
Winter show ribbons
Champion orchid, Cattleya Chocolate Drop ‘Stephanie’, R. and P. Coppin; reserve champion, Paphiopedilum, Via
Hey, that’s my name: New members of Horsham and District Orchid Society, juniors Conor Lawson and Stephanie Johnston, admire the society's first winter champion Chocolate Drop ‘Stephanie’. — Picture, PAUL CARRACHER
Paracombe ‘Adelaide’, E. and B. Kimberley; Cymbidium over 90mm, Kimberley Wilderness ‘Savannah’, G. and D. Hofmaier; Cym. over 60 to 90mm, Kiandra ‘Meg’, J. and B. Gay; Cym. under 60 mm, Cym. Artistic Impression ‘Snowdrop’, E. and B. Kimberley. Laeliinae, Cattleya Chocolate Drop ‘Stephanie’, R. and P. Coppin; Oncidiinae, Vuylstekeara Plum Fancy, E. and B.
Kimberley; other genera, Phragmipedium Sorcerer’s Apprentice “The Tree’, B. and J. Scott; seedling, Dendrobium Brinawa Charm x Aussie Victory, B. and C. Walker; specimen, Vuylstekeara Plum Fancy, E. and B. Kimberley; pre-eminent orchid of the show, Oncidium Butterfly, M. and B. Matthews. | by Maurice Lawson
Horsham and District Orchid Society
Bill Lavarack with his AOF Award.
28
A Moment in Orchid History — Dr. P.S. Lavarack
s “Bill” remembers it, his first orchid
was Dendrobium tetragonum. That was when he was a young boy then living on the family farm outside Nambour. This intuitive collection led to a passionate practical and intellectually honourable career in orchidology, botany and environ- mental preservation. In recognition of the duration of his contribution, the range of his activities and the quality of his science, the Australian Orchid Foundation granted Dr. P.S. (“Bill”) Lavarack its Award of Honour at the end of 2003.
Bill’s science degree was followed by two years completing first class honours in botany and culminating in 1972 with a Ph.D. From 1972 until his retirement in 2002 Bill has worked for Queensland National Parks. Several orchid species new to science and others not previously
recorded in Australia were brought to light on National Parks and Australian Orchid Foundation field trips. These new record- ings included Dendrobium carronii, Cadetia collinsii, Bulbophyllum gracilli- mum and Pomatocalpa marsupiale. Versatility is also a feature of Bill’s work. Field trips, taxonomy, legislation planning, research and publication are prominent. As well as 50 scientific papers and a similar number of popular articles, Bill has co-authored four orchid books. Despite all these distractions, Bill enjoys his cricket and athletics coaching and his warm family relationships with wife Bev and children Belinda and Anthony. a J. Nuss 92 Curie Street Wulguru 4811 Qld
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
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30
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The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
32
Australian
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MORE FLOWERING
MORE FLOWERING ORCHIDS THROUGHOUT THE | ORCHIDS YE AR THR OUCDOUN TERE by Ross Macdonald
This is the sister volume to Cool FSwenns Orchids throughout the Year. It is in the same format and style as the previous book, but also includes some genera that would require artificial heating in cooler cli- mates. This volume covers a further 314 orchid species and hybrids with 344 colour plates. Both texts are highly recommend to all orchid fanciers; particularly newcomers who wish to see an array of delightful flowers that they could grow.
132 pp. 242mm x 168mm Softcover.
ROSS MACDONALD
“URDSCOUNTPRICES,20.00,
PLUS POSTAGE AND HANDLING
COOL FLOWERING ORCHIDS THROUGHOUT
THE YEAR by Ross Macdonald
Ross Macdonald is a highly respected orchid grower and photographer from the North Island of New Zealand. This volume is devoted to cool growing orchid genera, which are easy to culti- vate in New Zealand and southern Australia. Growers in tropical areas should not be dis- couraged, as many of these orchids are indeed adaptable and will grow in a range of climates. Andy Easton has written the foreword. Ross has devoted the first few pages of the book to cul- tural hints, which are down to earth and give practical information on the basics of orchid cultivation.
COOL FLOWERING
ORCHIDS
THROUGHOUT THE YEAR
ROSS MACDONALD
Basically this is a pictorial book with over 300 full colour photographs, covering a similar number of orchid species and hybrids. The quality of both the photographs and the colour reproduction is impressive. All of the orchids have been captured using available sunlight and there is no flash photography. There is a wide range of orchid genera covered with particular emphasis placed on cymbidiums, dendrobiums, laelias, masdevallias, the Odontoglossum alliance and Paphiopedilum.
The photographs are arranged in four chapters, referring on their main blooming sea- son. The use of seasons ensures the text is also applicable to growers in the northern hemisphere.
This inexpensive book is exceptional value and importantly is written by someone
who knows and grows these orchids. | thoroughly recommend this book to orchid growers, as it will be of great value to both novice and experienced enthusiasts.
Lad pp, 242mm x 166mm URDICOUNTPRICE Sa 20,0,
Softcover. PLUS POSTAGE AND HANDLING
Botanica’s Poc
-ORCHIDS ;
ORCHIDS
Creative Consultants: Bill Layarack, Wayne Harris
Consultants: Gary Yong Gee, Howard Wood, Wolfgang Rysy Botanica’s Pocket Orchids is the fifth book in the highly successful Botanica’s series. This superbly illustrated reference book contains a wealth of information to help every gardener grow the perfect orchid.
Dyer 1200 Riehl listed
Authoritative and practical with easy-to-under- stand text, Botanica’s Pocket Orchids provides comprehensive information on colour, propa- gation, planting and flowering. With infortma- tion on planning and selection, cli-
mate, growing conditions, watering and feeding, it is the ideal guide QUR DISCOUNT PRICE DISCOUNT PRIC PRIC F $129.95, i @ (ind.cst)
wherever you live. 608 pages, colour. ane was $34.95 RRP (Ind. GST) RRP (Incl, GST) US rosuse a nouns
WHAT ORCHID IS
THAT? Edited by Alec Pridgeon
The orchid is one of the most passion- ately cultivated flowers world-wide, and for centuries it has been a symbol for the exotic and mysterious in the human imagination. As the brilliant photo- graphs in this book show, the shapes, hues and textures of many of these extraordinary flowers continue to pro- duce a shock of wonder in the viewer.
