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eENEAUOGY COUUECTION

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X

THE

ELPHINSTONE

FAMILY BOOK

OF THE

LORDS ELPHINSTONE, BALMERINOandCOUPAR.|

BY

SIR WILLIAM FRASER, K.C.B., LLD.

^^

1212643

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of dJolmne -fir^t.

TITLE-PAGE.

GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS,

INTRODUCTION on Castles, Baronies, etc.

TABULAR GENEALOGY OF THE FAMILY OF ELPHIN- STONE, LORDS ELPHINSTONE, ....

DETAILED MEMOIRS OF THE ELPHINSTONES, LORDS ELPHINSTONE, from the thirteenth century : —

I. John de Elphinstone, first known progenitor of the

Elphinstone family, (T. 1200-1250, II. Mr. John Elphinstone, c. 1250-1265, .

III. John of Elphinstone, i296-i-. 1340,

IV. Alexander of Elphinstone, son of John of Elphinstone

the third of that name, c. 1340-r. 1363, . V. Alexander of Elphinstone, Lord of that Ilk, c. 1363 c. 1370, ......

VI. Sir William Elphinstone of Elphinstone, Knight, c. 1370-^. 1390, . . . . ,

VII. William of Elphinstone, Lord of that Ilk, son of Sir William Elphinstone, Knight, c. 1390-f. 1424, .

PAGE

Ijif et seq.

9-1 1 11-13

CONTENTS.

PAGE

VIII. I. Sir Alexander Elphinstone of Elphinstone, Knight, Lord of that Ilk, son of William of Elphinstone, Lord of that Ilk, r. 1424-1435, . 13-15

VIII. 2. Henry Elphinstone, heir-male of the Elphinstones of Elphinstone, in East Lothian, and ancestor of the Elphinstones of Elphinstone in Stirlingshire, and Lords Elphinstone, 1435-1477, . 16-19

IX. James Elphinstone, younger of Pittendreich, son of

Henry Elphinstone, r. 1450-r. 1477, . . 19-zi

Isabella Bruce, his wife.

X. Sir John Elphinstone of Pittendreich, Erth, and Elphinstone, grandson and successor of Henry Elphinstone of Pittendreich, c. 1477-1508, . 21-35

Euphamia , his first wife.

Margaret , his second wife.

XI. Alexander Elphinstone, first Lord Elphinstone, 1508-

1513. ...... 36-50

Elizabeth Barlow, his wife, Maid of Honour to Queen Margaret Tudor. The Princess Margaret Tudor, Consort of King James the Fourth of Scotland, who were both royal benefactors of Alexander, first Lord, and Eliza- beth, Lady Elphinstone, 1489-1539, 51-68 Elizabeth Barlow, first Lady Elphinstone, . 69-71

XII. Alexander, second Lord Elphinstone, 1513-1547, 72-92

Catherine Erskine, daughter of John, fourth Lord Erskine, his wife.

XIII. Robert, third Lord Elphinstone, 1547-1602, . . 93-106

Margaret Drummond (Innerpeflfray), his wife.

XIV. Alexander, fourth Lord Elphinstone, 1602-1638, . 107-167

The Honourable Jane Livingstone, Lady Elphinstone, his wife.

CONTENTS. ill

PAGE

The Honourable Annas Elphinstone, eldest daughter of Alexander, fourth Lord Elphinstone, Countess of John, twelfth Earl of Sutherland, 1579-1617, . 16S-176

XV. Alexander, fifth Lord Elphinstone, Lord Kildrummy

as a Lord of Session, 1638-1648, . 177-204

Elizabeth Drummond (Perth), Lady Elphin- stone, his wife. XVL Alexander, sixth Lord Elphinstone, 1648-1654, 205-210

The Honourable Lilias Elphinstone, his wife, 1648-

1675, ...... 211-216

XVII. I. Alexander, seventh Lord Elphinstone, 1654-1669, . 217-224

Anne, daughter of Alexander Burnet, Arch- bishop of Glasgow, his wife. XVII. 2. John, eighth Lord Elphinstone, the last Lord who

owned the barony of Elphinstone, 1669-1718, 225-236

Lady Isabel Maitland (Lauderdale), his wife. XVIII. Charles, ninth Lord Elphinstone, 1718-1757, . . 237-244

Elizabeth Primrose, Lady Elphinstone, his wife. XIX. Charles, tenth Lord Elphinstone, 1 757-1781, . . 245-268

Lady Clementina Fleming (Wigton), his wife. Right Hon. George Keith Elphinstone, Viscount

Keith of Stonehaven Marischal, 1 746-1823, 269-274

XX. John, eleventh Lord Elphinstone, 1781-1794, . 275-308

The Honourable Anne Ruthven, Lady Elphinstone, his wife. The Honourable Mountstuart Elphinstone, Statesman

and Historian of India, 1 7 79-1859, 309-319

XXJ. John, twelfth Lord Elphinstone, 1794-1813, 320-326

Janet Hyndford Elliot (of Wolflee), Uowager Lady Gibson Carmichael, his wife, XXII. I. John, thirteenth Lord Elphinstone, Governor suc- cessively of Madras and of Bombay, 1813-1860, 327-345 XXII. 2. John (Fleming), fourteenth Lord Elphinstone, 1860-

1861, ...... 306-307

it)

CONTENTS.

ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME FIRST.

PORTRAITS.

William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen,

Cardinal Beton, .....

George Wishart, the martyr,

Queen Margaret Tudor, ....

Alexander, fourth Lord Elphinstone, 1626,

Ale.^ander, fifth Lord Elphinstone,

The Honourable Lilias Elphinstone, wife of sixth Lord

John, eighth Lord Elphinstone, .

Lady Isabel Maitland, his wife, .

Charles, ninth Lord Elphinstone,

Elizabeth Primrose, his wife,

Charles, tenth Lord Elphinstone,

Lady Clementina Fleming, his wife.

The Right Honourable George Keith Elphinstone,

Keith of Stonehaven Marischal, The Honourable Mountstuart Elphinstone, John, twelfth Lord Elphinstone, . John, thirteenth Lord Elphinstone,

CASTLES AND MANSIONS, Elphinstone Tower, East Lothian, Elphinstone Tower and Church, Dunmore, Ruins of Kildruramy Castle, Aberdeenshire, Carberry Tower, Inveresk, Carberry Tower, Inveresk,

PAGE

Frontispiece

behveen jCtJl'u and X\% %\m and X\X

facing 5 1

„ 107

» 177

Elphinstone, ,, 211

betw

'een 224 and 22^ 224 and 225 236 and 237 236 and 22,-] 244 and 245 244 and 245

facing 269

„ 320 » 327

behveen bl' and tJt'i facing XX'Oi

„ xxix .. xxvi .. xxxiii

MISCELLANEOUS. Elphinstone Aisle at Kildrummy, built 1605, Monumental Stone in Kildrummy Aisle, erected to Thomas Esplein, chamberlain to fourth Lord Elphinstone,

facing 146

148

CONTENTS.