This book will delight everyone, from the gardener with a casual interest in orchids, to the confirmed enthusiast. It takes in a wide spectrum of orchid genera and more than 1100 species common in cultivation, presented by an international team of experts.
= OVER 1100 SPECIES ILLUSTRATED AND IDENTIFIED J SDITED AY ALEC PRIDGEON
The first section, by the General Editor, Alec Pridgeon, introduces orchid habitat, distri- bution, names and classification, hybrids, pollination, how to grow orchids and control pests and diseases, and orchid conservation.
The alphabetical section, “Orchids A-Z", includes descriptions, names and synonyms, geographic distribution, notes on culture, and photographs drawn from collections around the world, showing the best-known species in cultivation.
Whether you are buying, growing or just looking, this is the ultimate guide to orchids.
304 pages, colour. ——OURDISCOUNT PRICE DISCOUNT PRICE $,43.%5 osm
was was $54.95 RRP (Incl. GST) "Sra: no mus
ORCHIDS IN YOUR
GARDEN How to grow orchids in the =| backyard
| Robert Friend
It sounds too good to b
@Malls, or planting them in garden beds. | With more than 150,000 species and
hybrids of orchids in the world, there are
"plants suitable for every garden.
affging from tropical to cool climate areas, from large acreages to small gardens, almost every back-
rence, Me be Fore oF OUR DICOUNTPRICE S250
144 pages, Colour and B&W. was $2750 RRP (Incl. GST) "Ws POSTAGE ato HaNoUNs
SARCOCHILUS ORCHIDS OF
AUSTRALIA Walter T. Upton
Sarcochilus Orchids of Australia is the first book to cover all aspects of species of the genus Sarcochilus. Compact | plants of great floral beauty with ease of culture, they are mostly cool to cold growing, requiring limited space, and for these reasons are quickly becoming the orchid of the future.
The book gives each individual species a separate entry, with information on its history, synonyms, distribution, habitat, cultivation and hybrids, along with a : » drawing showing the main parts of the WALTER T. UPTON plant and flower, plus a colour plate pro- - _ ——— viding an easy means of identification.
Hybridising, including intergenerics, is dealt with in detail - most registered hybrids being accompanied by a colour plate. Other chapters include pollination, seed rais- ing and cultural information for the home grower.
This is Walter T. Upton’s third book and is a companion to his very popular and informative Dendrobium Orchids of
anes a OUR DISCOUNTPRICE $430.73, and B&W. was $39.55 RRP (Incl. GST) msde wou
ve
Nsieennsen, AUSTRALIAN | TROPICAL ORCHIDS
| Bill Lavarack and Bruce Gray
| Compiled by two well known names in the i} | Australian orchid world, this book is essentially a | collection of 116 colour photographs depicting | 109 tropical orchids, chosen by the authors as ] representative. There is a short introduction togeth- } erwith brief text complementing each photograph.
| The text includes notes on distribution including a | simple map, habitat types, an indication of size, ] flowering season, conservation status and many J features of interest.
OUR DISCOUNT PRICE $413.15
© (ind.cst)
was $16.45 RRP (Incl. GST) 05 OSTA A haNouns
72 pages, colour.
LYCASTE ORCHIDS -
Cultivation and Hybridisation A.F.W. Alcorn
lycaste orchids are easy to grow, and they produce flowers that range from the beautiful to the bizarre. No book previously has provided detailed cultural require- ments of the Lycaste, and this book should fill that gap, and encourage new growers to take up the cultivation of this beautiful genus. A section on hybridising con- tains valuable information on inheritance and genetics that will benefit any hybridiser, not just the grower of lycastes, as well as helpful hints on how to avoid pit- falls in your hybridising program.
Lycaste
Orchids - le 2” aX RA ‘
Oe a ee ae, ee
Cultivation and Hybridisation
A. F; W. Alcorn
Michael Hallett, a friend of Fred Alcorn for a number of years, co-wrote this book with Fred and has completed it posthumously. He has a background in genetics, research
Spe" CURDSCUNTPRKE S42,
especially orchids. Tet ean nln te eieeat! @ (ina. 237 pages, colour and B&W. was $28.55 RRP (Incl, GST) *usrosnse no woe
GROWING rg\ |
PHALAENOPSIS AT HOME | James Neal
This book is essential reading and reference for any person who grows, or is intending to grow, Phalaenopsis.
| Jim, in a simple and easily understood style, explains and elaborates on light conditions, watering, tempera- tures, fertilisers, pests and diseases.
Explanations of the way Phalaenopsis are named and | the implications of growing seedlings, illustrate some of ] the more difficult ideas for the layman to understand.
The colour photography illustrates beautifully the topics under discussion and the orchid names are supplied, where necessary, as a caption.
The illustrations drawn by Jim’s son Jamie are pertinent and succinct and make the sub- ject more easily understood.
56 poges, colour and B&W. UNDISCOUNT PRICE Su 1 80
© (ind.cst) was $13.7 5 RRP (Incl. GST) PLUS POSTAGE ano HaNouNG
INTRODUCING CATTLEYAS Noni J. Mammatt
Noni Mammatt’s fascination with the Cattleya Alliance, their most beautiful blooms and extensive range of colour combinations, has prompted Noni to share the results of her own trials in successfully grow- ing and flowering all types of this most beautiful genus under shadehouse conditions in the city of Perth in Western Australia. She hopes that as a result of her writing some new growers, as well as the expe- rienced growers of other orchid genera, may be encouraged to introduce the Cattleya Alliance into
their collections. QUR DISCOUNT PRICE $16.50,
24 pages, B&W. was $7.15 RRP (Incl. GST) #5 Posse avo wows
ro ORCHIDS FOR BEGINNERS
A Guide to Selection and
Cultivation Allison and Mark Webb
“Orchids for Beginners” is for those just starting out in orchids. It provides information about choosing orchids best suited to your conditions and how to grow them. There is advice on what to look for when choosing plants to avoid some common traps and the expense of losing plants unsuit- ed to your conditions. The essential basics of cultivation for beginners are covered _ potting media, mounting plants, repotting and deflasking as well as choosing loca- tions and building bushhouses. There are suggestions for growing in country areas as well as indoors. The plant descriptions offer suggestions of plants to choose from as
well as introducing some of the very OUR DISCOUNT PRICE Sal 0.45,
varied forms of orchids. PLUS POSTAGE AND HANDLING
48 pages, colour and B&W.