Monumental Stone in Kiidrummy Aisle, erected to William, Patrick, and David Elphinstone, the third, fourth, and fifth sons respectively of Alexander, fourth Lord Elphinstone,

Monumental Stone in Kiidrummy Aisle, erected to Lues Elphin- stone of Bothkennar, sixth son of fourth Lord,

PAGE

facing 164 „ 165

WOODCUT SIGNATURES AND SEALS Signatures of —

William Drummond of Hawthornden, i6io.

Queen Margaret Tudor, 1536,

The same, 1 5 1 8, .

Archibald, sixth Earl of Angus, her second husband, 15:

The same, 1518, .....

Henry, Lord Methven, her third husband, 1536,

Alexander, second Lord Elphinstone, 1528, .

Robert, third Lord Elphinstone, 1577,

Margaret Drummond, Lady Elphinstone, his wife, 1575,

Alexander, Master of Elphinstone, afterwards fourth Lord, 1575,

Jane Livingstone, Lady Elphinstone, his wife, 16 18,

Annas Elphinstone, Countess of Sutherland, c. 1612,

John, twelfth Earl of Sutherland, her husband, 1615,

The same (in Latin), 1615, ....

Lady Jane Gordon, Countess of Sutherland, her mother-in-law, 16 16,

John, thirteenth Earl of Sutherland, her son, 1644, .

William Drummond of Hawthornden, the poet, 1639,

Alexander, fifth Lord Elphinstone, 1645,

Elizabeth Drummond, Lady Elphinstone, his wife, 1645,

Alexander, sixth Lord Elphinstone, 1653,

Lilias Elphinstone, Lady Elphinstone, his wife, 1645,

Alexander, seventh Lord Elphinstone, 1667,

Anne Burnet, Lady Elphinstone, his wife, 1672,

John, eighth Lord Elphinstone, 1680,

Isobella Maitland, Lady Elphinstone, his wife, 1695,

Charles, ninth Lord Elphinstone, 1734,

Elizabeth Primrose, Lady Elphinstone, his wife, 1735,

67 67 67 67 67 92 106 106 162 162 176 176 176 176 176 203 204 204 210 216 224 224 236 236 244 244

^)i cox TEXTS.

PAGE

Charles, tenth Lord Elphinstone, 1777, .... 268

Lady Clementina Fleming, Lady Elphinstone, his wife, 1795, 268

Clementina Elphinstone, afterwards Lady Perth, their daughter, 1785, 26S James Drummond, of Perth, afterwards Lord Perth, her husband,

1785, ........ 268

George Keith Elphinstone, afterwards Viscount Keith, 1 761, 274

The same, as Viscount Keith, 1797, .... 274

John, eleventh Lord Elphinstone, 1785, .... 308

The Honourable Mountstuart Elphinstone, n.d., . 319

The same, n.d., ....... 319

John, twelfth Lord Elphinstone, 1795, .... 326

H.R.H. Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, 1856, . . . 340

John, thirteen Lord Elphinstone, n.d., .... 345

Queen Margaret Tudor, 1527, The same (wafer seal), 1536, Archibald, sixth Earl of Angus, 1514-1556, Robert, third Lord Elphinstone, 1577, Ale.xander, fourth Lord Elphinstone, 1602, Alexander, fifth Lord Elphinstone (signet),

68 68 68 106 162 204

Facsimile Letter —

The Duke of Wellington to the Honourable Mountstuart Elphin-

stone, 8th June 1834,

/aci/ig^ ^16

■M

f*.

tJii

I. Thr Original Castle or Tower of Elphinstone of the Elphinstones, Lords Elphinstone.

About a mile to the east of the summit of Carberry hill, where Queen Mary and Bothwell surrendered to the lords who were confederated against them in June 1567, stands the venerable castle or tower of Elphinstone. With that tower the noble and baronial family of Elphinstone has been identified in a variety of ways for upwards of twenty generations, or for six and a half centuries, reckoning from the year 1250 to the present time.

The owners of Elphinstone Castle have always understood that the present structure was founded by the first known Elphinstone, John de Elphinstone, who can be shown to have been living about 1250, or in the time of King Alexander the Third of Scotland. Eeared on a solid rock for a foundation, on a high tableland overlooking the valley of the Tyne, the castle commands and dominates the rich and varied country stretching eastward from the tower for many miles. Travellers from the east in that district of Hadding- tonshire can never lose sight of the predominant castle as the most striking object in the wide landscape. But the prospects from the windows and battlements of the lofty pile are not restricted to the locality. The tradition in the Elphinstone family is that on a clear day as many as thirteen counties might be seen from the battlements of the tower.' The present appearance of the castle is shown by a photograph coUotyped for the present work.

In the " Castellated Architecture of Scotland " Elphinstone Castle is

' Information of the late William, fifteenth Lord Elphinstone, the owner of the tower, in March 1864.

tiiii OBIGINAL CASTLE OR TOWER OF ELPHINSTONE.

described as one of the most remarkable and best preserved of the Scottish keeps of the fifteenth century. The authors of that valuable work give the fullest account of the castle which has yet appeared, and it is worthy of attention. They say — " It is a simple oblong on plan, fifty feet five inches long by thirty-five feet wide, and fifty-eight feet three inches in height to the top of the parapet. The tower contains . . . five floors in all. It is quite usual for towers of this period to have chambers and closets in the thickness of the walls, but in this case that arrangement is carried to an e.xtreme length, all the walls being honeycombed with a perfect labyrinth of small mural chambers." ^

There are additional interesting particulars given by the authors explana- tory of drawings and plans of the castle which they furnish. Eeferring to a peculiar arrangement in an upper private room within the height of the great hall on the first floor, they say, the room " contains a fireplace, along- side of which a door leads into a window recess in the west wall; this window opens into the chimney-flue of the great hall fireplace, and in the breast of the flue, opposite the window, and at the same level, is a large splayed inner window overlooking the great hall. . . . Thus the lord or lady by stepping out of their private room to this window could overlook what was going on in the hall, subject to the inconvenience of the smoke (when there was any) from the great hall fire." They add that " spy-holes are frequently to be met with in old castles, but this one is of a unique kind. Into this very fireplace there is a small spy-hole from the adjoining staircase." ^ After describing in this manner minutely the numerous wall chambers in the castle, the authors proceed — "This is perhaps the most striking example of the system of wall chambers carried to excess."^

• " The Castellated and Domestic Archi- attention to this practice as possibly being

tecture of Scotland," by David Macgibbon a tradition from the time of the Celtic

and Thomas Ross, 1887, vol. i. pp. 233-2.S7. Brochs, and we believe that a careful study

- Piid. pp. 2ZZ, 2.34. of this plan, and still more of the building

3 Ihid. p. 234. Macgibbon and Ross itself, will tend to confirm this view.'"

add:— "It will be recollected that we drew

ARMORIAL SHIELDS IN THE HALL OF ELPHIiVSTONE TOWER. {X

As throwing light on the antiquity of the castle, the same authors give drawings of the armorial bearings which are carved in stone over the fire- place of the great hall.^ The shields are eight in number, and are neatly engraved. The two first shields are said to represent the Seton family each having three crescents, two and one. The third shield is said to be Maitland, the fourth Douglas, the fifth Menzies, the sixth Johnstone, the seventh Elphinstone, and the eighth Maitland again.

The late Lord Elphinstone took a great interest in this ancient tower, which was reacquired by his grandfather, the Honourable William FuUerton Elphinstone of Carberry, after it had been out of the family, in the hands of the Johnstones and other families, for centuries. The eminent architects from whom we have quoted bear testimony to the great care with which the castle is preserved. In the year 1871, after a visit paid to the castle with his lordship, he sent me very careful pen-and-ink sketches of these eight armorial shields, all drawn with his own hand. He was an excellent draughtsman, and one of his friends once remarked to me that his lordship's pen-and-ink sketches were as fine as steel engravings. These eight sketches of the arms are still preserved, with his remarks upon several of them. On Nos. 3 and 8 of the shields, which are assumed by the architects to be those of Maitlands, Lord Elphinstone remarks — " But I can't make out the dismemberment of the Maitland lion." His lordship says "No. 5 is plain, but in the chief are marks as of two or three lions. It may be stars or anything else, but I have drawn it as it appears." In a subsequent letter his lordship wrote on 21st December 1871 — " As for the Elphinstone Tower shields, the place was out of the family so long, I suspect the shields had reference to those iu possession during the interregnum."

When the author of " The History of Tranent and its Surroundings ' applied to the late Lord Elphinstone for information as to the building of

• "The Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland," by David Macgibbon and Thomas Eoss, 1887, vol. i. p. 237.

VOL. I. h

r PERIOD OF BUILDING OF THE TOWER OF ELPHINSTONE.

the castle, his lordship replied in a letter, dated November 9, 1882, that " Elphinstone Tower was built by John de Elphinstone, who died about the year 1260." Macgibbon and Eoss, in differing from his lordship in this, assign the building of the castle to the fifteenth century.

In support of their opinion they notice the fact of the change of owner- ship after the battle of Piperdean in 1435, where Sir Alexander Elphinstone was killed, when he was succeeded by his daughter Agnes, who married a Johnstone. The fact is quite true. But the succession of the heiress was not favourable to her or her husband, who was a younger son of the house of Johnstone, building the castle, There was a long-continued and almost ruinous litigation between the heir-male and the heir-female of the Elphin- stone family about the succession to the Elphinstone estates. The litigation was compromised. But it is not at all likely that the heiress, who is reputed to have been a posthumous child, would set to work and construct such a castle after such a costly litigation.

The difference of opinion as to the period of building may be reconciled by the fact that John de Elphinstone in 1260 must have had a castle on his lands of Elphinstone, and that in the course of centuries that original castle was probably gradually moulded into the present structure, which still retains the same name of the castle or tower of Elphinstone. In their history of the ancient castles of Scotland, Macgibbon and Eoss show that many of these castles have been altered, added to, and reconstructed in the course of centuries, while still retaining their original name. As an instance of this reference may be made to the castle of Drumlanrig. When it was first acquired by the Doiiglases of Drumlanrig about the year 1400, it was a com- paratively small building. Successive lairds altered and added to the castle, until in the time of Sir James Douglas of Drumlanrig, who died in the year 1578, it was called the " Palace " of Drumlanrig as being built by him. But after his time, though his additions to the fabric had been so great as to raise it to the rank of a palace, his successor, the first Duke of Queensberry,

THE FAMILIES REPRESENTED BY THE ARMORIAL SHIELDS. X\

made the palace a still more imposing structure, and retained the original name of Drumlanrig Castle, although discontinuing the name of palace.

The author of the " History of Tranent " gives the eight armorial coats on Elphinstone Tower in the same terms as the architects above-mentioned, but in reference to shield No. 5, supposed to be that of Menzies, he com- municated with the late Mr. Stoddart, Lyon clerk-depute, who replied by letter, dated 31st March 1883, thus:—

" After a careful search I have not been able to find that any branch of the family of Menzies ever bore two Hons on the chief, which is the bearing of the name in general. The coat cut in stone is not, to my knowledge, a Scottish coat at all ; it is not given in Papworth's Ordinary of Arms for Great Britain and Ireland, and would therefore seem to be hitherto unknown, which makes it all the more interesting."

In old Scottish mansions it was occasionally the practice to insert the royal arms as a mark of loyalty, although the owners of the house were not royally descended. It was also the practice occasionally to display the arms of feudal superiors on some portion of the building by the vassal holding of them. The two Seton shields, Nos. 1 and 2 of the eight coats, may have been placed in the Elphinstone hall out of respect to the Elphin- stones holding under the Setons as successors of the De Quincys in the superiority but not the property of Elphinstone, especially as one of the Seton coats appears to represent the double tressure, although this is not certain, and the other not. The two supposed alliances between the Setons and the Elphinstones indicated by these two Seton shields have never been established ; and, upon the whole, these eight shields are not reliable as the handiwork of any official herald, although of sufiBcient interest to be noticed in any history of the castle. They have been prepared in carefully carved stone, which has ensured their preservation, while other armorial bearings and ornaments, merely painted throughout the castle, have not been prepared for preservation, and cannot now be described.

Xii ELPUINSTONE ACQUIRED BY ROBERT DE QUINCY.

II. The Lands of Elphinstone auound the original Castle.

The great lordship and barony of Travernent, now Tranent, in which these lands are situated, was acquired by Eobert de Quincy from King William the Lion, who also appointed him Justiciary of Scotland.^ The successor of Eoberb, after the death of his son, Seyer de Quincy, Earl of Winton, who died in 1219, Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester, who by his marriage with the heiress of Galloway became Constable of Scotland in 1234, inherited Tranent. He died in 1264, leaving his three daughters, Margaret, Eliza- beth, and Helen, the co-heiresses of his extensive estates. Their respective husbands were William de Ferrers, Alexander Cumming, Earl of Buchan, and Allan La Zuche.

Margaret de Quincy, the eldest co-heiress, obtained the barony of Traver- nent ; the Earl of Buchan, with Elizabeth, the second co-heiress, acquired the lands of Elphinstone and the commonty of Tranent. He also received the high ofSce of Constable. Allan La Zuche received with Helen or Ella de Quincy the lands of Fawside, which adjoin Elphinstone on the north, and the minerals of Tranent.