tine \ 2
Oe corazeat OR Wi PRO as
Australian
Recommende Our Plus } Postage Retail Price Discount Postage Total | Number of Total Item & Title Zone RRP) Price & Handling Price Copies
me Orchid
Review
1. Cool Flowering Orchids Throughout the Year
A$20.00+ A$5.00 =A$25.00
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A$20.00+ A$5.00 =A$25.00
(Incl. GST) = US$15.80
= A$34.95 A$29.95+ A$7.00 =A$36.95 (Incl. GST) (Incl. GST) = US$26.35
US$4 S' Ss
| | 2. More Flowering Orchids |
M a i l O Yr d er Throughout the Year
3. Botanica’s Pocket Orchids
bookshop
4. What Orchid Is That?
5, Orchids In Your Garden
( = A$54.95 A$43.95+ A$14.40 =A$58.35 (Incl. GST) (Incl. GST) = 1.00 : be ( 0 OUT OF STOCK
and Oceania (Quoted A$ Dollars)
R_ Rest of World (Quoted US$ Dollars) 10. Introducing Cattleyas
6. Sarcochilus Orchids of Australia = A$39.55 A$30.75+ A$5.00 =A$35.75
Postage Zones (Incl. GST) = US$26.35 A Australia, New Zealand 7. Australian Tropical Orchids = A$16.45 A$13.15+ A$3.00 =A$16.15
Y (Incl, GST) (Incl. GST) = US$10.50
8. Lycaste Orchids
= A$28.55 A$22.00+ A$5.00 =A$27.00 (Incl, GST) (Incl. GST) = US$18.75 = A$13.75 A$11.80+ A$3.00 =A$14.80 (Incl. GST) (Incl. GST) = US$9.75 = A$7.15 A$6.60+ A$3.00 =A$9.60 (Incl. GST) (Incl. GST) = US$6.30 A$10.45+ A$3.00 =A$13.45
(Incl. GST) = US$8.75
9. Growing Phalaenopsis at Home
11. Orchids for Beginners
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The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
34
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(OVYO ATYAWNUOA) NOLLVULSIDAY GIHOYO NO TANVd AYOSIAGV Pood ATNL
O€ aNss] UALLAISMAN WOdV
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
35
Pp
bly to avoid confusion, however the cultivar epithet must agree with the gender of the
genus and hence has to be changed to ‘Purpurea’]. Julian M. H. Shaw, APOR Secretary, 2 Albert Street, Stapleford, Nottingham, NG9 8DB,
UK. Tel/fax. +44 115 939 2828 E-mail: orcreg@rhs.org.uk www.rhs.org.uk/research/regis-
New applications received 2626 and, 24 resubmissions, of which 2467 were accepted, 9 tration_orchids.as
were postponed and 174 were rejected. March 2004 was the busiest month on record
with 512 applications. During February the number of names in the grex register
Grex example: Lc. Amoena (1887) = C. loddigesii x L. perrinii and Lc. Amoena (1902) = exceeded 120, 000. The total at the end of June was 121, 602.
C. wallisii x L. harpophylla. Reprinted from “The Orchid Review” (U.K.)
STATISTICS: November 2003 to June 2004
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36 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
CULTURAL NOTES
Australian Natives
Enjoy the remaining blooms for this season. The Sarcanthinae are the mainstay of late spring and are truly beautiful orchids. Many other unusual species will have flowers at this time as well and it is great to be able to get to shows and see the variety of native orchids. Before you rush to the sale table and get a collection of these lovely plants, be aware that they end to have higher humidity and water requirements than the average dendrocoryne hybrid and in the current conditions of water restrictions many growers may not be able to provide suitable conditions for these orchids.
Now is also the time to repot and I’m looking forward to finishing my jobs before it gets really hot now that the dead tree is gone and it is safe to get back into the shade house. (Unfortunately, it also means the end to koala visits as there is nowhere to plant a replacement tree and I’ve also got to do something about shade in the work area. The birds aren’t the only ones going to miss the tree!)
With the dry conditions and water restrictions continuing it is tempting to change to a finer media. Remember caution is the idea when changing media as you don’t want to lose your whole collection if an ingredient proves unsuit- able for you conditions. balance this with the advantages of the finer media in use earlier and you see the problems. The discussions about sphagnum moss have shown just how good it is for growing some plants. I’ve spread some seedling trays in my covered house and it has been growing happily for years. It looks lush and green and is always cool to touch. It does need to be watered fairly regularly, but can recover from dry- ing out, after all it is dry in the bag when you buy it. If ever I need to pot a suffering plant in it to restore it to health I know it is there, fresh and green.
Watch for the brittle new growths when han- dling the plants as they will be starting to grow at this time and are easy to snap off. Take care to rinse hands or gloves and cutting implements in bleach or whatever you use to sterilise things to avoid virus and disease transfer between plants. Deal with the healthiest plants first. Be cautious about viruses but keep in mind that damage from pests common in dry conditions can sometimes look like virus markings.
I’ve had a lot of scale this year and with comes ants in the tops of growths. They did some dam- age to flowers as they were opening. Spider mites will also no doubt show up as well. Aphids always like to suck the new growths. The best way to remove these pests is to wipe the leaves with a damp cloth but this is very time consuming in a Jarge collection. I’ve been able to reduce numbers by mixing a small amount of pure soap flakes and a little vegetable oil in warm water and spraying with this slurry — being sure to shake regularly. Be wary about using oil on tender leaves that are exposed to a lot of sun as the oil can burn. Don’t forget the underside of leaves, try watering there as well while you hand water.
I’ve also had rats coming to look for shelter and water staying to chew on my orchids. I put out special “snack” I hope they find tastier. Keep an eye out for pest damage as many only come out at night and wreak havoc under cover of darkness. Take a torch and see if you can
catch them munching .
Fertiliser is always important to plants in small pots or hanging on slabs, but be careful not to overdo it. With restrictions requiring hand water- ing, plants are likely to get less water to flush the pots of any residue. In time this can become toxic and burn roots. Finer media is also likely to retain more residue as well. Heavy rain is the best way to flush pots but it is proving unreliable again.
Store water if possible and do what you can to help humidity levels up. Seal inland facing walls of growing areas as this is where the dry- ing winds originate. Put in ponds or tubs of water and increase shading overhead. Group plants that require higher humidity together and create a special area for them. Tougher, large dendrocoryne species and hybrids can take lower humidity. If you are lucky enough to be able to continue to water with misters regularly check that your misters are working properly as plants suffer quickly when they don’t get enough water. Be responsible with your water use and water very early in the morning of after dusk and spare a thought for those who can no longer turn on a tap and let the misters run.
Sealed houses should keep humidity levels up a bit, but vents will need to be opened to allow air movement. Any summer shading should be in place by now.
Get onto those jobs before it gets too hot to do them or your native orchids are damaged by sum- mer heat. |
Cattleyas
As the weather warms you may start to move your catts out of the glass house into the shade house. The plants will go better outside, and will do a lot better if hung from a barb wire line within the shade house. Make sure the line is above head height!
Watch for sunburn during this spring period as at times the sun can be very strong. depending on where you live, you may only need to water your plants every five to ten days.
Repotting should be on he go! Make sure you do not divide your flowers any smaller than four bulb divisions. Repot plants in your usual mix, but remember, do not forget to stake the bulbs so as they will not move when you water the plants. Watch what media you use as some bark mixes are very hungry for nitrogen. A good idea is to try the seedling test to the bark before using.
After repotting, a good drench with AUXI- NONE® will help the plant initiate new roots very quickly. Fertilising during spring is very easy — apply every off week with an organic and alternate with MERRI FERT, Make sure the mixture gets right through the mix. In America most catt growers like to add a little SUPERTHRIVE to their fertiliser.
Keep vigilant for signs of scale. The warmer weather will bring them into action. If present spray with ECO OIL. |
Cymbidiums
By now you should be well into your repotting schedule. In the last issue I mentioned the use of wetting granules such as ALCOSORB®. One grower contacted me, saying he was concerned about root ort if the media was kept too wet! This is a good comment as if the media is kept wet too
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
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38 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
CULTURAL NOTES
long, the plant could end up with root rot. If the media drains well and has good A.S.A.D. this should not be a problem. The small amount of granules in the media should hold back small amount of moisture to hold over for a few days. For a trial you could start by using 15 grams of ALCOSORB to 15 litres of mix. Remember, only do a few pots to start with, and don’t overdo it.
Another product that could be of use to cym- bidium growers is the use of POLYACRY- LAMIDES. These products make water stay in suspension longer in potting medias. You mix it with your fertilisers or when just watering, and the product makes the water slow down going through the pot. More news on this product when it comes to hand.
Remember, do not overwater your plants after dividing. If you have a problem with plants dying after dividing you may have to resort to a fungi- cide to control root rotting fungi in your potting mix.
After potting fertilise weekly with a good fer- tiliser such a MERRI FErT or HSO 12 or even CAMPBELLS “YELLOW”.
Watch for black spot on leaves, if present spray with MANCOZEB mixed with SPRAYTECH OIL®. Check for mites. Spray with one of the recognised acaricides such as OMITE® or PYRANICA®. It is good to see PYRANICA® back on the market.
Those plants that do not need dividing, top dress with worm casings or a good controlled release fertiliser such as OSMOCOTE PLUS or EXACT with a five to six month release rate. If you are into organics, a handful of ORGANIC LIFE around the top of the pot. |
Paphiopedilum
A little care is necessary during spring as the weather can be quite variable. We generally have nice warm days and cool nights — ideal conditions for paphs. to begin their main growth cycle.
Repotting was covered fairly comprehensively in the notes for July/August, however a few points are worthy of repetition:
Paphiopedilums thrive on repotting. it should be done every year for best results, no matter how happy the plant appears or how good the mixture looks. You can only see the top of it.
Don’t overpot. use a pot which will comfort- ably hold the roots. ‘Squat’ pots (height about equal to diameter) are best and drainage must be
adequate. The base of the plant should be just below the surface of the mixture.
‘Wobbly’ plants should be staked.
Don’t use osmocote. It is just great for most orchids but paphs. will not grow a good root sys- tem when it is used.
Repotting can be continued throughout this period — in fact, right up until about mid Decem- ber, or later if you have effective cooling.
Watering should be done as required. If the weather is hot and dry you may need to water every couple of days; if cool and cloudy, once a week may suffice. It is particularly important to water in he morning if you possibly can. The object is to keep the soil temperature up; you can’t achieve this if you water late in the day.
Fertiliser should be given regularly, particu- larly toward the end of this period. It is not too much to water with about half strength fertiliser every second or third watering. I find it very con- venient to use a “‘Hyponex siphon mixer’, which plugs in at the tap end of the hose and sucks the concentrated fertiliser out of a 20 litre bucket. These are cheap and foolproof but they won’t work against a lot of back pressure; I use a ‘Gardenia’ water breaker, screwed well out, on the end of a 20 metre hose and have no trouble.
I have always used Aquasol, supplemented with extra iron, a bit of magnesium now and then and Nitrosol which, apart from its value as a fer- tiliser, I believe acts as a wetting agent. Whilst I never really measure anything, the proportions are probably about: two teaspoons of Aquasol, one teaspoon of Nitrosol, a pinch of Iron Chelate and a few pinches of Epsom Salts all dissolved in about 20 litres of water. This is pretty weak, but I use it frequently.
About the only pests which trouble paphs. are scale and mealy bug. These become active around early November and it is not a bad idea to spray the collection during this month as a preventive measure. Malascale will clean these up fairly effectively. If you feel really heroic, Supracide is very effective. Whatever you use, take the appro- priate precautions otherwise you may clean up the family dog, or even yourself.
Phalaenopsis
During spring the weather can be very vari- able. Do not be in a hurry to turn the heat off if you grow in a cool area. Usually it is a good idea to slowly turn the thermostat down a little at a time.
Finally stop with it set at a minimum of 10 degrees celsius. By mid October the plants are then in the hand of the good Lord! During spring you can replace this floor with fresh bark, shavings or metal depending what you fancy to keep the humidity up to a reasonable level.