In the struggle between England and Scotland, the successors of Eoger

de Quincy took part with England against Bruce. This led to the forfeiture

by the victorious king to reward his adlierents, of the lands of the De

Quincys, who supported John Balliol in his claim to the Scottish throne.

Bruce granted charters of the lands of Elphinstone, Fawside, and others, and

of the barony of Travernent to Alexander Seton of Seton.^ But these grants

included the superiority only and not the property, or dominium utile, which

remained with the actual proprietors, the Elphinstones, Fawsides, and others,

■ Robert de Quincy came from Normandy from the king. This revolt brought the De

with William the Conqueror, and received Quincys to Scotland, where Robert made a

from liim many grants of lands in Englaud. fortunate alliance. But in the time of King John the De

Quincys joined the barons at Runnimede, near - Robertson's Index to Missing Charters,

Windsor, and extracted the Magna Charta p. 10, Nos. 22 and 2.'i.

SUPERIORITY ALONE OF ELPHINSTONE FORFEITED, c. 1308. XWX

who had derived their rights from the De Quincys, and who did nothing to forfeit them.

In this connection it is right to notice a mistake in reference to the old and new superiors of the De Quincy lands granted to Seton. In his Heraldry, Mr. Nisbet accounts for the possession of the lauds of Elphinstone, by stating a marriage between one of the family of Elphinstone, and Margaret Seton, daughter of Sir Christopher Seton and Lady Christian, the sister of King Eobert the Bruce, which he says took place in the reign of King Eobert. This marriage, he further says, secured to this member of the Elphinstone family lands in East Lothian, which he called after his own name.^ But Nisbet offers no proof in support of that theory. It is disproved by the fact that the Elphinstones were owners of Elphinstone before Bruce was king, and indeed hefore he was lorn : Nisbet's theory is further disproved by the fact that the Elphinstone lands were acquired by the Elphinstone family anterior to the marriage of Sir Christopher Seton and Lady Christian Bruce, sister of the king. There is nothing to show that there was any issue of that marriage. King Eobert granted charters to Sir Alexander Seton, the successor of Sir Christopher. But in none of these does the king name Sir Alexander Seton as his /ephew, which he would have done had such relationship existed. The undoubted nephew of Bruce, Thomas Eandolph, was invariably designated the king's beloved nephew wherever he was men- tioned in the charters of that king.

Another mistake which has been commonly made, is the assumption that when the families of the co-heiresses of Eoger de Quincy were forfeited, and their lands given to Sir Alexander Seton, the lands were at the same time taken from the Elphinstone family, who in some unexplained way soon afterwards recovered them. It has been already pointed out that the Elphinstone family had continuous possession of the lands of Elphinstone from the year 1250. Now the mistake just mentioned arises from confusing Niabet'a Heraldry, vol. i. p. 151.

ritJ LANDS OF ELPHINSTONE AROUND THE ORIGINAL CASTLE.

the separate and distinct rights of superiority and property of the lands in question. Eoger de Quincy and his predecessors held the superiority of the lands. That superiority was inherited by his three co-heiresses and their families. It was the superiority that was forfeited about the year 1308, and that King Eobert gave to Alexander Seton. The property of the lands from 1250 continued vested in the Elphinstone family, who, after 1308, in their successive heirs, received charters of the lands from time to time from the new superiors, the Setous, as Barons of Tranent.

As has already been stated, the lands of Elphinstone were inherited by Agnes Elphinstone, the heir of line, or the heir-female of the family, in the middle of the fifteenth century. She intermarried with Gilbert Johnstone, one of the Johustones of Annandale, and their descendants continued in possession of the lands of Elphinstone until the middle of the seventeenth century, and were known as Johnstones of Elphinstone. After possessing the estate of Elphinstone till the year 1650, Sir John Johnstone of Elphin- stone, kuight, and Dame Margaret Keith, his spouse, at that date were in pecuniary difficulties. Sir Archibald Primrose of Carrington, Lord Clerk Eegister, and ancestor of the present Earl of Eosebery, befriended the Knight of Elphinstone. He advanced money to him for the purpose of discharging the claims of certain of the creditors. For the money so advanced Sir Archibald obtained bonds over the estate in security. On the death of Sir John Johnstone, in the embarrassed state of his affairs, he was succeeded by his eldest son and heir, Sir James Johnstone. He also was befriended by Sir Archibald Primrose, but although with his powerful assist- ance an endeavour was made to preserve the estate of Elphinstone to the • Johnstone family, it was found impossible. As a last resort, it was arranged that the estate should be absolutely disponed to Sir Archibald Primrose. This was done, and the disposition in his favour narrates the several debts and dUigeuces in the person of Sir Archibald Primrose upon the lands of Elphinstone. It further narrates that by virtue of the rights made in his

ELPHiySTONE DISPONED TO SIR ARCHIBALD PRIMROSE, 1666. VQ

favour, Sir Archibald had the heritable and irredeemable right to the lands of Elphinstone. The legal reversion of the apprising was expired, and the money paid and to be paid by him for redeeming wadsetts far exceeded the value of the irredeemable right of the lands. Still Sir Archibald out of his goodwill had given to Sir James Johnstone considerable sums of money for his subsistence and " outreik." In return for this, in honour, duty, and con- science. Sir James conceived himself obliged to make a suitable recompense so far as it was in his power, and to dispone in favour of Sir Archibald his right which he had to the lands of Elphinstone, with his love, favour, and blessing. Therefore Sir James Elphinstone disponed to Sir Archibald Prim- rose and his heirs the lands of Elphinstone, Tower and fortalice, etc., with a procuratory for obtaining the disponer infeft as heir to his father or grand- father, and a procuratory of resignation with the ratification of all rights standing in Sir Archibald's person and a precept of sasine. The disposition is dated 10th April I666.1 Following upon the resignation by Sir Archibald Primrose, a charter was granted by George, Earl of Winton, as superior of Elphinstone, dated 28th September 1666.

Sir John Johnstone of Elphinstone granted a bond of provision in favour of his children, Margaret, Jean, Elizabeth, John, and Anna Johnstone, for sums of money as their portions, dated 12th September, and registered in the Books of Session 4th December 1664. Three of the daughters named, Margaret, Jean, and Anna, resigned their portions to Sir Archibald Primrose by assignations dated June 1666 and 23rd July 1674.^

The descendants of Sir Archibald Primrose were Sir James Primrose of Carrington, who was created Viscount of Primrose, Archibald, second Viscount

' Inventory of Elphinstone Writs in the was Elizabeth Keith, one of the three co-

Prestonhall charter-chest. heiresses of the Honourable James Keith of

Benholme, uncle of the Earl RIarischal, and

- The warm interest which was taken by the marriage of Margaret Keith, sister of

Sir Archibald Primrose, Lord Register, in the Lady Primrose, with Sir John Johnstone of

Johnstones of Elphinstone arose apparently Elphinstone, Sir John and the Lord Register

from the fact that his lordship's first wife being thus brothers-in-law.

rt)i THE SUCCESSIVE OWNEBS OF ELPHIXSTONE.

Primrose, and Hugh, the third and last Yiscouut of Primrose, who was served heir to his brother Archibald, the second Viscount, in July 1716. Hugh, Viscount Primrose, obtained a decreet of declarator by the Lords of Session against the Commissioners and Trustees for the public, entitling him to hold his lands of the Crown in place of holding them of the Earl of Winton, then attainted of high treason, dated 10th September 1719. ^

Hugh, third and last Viscount of Primrose, became an active officer in tbe army in the year 1727, and died at Wrexham in Flintshire in 1741.

Under a ranking and sale of the lands of Elphinstone they were pur- chased by Sir Hugh Hamilton of Eosehall, who on 7th March 1752 granted a receipt for the whole writs of Elphinstone according to inventory of that date.

Afterwards the Tower and lands of Elphinstone were acquired by Sir John Callander of Westerton and Prestonhall, whose representatives are still owners of lands in Elphinstone. But the ancient Tower of Elphinstone and the Tower Farm belonging to it were acquired in 1813 from the Trustees of Sir John by the Hon. William FuUerton Elphinstone of Carberry. He was third son of the tenth Lord Elphinstone, and great-grandfather of the present sixteenth Lord. Through his marriage with Miss Elizabeth Fullerton, the heiress of Carberry, he acquired that beautiful estate. Carberry is bounded on the east by part of the lands of Elphinstone. Besides the proximity of the Elphinstone and Carberry estates, it was desirable as a mere matter of sentiment that the Tower and Tower Farm of Elphinstone, which had been so long associated with the Elphinstone family, should return to their possession after the lapse of so many centuries.

Two years after his purchase of Elphinstone Tower, the Hon.

William Fullerton Elphinstone, in a disposition dated 26th October 1815,

narrates that the lands of Elphinstone were purchased by him with the

money of John Fullerton Elphinstone, Esquire, younger of Carberry, his

' Inventory of Elphinstone Writs in the Prestonli.-iU charter-chest.

ELPHIE STONE ACQUIRED BY HON. W. F. ELPHINSTONE, 1813. rtJli

eldest son, and for his behoof, on which account it was reasonable that the same should be conveyed to him.- Therefore the granter disponed to John Fullerton Elphinstone and his heirs heritably the lands denominated Elphinstone Tower Farm, bounded as therein described, with the Tower, fortalice, manor-place, houses, buildings, yards, orchards, coals, coal-heughs, etc., being a part of the lands and estate of Elphinstone, in the lordship and barony of Tranent, late regality of Seaton and constabulary of Haddington, within the sheriffdom of Edinburgh.^

According to a plan of the estate of Elphinstone in the possession of Mr. Burn Callander, and prepared after his succession to the Elphinstone estate, Elphinstone then consisted of three principal farms : Tower Farm, Elphinstone Farm, and Buxley Farm. The Tower Farm contained 314 acres, 1 rood, and 34 falls. The Elphinstone Farm, 603 acres, 3 roods, 34 falls. The Buxley Farm, 134 acres, and 26 falls. These principal farms were subdivided into moderate-sized parks or fields. The whole Elphinstone estate was surrounded by the lands of Carberry, Cousland, Ormiston, Tranent, and lands belonging to Lady Hyudford, apparently Fawside.

The late Sir Thomas Dick Lauder of Fouutainhall, who was born in 1784 and died on 29th May 1848, was an accomplished gentleman and popular writer. His own estate of Fouutainhall was situated in East Lothian, only two or three miles distant east of Elphinstone Tower. He well knew the Tower and the grounds and gardens surrounding it. His description as an eye-witness is well worth preserving, although the glory of the place as he described it has long since departed : —

" Even the comparatively modern parts are extremely picturesque, and the south- eastern tower furnishes some lessons iu Scottish architecture that are well worth study- ing. It is still inhabited, and might be made a fine old residence, but tlie grounds around it have been massacred in the cruellest manner. We ourselves recollect, not a great many years ago, that it was associated with a grove of magnificent old trees, but

1 Extract Disposition, dated as above, and registered in the Books of Session 27th October 1816, in Elphinstoue charter-chest.

VOL. I. c

XXiiii ADDITIONS TO ELPHISSTONE CASTLE, 1637 AXD 1607.

these were most mercilessly subjected to the axe. Before our time, however, the grounds to the eastward of the building were laid out in a quaint and interesting old pleasaunce, where, besides the umbrageous trees that sheltered it, all manner of shrubs grew in luxuriance, the ground being laid out in straight terrace walks, squares, triangles and circles ; and, in short, all manner of mathematical figures, with little bosquets, labyrinths, and open pieces of shaven turf" ^

Additions were made to the original castle of Elpliinstoue in the years 1637 and 1697. The first of these additions was for the convenience of the owners of the castle, who at the time were the Johnstones. The period in which they were made is shown by a carved stone over the door, bear- ing the date of 1637. The later additions to the castle were made in the year 1697, when Sir James Primrose of Carrington, afterwards Viscount Primrose, was proprietor of Elphinstone. These two additional buildings were used down to the year 1864 by the tenants of the Tower Farm, but having no architectural interest, they were removed in 1865, when a new and more commodious house was built by the late fifteenth Lord Elphinstone, a little way from the old Tower, for the tenant of the Tower Farm.

III. Cardinal Beton and George Wishaet the Maktyk, both at Elphinstone Tower in 1546, and Johnstone of Elphinstone at the Deathbed of John Knox in 1572.

Elphinstone Tower has acquired notice in the ecclesiastical annals of Scotland in connection with the martyrdom of George Wishart. Wishart was a popular preacher and reformer. At the time of the plague in Dundee he exerted himself there in ministering to the inhabitants. But he was obliged to leave that town through the opposition of Cardinal Beton. He took refuge in the county of Haddington, the country of John Knox,

' Tranent and its surroundings by P. M'Neill, ISS4, p. IS".

WISH ART BROUGHT BY BETON TO ELPHINSTONE TOWER. X\X

where he continued to preach notwithstanding the opposition he there experienced, at the request of the Cardinal, from Patrick, Earl Bothwell, who was sheriff of the county. Wishart, however, found sympathisers in John Knox, Cockburn of Ormiston, Crichton of Brunstane, Douglas of Long- niddry, and other friends in the county. While Wishart was at Ormiston, Cardinal Beton arrived at the Tower of Elphinstone in the expectation of securing him and his prominent East Lothian adherents. Wishart was secured by the sheriff at Ormiston, and carried to the Cardinal at Elphin- stone. The architects, whom we have quoted so fully on the subject of the Tower of Elphinstone, mention an apartment in that Tower called the " guardroom and prison." As Wishart was brought there by the civil power as a prisoner, he was probably consigned to this tower prison. The Car- dinal was no doubt gratified by securing such a prominent preacher, but it is recorded that he was disappointed that only Wishart was caught. He ordered search to be made for his associates, who escaped by flight for the time, but some of them were afterwards secured.