Keep plants just damp to keep roots fresh and green. If you water overhead, watch for flowers spotting as a sudden drop in temperature could induce some botrytis spotting. Good air circula- tion is essential. ROVRAL AQUA FLO® can be used to help control spotting. If your plants are prone to crown rot, keep spraying with HYSAN®.
Keep fertilising with one of the PETERS prod- ucts such as General Purpose or Peters Excel Hi “N”. A little extra calcium can help keep the spikes strong, not limp. A monthly application of BIOMIN CALCIUM is the way to go. Apply at 0.5 to 1.0 grams per litre monthly. Do not mix with any other fertiliser, as they are not compati- ble!
Check for mealy bug and mites. Spray if nec- essary. ECO OIL® monthly should help. Some growers like to use NATRASOAP® mixed with SPRAYTECH OIL®. If your plants only produce small skinny spikes and flowers are thin, not many on spike, check your watering and fertilis- ing routine. Light is only a factor.
Now is the time to buy a few seedlings for next season’s flowering. If you are into showing, buy good white crosses. Most novelty crosses look nice but do not have the number. |
Vandaceous
Watering:— Water daily. Keep the root system moist with additional misting if necessary.
Light:— Strap leaf vandas and ascocendas need 50 to 70% shade. Terete and semi-terete about 30%.
Fertiliser:— Fertilise weekly alternating over a four weekly period.
Wk.1.— Inorganic high nitrogen (Campbells B, Aqua feed or Aquasol).
Wk.2. — Foliar/Trace element (Wuxall Foliar).
Wk.3.— As for Wk.1.
Wk 4. — Organic (Fish Emulsion or Nitrosol).
Pest Control:— Fungicide every six weeks with Ridomil MZ WP, Daconil, Mancozeb or Wettable Sulphur).
Use Diazanon, Malathion or Pyrethrum to con- trol insect pests. _ |
Proprietors: Mick & Jan Coe Ph/Fax 02 6566 6454 Mobile: 0411 348 311 Email: arakoon@midcoast.com.au
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The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
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Editor’s Report
here are all sorts of reasons for
becoming involved with cymbidi- ums — for some it’s a business, a com- mercial venture, possibly an alternative to the rat race, a sea change and escape from the city. For others it may be the challenge of show bench competition or the pleasure and anticipation of making new Cymbidium hybrids or, perhaps, just the enjoyment of their beautiful flowers and the relaxation that pottering about among orchids brings. For many it is the combination of some or all of those things, and more.
The involvement in a Cymbidium orchid club can be another benefit. The sharing of experiences, the company of like-minded people, even the work which comes from involvement in a club or show committee, which may be hectic at times especially when organ- ising a major show (and the pay is always terrible), but the satisfaction when it is all over and has been a suc- cess is worth every bit of it.
Some of us are either lucky enough or crazy enough, depending on how you look at it, to edit publications like this and it’s certainly hectic at times with deadlines seeming to clash with mundane and less important pursuits like going to work, business trips, and
Editorial Panel
the like but, somehow, when each issue comes together, Barry Badger and the Graphic World team then manage to make us look good in the end. We enjoy doing it and readers, in the main, seem to like it, so how lucky are we?
This issue brings a little of all those things I’ve mentioned. Peter Moore, still recovering from staging the National Cymbidium Show has pro- vided his recollection of the event — the competition, the plant sales, the show dinner, and the enjoyment of it all. Bob Battye and Rob Smith give a brief pro- file of this year’s ACS Award of Recognition recipient, Kevin Black, who has joined the select list of previ- ous Australian Cymbidium identities of Alvin Bryant, Dean Roesler, Bob Nicole, Syd Monkhouse, John Gulbis and Ern Kettle.
Grant Cole, from the USA, brings us his insights into Cym. devonianum hybrids and discusses his love of pen- dulous cymbidiums. Carolin Allen reports on the cymbidiums that caught her eye at the 2004 Melbourne International Orchid Spectacular and reviews the show from a Cymbidium lover’s perspective and, to finish off, Graham Clark’s talent as a poet looks at the “dreaded disease” Orchid Fever.
Good growing. a
Noe Smith Editor.
Dean Roesler 20 Lawson Road Kalbeeba, SA 5118
Tel/Fax: (08) 8522 6886
Noe Smith 24 William Hunter Court Rosebud, Vic 3939 Tel: (03) 5986 1121 Fax: (03) 5982 1847
Rob Smith 24 William Hunter Court Rosebud, Vic 3939 Tel: (03) 5986 1121 Fax: (03) 5982 1847
HOW TO JOIN A CYMBIDIUM CLUB IN YOUR STATE
CYMBIDIUM CLUB OF AUSTRALIA INC.
Meetings are held on the 2nd Thursday of each month (except December, January and February)
Meetings commence 8.00 p.m. Venue: Lakemba Chapter Remembrance Hall, 220 Lakemba Street, Lakemba, Sydney, N.S.W.
For further details contact Secretary, Peter Moore,
10 Stephanie Street,
Padstow, N.S.W. 2211 Phone: (02) 9721 0572 President, Geoff LeMarne,
Phone: (02) 9449 9648
CYMBIDIUM CLUB OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INC.
Meetings are held on the 4th Wednesday of each month (except December and January) Auditorium open from 7.00 p.m. — Beginners’ Group commences 7.20 p.m. Main Meeting commences 8.00 p.m. Venue: Burnside Community Centre, 401 Greenhill Road, Tusmore, Adelaide, S.A. For further details contact Secretary, Graham Shevlin,
22 Australian Avenue,
Clovelly Park S.A. 5042 Phone: (08) 8276 7652 President, Murray Baulderstone, Phone: (08) 8276 3771
THE CYMBIDIUM ORCHID CLUB OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA INC. Meetings are held on the 3rd Monday of each month (except January and February) Benching of plants commences 7.15 p.m. Popular Vote commences 7.50 p.m. Main Meeting commences 8.00 p.m. Venue: Belmont Sports & Recreation Club, Abernethy Rd, Belmont, W.A.
For further details contact Secretary, Marilyn Thomas,
17 Broula Road, Kalamunda, WA 6076 Phone: (08) 9293 0524 President, Nado Lenkic Phone: (08) 9293 3196
THE CYMBIDIUM ORCHID SOCIETY OF VICTORIA INC.
Meetings are held on 2nd Tuesday of each month (except January) Popular Vote commences 7.50 p.m. — Main Meeting commences 8.00 p.m. Venue: Mt. Waverley Youth Centre, Millers Crescent, Mt. Waverley, Victoria. For further details contact Secretary, Kevin Brown,
4 Riviera Street, Mt Waverley, Victoria 3149
President, Peter Sunderland,
Phone: (03) 9808 1224 a Phone: (03) 5998 2535
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
fiat)
41
Top and above: Grand Champion of Show, Cym. Valley Olympic ‘Pink Perfection’. Owner, David Wain.
42
mong the unique features of the National Cymbidium Show is the annual rotation of the venue and host state d Mand, in 2004, it once again became New South Wales’ turn to host the event — and what an event it was!
The Fleurijn Orchids-Holland & Sydney Orchid Centre’s 2004 National Cymbidium Orchid Show was up there with the best we’ve seen and, once again, some of the nation’s best Cymbidium growers, both amateur and commercial, brought together some of the best cymbidiums grown and produced any- where in the world. Along with the massed displays from exhibitors, some of the country’s top commercial nurseries were on site selling quality plants throughout the duration of the show, adding another dimension to the event for those who vis- ited, whether from orchid clubs or the orchid-loving public.
From the host state’s point of view it was great to see so many people come together to make the show a success after the club’s 18-months of planning and preparation. Everyone involved worked very hard and to see so many people enjoying the show was what really made it all worthwhile. Thanks must go to all of the show’s sponsors, from the naming rights spon- sors to the other major sponsors and to the Cymbidium Club of Australia (NSW) members who individually sponsored the gen- eral and colour classes. Without this level of support shows of the standard of the National Cymbidium Show would not be possible.
Thanks must also go to the venue and its staff — The Sunnybrook Hotel & Convention Centre proved to be an ideal venue in so many ways. Not only did the Grand Ballroom have excellent access, space and facilities to display cymbidiums, it was able to accommodate hundreds of exhibitors, sellers and visitors with restaurants and bars and made the show one of the easiest to attend and participate in, bar none. Behind the scenes the staff worked extremely hard to assist with the smooth run- ning of the show and were of invaluable help to the organising committee by keeping the services going right up until the Weary end.
Congratulations must go to all those who exhibited plants and staged displays, especially those from interstate, making the event truly national. It was also pleasing to see a number of Overseas visitors again this year who hailed from New Zealand, Holland, Japan, and the USA, including Leon Van Rijn’s father, Wim, who was making his first trip to Australia. Leon not only sponsors the National Cymbidium Show through his company Fleurijn Orchids-Holland but, together with his brother, also Wim, sponsors their special Cut Flower class. Leon is also Patron of the Cymbidium Club of South Australia and has become an annual visitor to our country during our main show season.
When it came to judging the show there was plenty of work
Text by Peter Moore — FB
The Australian Orchid Review,October/November 2004
National 1m Show
‘otography by Rob Smith
for the various judging teams with so many high quality exhibits and displays but, if the general comments during the show are any guide, the judges did a pretty good job overall.
Grand Champion of the Show and Champion Intermediate went to David Wain and his flawless flowering of the Cym. Valley Olympic ‘Pink Perfection’. Although only a small division, David’s plant carried two tall spikes with good counts of shapely mid-pink blooms.
Champion Large Flower was Cym. MacLure’s Quest ‘Starquest’, exhibited by Schaefer’s Orchids, a large and full- shaped white on an arching spike.
Champion Small Standard and Champion Small Standard Seedling was won by Battack Orchids with their Cym. (Poetic Winter x Joans Charisma) now registered at Cym. Vanity Fair, and was a full-shaped white with a lightly marked labellum flowering well on a young seedling plant.
Champion Miniature was won by Schaefer’s Orchids with ’ Cym. (Jessie Blakiston x Summer Clouds). lll
Champion Specimen was awarded to a superbly grown and Champion Small Standard, Cym. Vanity Fair. Owner, Battack Orchids.
- yy ; \ _s or J uy
Champion Display. Battack Orchids.
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA
Champion Species and ACS Certificate of Excellence, Cym. erythraeum. _ Cym. (Pendragon x Valya Craig) HCC/ACS. Owner, Murray Weston. Owner, Royale Orchids.
ACS President Helen Stretch presenting the trophy for Champion Display _ Leon Van Rijn presenting the perpetual trophy for the Leon & Wim Van Rij to Kevin Black and Bob Battye of Battack Orchids. Special Class to Peter Sunderland of Kimberley Orchids.
The Australian Orchid Review,October/November 2004
Peter Sunderland of Kimberley Orchids receiv-
ing a gift of Dutch clogs from Leon Van Rijn - | Cym. Memoria Joan Bryant ‘Keen’. ACS award ACS award recipient, Cym. (Winter Paradise x they might not go with the suit but they could be __ recipient. Owner, Bryants Orchids. Lone Star). Owner, Kimberley Orchids. just the thing for the orchid house.
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 45
46
Pes my rm Shipway
and Terry
Davis.
flowered Cym. One Tree Hill ‘John’s Quest’ exhibited by P Keomalavong.
Champion Novelty was won by Royale Orchids with their Cym. (Robin x Disney Girl) with its heavily spotted novelty- shaped flowers presented on arching spikes.
Champion Cut Stem went to Moss Bray’s Cym. (Pendragon x Valya Craig).
Seedlings are the lifeblood of Cymbidium development and, as such, are important classes in the National Cymbidium Show schedule. Along with the previously mentioned Champion Small Standard Seedling, the following plants won the seedling champion prizes in the other size classes...
Champion Large Flower Seedling won by Cym. [Autumn Crisp x (Red Panther x Atlantic Crossing)] and exhibited by Royale Orchids.
Champion Intermediate Seedling won by Cym. (Amesbury x Valley Zenith) ‘Kierra’ and exhibited by Terry Poulton.
Champion Miniature Seedling won by Cym. (Jessie Blakiston x Yowie Flame) and exhibited by Kimberley Orchids.