The trial of Wishart for heresy was made the occasion of a great demonstration by the Cardinal and the clergy, and the cruel death to which he was put by strangling and burning at the stake was, no doubt, intended to strike terror among the reformers, and to stamp out by such a bold blow the whole reformation so repugnant to the church. But in the course of three short months the cruel death of Wishart was avenged by the despatch of the powerful Cardinal himself in his own castle of St. Andrews.

When Cardinal Beton and George Wishart were at Elphinstone Tower in January 1546, the owner was apparently Andrew Johnstone, the successor of Gilbert Johnstone, who married Agnes Elphinstone, the heiress of Elphin- stone. Johnstone and his wife, Margaret Douglas, would, as Lord and Lady of the Tower, receive tlie Cardinal and the Eegent Arran, and the military train who accompanied them, in order to make certain of the capture of

rr JOHNSTONE OF ELPHINSTONE AT DEATHBED OF KNOX, 1572.

Wishart. But that reformer made no resistance to his apprehension by Bothwell as sheriff of the county, who formally promised that he would receive no bodily harm.

John Knox and his ancestors bad an early connection with the Bothwell family as their tenants or vassals for several generations, and the Eeformer has been supposed, from their old relations, to speak comparatively sparingly of them. But in reference to the treatment of Wishart by his capture at Ormiston, Knox says that the third Earl Bothwell was made " for money, bucheour to the Cardinall."

In the western gable of Elphinstone Tower there is a great fissure extending nearly from top to bottom, for which architects cannot account, but the country people at Elphinstone settle the matter by saying that that injury to the gable was a sign of God's displeasure at the incarcera- tion of the martyr there '.

Twenty-six years after the Cardinal, the Eegent Arran, and C4eorge Wishart were at Elphinstone in 1546, the Johnstone Laird of Elphinstone is further noticed in the ecclesiastical annals of Scotland, in connection with the last illness and deathbed scene of John Knox, in the following account of that memorable death: "On Sabbath the 23rd November 1572, during the afternoon sermon, Knox became so ill that his secretary, Kichard Bannatyne, thinking that his master's death was imminent, sent to the church for Johnstone of Elphinstone, who immediately repaired to the bed- side of Knox. After sermon many came to visit him. The following day, Monday the 2ith November, was the last day that Knox spent on earth. Besides his wife and Bannatyne, Campbell of Kinzeancleuch, Johnstone of Elphinstone, and Dr. Preston, three of his most intimate acquaintances, sat by turns at his bedside. Knox died the same night about eleven o'clock in the sixty-seventh year of his age. Two days later, on Wednesday the 26th November, he was interred in the churchyard of St. Giles. The Eegent Morton, recently elected, attended the funeral and pronounced

COALFIELDS ON THE LANDS OF ELPHINSTOXE, TRANENT. XXI

these words over his body: — 'There lies he who never feared the face of man ! ' " ^

IV. Coal Works at Elphinstone and Fawside. 1616-1621.

The lands of Elphinstone, like other lands in the lordship of Tranent, were famed for successful working of the coalfields on them, and thousands of tons of coal were worked out annually. According to the old Statistical Account of the parish of Tranent the produce from the Elphinstone Colliery in the years 1790 and 1791 was upwards of 6053 tons and 8348 tons respec- tively. The fifth Lord Elphinstone, while he was Master of Elphinstone and Lord Kildrummie, took a great interest in the coal-working on his own pro- perty in the barony of Elphinstone in Stirlingshire. His lordship also took a lease of the coalfields of Little Fawside, which adjoined the lands of the original property of Elphinstone in the parish of Tranent. In connection with his coal-workings at Fawside, the Master of Elphinstone kept a coal- book, which is entitled : " My Lord Kildromy, his lordship's entrie to the coin and coilhewis of Lytill Fausyd, began wpoun Monday the first of Juli 1616." It extends to April 1621 and shows a considerable weekly and daily production of coal.

In 1620 the Master of Elphinstone and other proprietors of collieries got into no small trouble through public action taken against them for raising the price of this commodity. The circumstances which transpired may be here shortly stated. In November 1619 the Earl and Countess of Wintoun, the Master of Elphinstone, Francis Sommervell, his servant, Johnstone of Elphin- stone, Janet Lawsoun, Lady Fawside, Sir James Eichesoun of Smeytoun, Eobert Richardson of Pencaitland, and David Prestown of Quhythill, met at

1 Life of Knox by M'Crie, Edition 1S55, on IStli May 15/2, was " Johue Johneston,'' pp. 275, 277, 436. One of the three wit- but he is not designated as of Elphinstone. nesaes to the will of Knox, which was made

tXii COAL WORKS AT ELPHIXSTONE AND FAWSIDE.

the place of Fawside. They did so " under pretext and cullour, as thay gaif it oute, to have visite the lady and to have dynnit with her." At this meeting they conferred about their coal-heughs and the price of coal. The result of their conference was that they combined to raise the price of their coal from 3s. to 4s. per load, and also to sell their coal to foreigners as well as to those in Scotland.

This action and combination of these coalowners was highly resented by the public. The popular discontent found expression in a complaint by the Lord Advocate and the " noblemen, barronis, gentlemen and utheris his Majesteis subjectis to burgh and land within the schirefdome of Edinburgh and constabularie of Haddingtoun." The complaint which was given in to the Privy Council on 14th December 1620 narrated the circumstances above described. It alleged that the action of the coalowners was illegal, against all good order and policy, to the hurt of the commonwealth, and the raising, fostering, and entertaining of dearth within the country. The Lord Advo- cate and several gentlemen of East and West Lothian appeared in support of the complaint, and the defenders also appeared. The council decided in favour of the complainers, and decerned that the bond of the coalowners being unlawful was null, that the price of coal be three shillings per load as formerly, and that no coal was to be transported out of the kingdom. 1

This decision of the Privy Council, as might be expected, did not prove satisfactory to the coalowners, who persisted in their combination to increase the cost of coal. Upon the matter coming again before the Council several of the defenders were assoilzied, but Alexander, Master of Elphinstone, John- stone of Elphinstone, and Lady Fawside were ordained to pay a fine of £2000 each, and to undergo imprisonment within the Castle of Edinburgh until they were released by the Council. The enforcement of this sentence the Lords of Council superseded till they gave further charge.-