Winners of the Leon and Wim Van Rijn Award, a class judged outside the normal show schedule, were:
Ist Place — Cym. (Kelly’s Winter x Royale Fare) — Kimberley Orchids.
2nd Place — Cym. Julie Hawkes ‘Kelly’ — Moss Bray.
3rd Place — Cym. (Culpaulin x Coraki Advent) — Barrita Orchids.
Leon and his associates judge this section based on what they see as possibly meeting their cut flower requirements and may propose discussions on trialing the winning cymbidiums under their conditions if the owners are interested in exploring the com- mercial potential of their plants.
Within the show’s display classes the judges were faced with some tough decisions as the standard was so high, both in terms of the quality of the cymbidiums used and the artistic merit of many of the displays. With fierce competition between the state clubs for both the John Mata Trophy and the ACS Trophy, the honours eventually went to Western Australia and Victoria. Western Australia won the Most Innovative Display and the ACS Trophy with their very striking display based on an Olympic theme, and Victoria won the John Mata Trophy for Best Display by a State Club.
Champion Display of the Show was won by Battack Orchids and, in the other display classes, Royale Orchids won the Large Commercial Display section, Ezi-Gro Orchids won the Medium Commercial Display section, N Shipway & T Davis won the Medium Hobbyist Display section, and R & P Gibson won the Small Hobbyist Display section.
As with all national shows, it would be possible to go on and on for several pages mentioning eye-catching displays and flow- ers, but one must draw the line somewhere, although mention of some awards given is certainly appropriate and the following plants received ACS awards:
Cym. Valley Olympic ‘Pink Perfection’ — owned by David Wain.
Cym. (Poetic Winter x Joans Charisma) — owned by Battack Orchids.
Cym. Memoria Joan Bryant ‘Keen’ — owned by Bryants Orchids.
Cym. erythraeum — owned by Royale Orchids.
Cym. (Pendragon x Valya Craig) — owned by Murray Weston.
Cym. (Winter Paradise x Lone Star) — owned by Kimberley Orchids.
Cym. (Show Off x Ruby Eyes) — owned by Moss Bray.
A major part of all National Cymbidium shows is the show
The Australian Orchid Review,October/November 2004
’ ee a ey Cig
dinner, which is held on the Saturday night. Once again, Sunnybrook Hotel & Convention Centre supplied the venue in another of their large function rooms, and over 120 registrants, sponsors and visitors turned out full of enthusiasm and high spir- its. CCA(NSW) President, Geoff LeMarne, and ACS President, Helen Stretch, MC’d the evening and spoke about the success of the show and thanked sponsors and workers, and announced and presented major champion prizes. Among the many highlights of the night was the presentation of the ACS Award of Recognition. As the presentation of this award is always a closely guarded secret, the recipient was taken completely by surprise (see the separate article elsewhere in this issue).
Another highlight of the evening was Leon Van Rijn’s pre- sentations to the winners of the Leon & Wim Van Rijn Special Class. Leon always makes a special effort and, along with the generous prize money provided each year, he also presented the winners with a pair of genuine Dutch clogs — which each recip- ient had to put on. First place winner, Peter Sunderland of Kimberley Orchids, seemed to take a shine to his pair and, per- haps, they might become a regular part of his wardrobe?
The evening also provided a highlight for well-known Sydney Cymbidium identity Fred Weir. Fred had received a Cymbidium Orchid Society of Victoria award at last year’s national show at Ararat in Victoria and Ern Kettle, COSV Registrar, made a sur- prise presentation of the award certificate to Fred — his first award in 35 years of Cymbidium growing and showing!
As such events involving Cymbidium enthusiasts do, the evening concluded with swapped stories of future champions coming on at home, who won what and why, where do you get a division or clone of something seen in the show and, of course, with old friendships being renewed and new ones made. Growing cymbidiums is a great life!
The 2004 National Cymbidium Show drew to a close on Sunday afternoon and, as is always the case, was pulled down and packed up in a fraction of the time taken to put it all together just four short days before. Goodbyes were said and everyone headed for home to recover before making plans for next year’s national show to be staged in South Australia. See you there.
Peter Moore 10 Stephanie St Padstow NSW 2111
The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
John Mata Trophy winning display. Cymbidium Orchid Society of Victoria.
ACS award recipient, Cym.
(
Show Off x Ruby Eyes
)
. Owner, Moss Bray.
47
GLENWOOD ORCHIDS Pty. Ltd.
Introducing...
Tracey Reddaway “Glenwood”
Flowered for the first time in 2004 this filled-in bright yellow maintained its superb shape for the life of the flowers.
Having seen many of its siblings, none have the shape and colour of this clone.
Watch for seedlings in flask.
The 2004 flowering season has produced numer- ous new first flowering seedlings for us that have been immediately introduced to our range of stud plants.
An extensive range of seed pods has been set and from these we will select the best for sow- ing. The range of colours will be extensive and we expect to produce our best listing of exhibi- tion and pot plant trade stock ever.
Our 2003 seedling flask list is available now and our 2004 list will be issued around December.
All lists are available by e-mail in either MS Word, PDF or HTML format. Those wanting regu- lar e-mail lists should contact us nominating which lists and which genera are required (see our website for details).
Our web site will be updated at the end of the current season to include photos of the latest addi- tions to our stud stock. Fax: E mail has made this service redundant and will be discontinued in 2005 E mail: glenorchids@ebbs.com.au = Web Site: www.glenorchids.com.au
Phone: (03) 9782 2668 WE EXPORT WORLD WIDE
PHONE: 041 239 1989
TOM BURIAN ORCHIDS
%* EXCLUSIVE CYMBIDIUM MERICLONES * NO ORIGINALS RELEASED FROM A1-A3 — BEWARE OF PROLIFERATIONS
%*& ALL “A” SIZE PLANTS AVAILABLE ONLY * Al CHOC VALLEY ‘SYLVIE’ 4N AM/AOC *& Refer to A.O.R. Feb/March 2001 for colour description. Has produced up to five spikes per growth/bulb with up to 17 flowers 115-125mm. Flowers in autumn, winter and spring. Clones $20 each or two for $35, Community pots of 25 plants @$175 each. %& A2 WINTER VALLEY ‘EYE CATCHER’ (4N) HCC/AOC (2003). A winter flowering showbench pink (Intermediate) with a bold red lip, upright spiking. Clones $20 each, two for $35 or three for $45. Community pots of 25 plants @ $100 each. * A3 STRATH MEADOWS ‘TWO TONE’ (4N). An award quality white with crimson overtone with a bright bold eye catching labellum. Upright spikes are produced from late June to August. Good show, pot plant and breeder. Clones @$15 each or two for $25 (limited). (Standard Cym.) %* Discounts apply to commercial orders * Thousands of new seedlings are currently growing on, enquiries welcome.
KKK KK KKK KEK KX
FOR PRICE LIST — Send S.A.E. to:
TOM BURIAN ORCHIDS
R.S.D. 87, STRATHALBYN, S.A. 5255 Nursery at:— Lot 25 Heinjus Road, Strathalbyn, $.A. 5255 (Nursery open weekends only)
Phone: 041 239 1989
AOR182
SX S@ Alan & Miriam Merriman Sy
( $
89 Levy Street, Glenbrook NSW 2773 The Orchid People
Sydney’s only one stop Orchid Shop We carry a large range of orchid requisits Port Pots always in stock We have a large range of Tassie Spag. Moss in all pack sizes Stakes - Water Breakers Nie-co Rolls Thermometers PH and EC Meters Sydney Agent for Woolf Orchidculture ALAN’S FERTLIZER HANDBOOK Price $10.45 including postage ALAN’S PEST and DISEASE HANDBOOK
Price $18.70 per copy including postage “Nursery open most weekends for all your orchid requisits * Growing classes held monthly
PHONE: 0247 395 141 Fax 0247 398 090
email: mirannorchids@pnc.com.au BANKCARD, MASTERCARD AND VISA
Do you love Cymbidiums and Paphiopedilums?
The Cymbidium Society of America invites you to join
Membership includes six issues of the colourful Orchid Adventures magazine
CURRENT ANNUAL DUES US$30.00
(Includes Surface mail postage)
ADD US$20.00 for overseas Air Mail
[VISA, MASTERCARD, JCB or cheques in U.S. funds only]
c/o Matthew Swift, Membership Secretary 6658 Carnelian Street,
Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91701-4515 USA Phone/Fax 909-483-5590 E-mail cymsociety @prodigy.net
AOR 193
48 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004
CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA
Australian Cymbidium Society Award of Recognition
Kevin Black
Text by Bob Battye and Rob Smith — Photography by Rob Smith
he ACS Award of Recognition is
not an annual award, rather one is given when a nominee deemed worthy of it is put forward by a member state body and is duly accepted by the ACS member state bodies via their dele- gates. Recognition for the award can be for a number or combination of rea- sons as with past recipients who have been recognised for significant hybri- dising achievements, promotion of cymbidiums, development of the gen- era, or service to cymbidiums, clubs and members.
The seventh, and 2004 recipient of the ACS Award of Recognition was nominated for his contributions in a number of areas over some 30 years and, the ACS and its member clubs and delegates congratulate Kevin Black on his receipt of this award.
Kevin’s involvement with cymbidi- ums began with his interest in the orchids his father grew, which led to Kevin’s beginning his own collection. After “dabbling” in orchids for a num- ber of years Kevin began to grow them more seriously 30 or so years ago and has competed at shows for more than 25 years. Through cymbidiums, Kevin got to know the Bryant family and eventually commenced working part- time with Greg Bryant in more recent years when Greg took over the nursery on his father’s retirement.
Around 30 years ago, Kevin and a number of other New South Wales-
Dural Orchids Australia
Our 2004 catalogue is now available containing new mericlones
ACS Award of Recognition recipient Kevin Black (centre) receiving his award from ACS President, Helen Stretch, with CCA(NSW) President, Geoff LeMarne.
based Cymbidium enthusiasts formed a loose group which became the Cymbidium Club of Australia/NSW) some 25 years ago. Kevin, along with Bob Battye, his great mate and fellow hybridiser, are the only remaining founder members of the club and both remain active members and willing workers. Over the years Kevin has held a number of positions with the CCA(NSW) including club President. Not content to promote and develop cymbidiums throughout his home state, he became a foundation delegate of the Australian Cymbidium Society and was a prime contributor as the fledgling national body found its feet and defined its direction, purpose and charter. While serving as a delegate on the ACS committee, he also served as
and seedling crosses. Send self-addressed envelope to:
Dural Orchids Australia P.O. Box 3359, Dural, NSW 2158
Treasurer and, during the same period, was a prime mover and organiser when the CCA(NSW) hosted the National Cymbidium Show on two occasions.
Despite supposedly cutting back on his voluntary workload over the past couple of years to allow he and his wife, Robyn, to enjoy their retirement, Kevin provided his experience and assistance during the club’s prepara- tion for and hosting of the recently held 2004 National Cymbidium Show.
During the past 20 years or so, and in partnership with Bob Battye, Kevin has worked as a Cymbidium hybridiser. Miniature and Intermediate cymbidiums have been the area they chose to concentrate on and Battack Orchids has built a strong reputation for their well planned breeding pro- gram, with crosses such as Cym. Bing Santa, Cym. Mini Khan, Cym. Alcatoy, Cym. Pure Cloud and Cym. Jessie Khan optimising their hybridising phi- losophy of producing compact-grow- ing, floriferous, shapely and colourful cymbidiums.
As aclub member, committee mem- ber and ACS delegate, Kevin has brought a commonsense, balanced and enthusiastic approach to the promotion of cymbidiums and the management of the CCA(NSW) and the ACS. As a hybridiser he has proven to be gener- ous with his knowledge and experi- ence, willing to pass on what he’s learned to others, whether established hybridisers or, more particularly, beginners, or those who’s breeding efforts are strictly amateur.
To date, Kevin Black has built an impressive bank of achievements and contributions worthy of this award and those who know him will confirm that he has much more to give in the future too.
2004 CYMBIDIUM CATALOGUE
SPRINGFIELD ORCHIDS
Owner and Breeder of the
Address: 702 Old Northern Road, Dural, NSW 2158 2003 Seedling of the Year Op en: 6 days (Mon-Sat) 9am-3pm