1 Register of the Privy Council, vol. xii. pp. 387-8. = Ihid. pp. 418-19.

PRIVY COUNCIL COMMISSION ABOUT COST OF COAL, 1621. xriU

It was now the turn of proprietors of collieries to complain of the decreet of the Council. Accordingly, they gave in to the Council a remon- strance on 1st March 1621. They averred that if the Council's decreet became permanent law "it will altogidder undo and wrak thame, and nowayes prove beneficiall to the liegeis." In explanation of their action in raising the price of the coal, they stated " that the chargeis and expenssis, quhilkis necessarlie the complenaris mon beare oute at thair heughis, hes so increst and rissin thir yeiris bigane, that some of thame ar ten and some x.x.™ lib. behind." The case of the Master of Elphinstone is particularly mentioned as illustrating what is above stated —

"As uamelie, the coill of Litle Fawsyde being, as is knowne, sett on fyre, thair lies bene so grite chargeis clebursit be the said Master of Elphiustoun for recoverie of that coin and preventing the utter overthrow thairof be fyre that hardlie can he looke at ony tyme heirefter to redeme his chargeis, quhilkis exceidis alreddie x™ lib. and he is presentlie in winning of ane myne quhilk will coist him more nor iiij™ lib."

Other cases besides that of the Master of Elphinstone, and to the same purpose, the increased cost of working the coal, are given in the remon- strance.

The Council gave commission to John, Viscount of Lauderdale, and other four to visit the collieries, and make inquiries, and report to them.i

On 25th April 1621 a charge was given to the Master of Elphinstone and other owners of collieries to appear before the Council on May 16th, and assist with their advice on the reserved points as to the measures and prices of coal.^ The end of the matter was a compromise to the effect that the coal was allowed to be sold at three shillings and fourpence per load.3

1 Register of the Privy Council, vol. xii. pp. 433-5. - Ibid. p. 474.

' Ibid. pp. xxiii-xxiv, G05-6.

rrit) JOHNSTONE OF ELPHINSTONE AT ARCHERY COMPETITION

The Elphinstone Archer Medal of 1603.

While the Johnstones were owners of Elphiustone Tower, several of them appear prominently in connection with the ecclesiastical business of their times. The visit to Elphinstone by Cardinal Beton and the Eegent Arran has been noticed, as well as the intimate friendship which existed between John Knox and John Johnstone of Elphinstone. But either that Laird of Elphinstone, or his successor, appears to have found time to retire occasionally from Elphinstone to Musselburgh to practise himself in archery. An ancient silver arrow was competed for yearly on the links of Jlusselburgh by the members of the Eoyal Company of Archers. It is known as the Musselburgh Arrow. The victorious competitor received the sum of thirty shillings and a dozen of claret from the magistrates of the burgh, and was bound, in return, to make and append a medal of gold or silver to the arrow before the next annual competition took place. The medal usually bore the figure of an archer in full costume, with the date, and the name and arms of the victor, who was entitled to retain the arrow, with all the medals attached, in his possession for that year. This arrow is an object of much interest as it has attached to it in an almost unbroken series the annual medals from the year 1603. In the collection of Archer medals on the Musselburgh Arrow, the oldest medal bears the date of 1603. On one side is a fully equipped archer with bow and arrow, in position to shoot with drawn bow. At the top of the medal between two cinquefoils are the initials S. I. Under this, and above the head of the archer, is the word Elphinstovne in large lettering. On the obverse side of the medal are the well-known armorial bearings of the Johnstones— a saltier, surtout on the fess point a cinquefoil and three cushions in chief, surmounted by a scroll bearing the motto, ' Gyid them,' and at the foot the date 1603. The annexed

TO WER AND BARONY OF ELPHINSTONE IN STIRLINGSHIRE. XXM

wood-engravings represent this medal, which is the oldest preserved in the collection of the Eoyal Company of Archers.

V. The second Castle or Tower, and first territorial Barony of

ELPHINSTONE IN THE COUNTY OF STIRLING, CREATED IN 1503.

After the loss of the original tower and lands of Elphinstone in East Lothian, the heir-male, Henry Elphinstone, the immediate younger brother of Sir Alexander Elphinstone, knight, who fell at the battle of Piperdean in 1435, obtained the lands which were limited to the heirs-male. Pittendreich or Pendreich, Airthbeg, and other lands, in the shire of Stirling, in this way became the property of Henry Elphinstone. His grandson, Sir John Elphinstone, knight, of Pittendreich, obtained an erection of these lands together with those of Cragorth into the Barony of Elphinstone.i This enabled the heirs-male of the family to revert to their original designation

' Charter of erection, dated 4th January 1503-4. (Register of Great Seal, vol. ii. No. 2765.)

VOL. I. d

rrtJi AIRTll BAROXY ACQUIRED BY SIR JOHN ELPHINSTOXE, 1497.

of Elphinstones of Elphinstoue, while the owners of the original tower designated themselves Johnstones of Elphinstone.

Alexander Elphinstone, who was then designated of Innernochtie, the son and successor of Sir John, was created LoKD Elphinstone in 1509. On the lands of the new barony of Elphinstone a new tower was erected called the tower of Elphinstone, which became the principal messuage of the new barony. It formed the chief residence of the Lords Elphinstone for eight generations of the family down to, and including Charles the ninth Lord. For family reasons he was induced to dispose of the new barony and tower of Elphinstone to the Earl of Dunmore. His lordship erected there a spacious mansion-house called Dunmore Park. A new Episcopal church called St. Andrew's was afterwards built by Catherine, Dowager-Countess of Dunmore, and a burial-ground adjacent to it, also consecrated, with an obelisk to the memory of the Earl and Countess of Dunmore. Dunmore Park and the new church and burial-ground absorbed the site of the old tower of Elphinstone. After the church and burial-ground were completed a lithograph was printed both of the church and ground. This lithograph has been specially collotyped aud is here included.

VL The Barony of Eeth or Airth acquired by Sir John Elphinstone, Knight, of Elphinstone, in 1497.

Before obtaining the erection of the new barony of Elphinstone in 1504, Sir John Elphinstone acquired from his kinsman, Patrick, Lord Lindesay of the Byres, the lands and barony of Airth and the lands of Cragorth in the shire of Stirling.^ The Erths of Erth and their castle of the same name are associated in history with Sir William Wallace, and, in later times, the barony and castle of Airth have been long identified with a branch of the family of Bruce.

1 Charter of Airth, dated 5th November 1497. Confirmation by King James the Fourth, dated 21st November 1498, both in Elphinstone charter-chest.

HISTORY OF THE BARONY AND CASTLE OF AIRTH. XtO\l

One of the many exploits of Wallace, performed during the arduous struggle for the liberty of his country, is associated with the original castle of Erth. The metrical minstrel of the warrior has related at length his daring and successful attack on the castle. Pushing south from Perth towards Stirling, Wallace was stopped there by the English. He hastened down the north side of the Forth to the ferry of Erth, and obtained a boat to ferry him across the Firth. Erth Castle was then governed by Thomlyn of Ware, who was a hard ruler of the district. Wallace succeeded in putting him and all the English soldiers to death. The tower on the west side of the present castle of Erth is still called " Wallace's Tower," and the " turn- pike stair" is still shown as the place where Wallace killed the English garrison.

In " The Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland," by E. W. Billings, architect, there is a beautiful drawing of Airth Castle. There are also descriptive notices of the position of the castle on the summit of a hill about ninety feet above the low-water ground near the Firth of Forth. The drawing of the castle delineates the south and east fronts. The tower and the adjoining building to the left are the oldest external portions of the castle, and date between 1550 and 1600. Mr. Billings explains that the termination of the turret staircase is the cause of the corbelling.

If " Wallace's Tower " and the " turnpike stair," which tradition marks as the spot where the hero despatched the English, be really what tradition affirms, they must have been of a much earlier date than the present tower and turnpike, both of which are of comparatively recent erection. But the tradition may have been transferred from the earlier to the later castle.

In the final battle between the forces of King James the Third and those of his son the prince, which occurred at Sauchieburn, near Stirling, in June 1488, several of the neighbouring proprietors had their mansions burned. In the accounts of the Lord Treasurer for the year 1488 a payment is entered to Eobert Bruce of Ertlit of £100, " to the byggin of his place that was byrnt."

rrtilil ERECTION of AIRTU INTO AN EARLDOM, 1633.

This payment was no doubt intended to assist the Laird of Ertht in rebuild- ing his place.i

The family of Erth of Erth came to be represented by co-heiresses, and the original lands of Erth were divided into portions. The family of More of Abercorn, who succeeded the Erth family, came also to be succeeded by heirs-portioners to parts of Erth. In course of time the lands of Airth were inherited by the Elphinstones and other families, who acquired portions of them. The lands were thus subdivided into fractional parts, sometimes even a seventh part of a fourth part, amongst the families of Bruce, Drum- raond, and Somerville. The feudal titles to the barony of Airth are thus more than usually complicated. At the same time more than one owner of the barony may be traced, either of the property or superiority or of fractional parts of the barony, which was so much dismembered.^ King Charles the First having taken offence at the imprudent boasting of William Graham, the seventh Earl of Menteith, that his blood was redder than the king's, as representing the royal Earl Palatine of Strathern, created him Earl of Airth by patent, dated 21st January 1633. The patent also erected the lands and barony of Airth, in favour of the Earl and his heirs, into one free earldom to be named the Earldom of Airth.^

This new earldom did not effectually accomplish the object which the king had in view in creating it. The grantee only used the title of Airth for a short time, but he resumed his original title of Menteith, which was so closely associated with the title of Strathern. Neither did the grantee nor his successors long enjoy the new creation. The earldom of Airth was apprised by the Earl's creditors, and he made resignation of the earldom in

' Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer, the Bruces, pp. 312 et seq., also in the "Red

p. 90. The Laird of Keir also received a Book of Menteith," 1880, vol. ii. pp. 3G1 el

payment to assist in rebuilding his place for seg.

the same reason. ^ Airth Peerage Claim, 1839, p. 4. His-

' In " The Bruces and Cumyns " much in- tories of the Earldoms of Strathern and

formation is given on the Airth branch of Menteith, pp. 73 and xcii.

THE BARONY OF KILBRUMMY. XX\X

favour of Alexander Bruce of Airth. He obtained a crown charter of the lands in 1648. Through his daughter Jean, Lady Airth, the lands came to the Dundases, and from them to Judge Graham, ancestor of the present proprietor.

William, first Earl of Dumfries, obtained from King Charles the First a charter of novodamus of the lands and barony of Airth, on resignation by WiUiam, Earl of Airth and Menteith, dated 20th December 1633.i The earldom of Airth was not held long by the Earl of Dumfries.

VII. The Baronies of Inveknochty and Kildrdmmy.

Shortly before the creation of Alexander Elphinstone of Elphinstone as Lord Elphinstone in 1509, he received from King James the Fourth a charter of the lands of Invernochty, and many others in the lordship of Strathdon and Garioch, earldom of Mar and shire of Aberdeen.^ After the erection of that barony the grantee was designated of Invernochty during the short interval which elapsed between the erection of that barony and his own creation as Lord Elphinstone. Besides the barony of Invernochty there was a parish of that name derived from the junction of the river Nochty with the river Don. The name was changed to Strathdon, which was considered more appropriate. But the designation of Invernochty was used by several members of the Elphinstone family from time to time. John Elphinstone, parson of Invernochty, was the second son of Alexander, second Lord Elphinstone, and died in 1616. James Elphinstone, who was third son of Eobert, third Lord Elphinstone, was sometime designated of Invernochty before his creation as Lord Balmerino in 1603.

In order to consolidate the lands in the barony of Invernochty and

1 Register of the Great Seal, vol. viii. No. 2266.

- Charter dated 8th August 1507. All these lands -were thereby erected into the free barony of Invernochty.

rrr the elfhin stone owners of kildrummy.

other lands adjacent thereto, a resignation was made of them to King James the Fourth, who made a regrant of them, incorporating the whole into the FREE BARONY OF KiLDKUMMY, the castle of that name to be the principal messuage.^ The castle of Kildrummy was a cherished residence of the Elphinstone family. Alexander, fourth Lord Elphinstoue, and his wife, Jane Livingstone, erected in the year 1604 an aisle, in connection with the parish church of Kildrummy, as a burying-place for the Elphinstone family, and several of their sons were interred there as shown in the collotype monu- ments of them here introduced. After the succession of the late Lord Elphinstone to his peerage in 1861, he, in the following year, repaired the Elphinstone aisle. He also employed a local photographer to photograph the aisle and several of the monumental inscriptions in it, as well as several portions of the ruins. These ruins have been favourite subjects for photo- graphers, and several good photographs of them have been made. One of these by "Wilson and Co. is here introduced in collotype. In the Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland, by Robert William Billings, architect, vol. iii., there are two drawings of portions of Kildrummy Castle, with four pages of descriptive letterpress of the history of the castle, archi- tectural and historical. The writer, who is reputed to have been Mr. John Hill Burton, explains that the original castle was an appanage of David, Earl of Huntingdon, Lord of the Garioch, and a younger brother of King Malcolm the Maiden and King William the Lion. The lordship of Garioch, with the castle of Kildrummy, descended from Prince David to King Robert the Bruce, and the history of the castle is associated with the families of Bruce, Mar, Earl of Mar, Stuart, Earl of Mar, the Erskines, Earls of Mar, and the Lords Elphinstone, one of whom long held the judicial title of Lord Kildrummy. The writer of the history of the castle, although graphic in his descriptions, is not entirely accurate in his statements. He says : — " The stones are all hewn without and 1 Charter dated lOth December 1507.

!

CARBERRY TOWER, OLD LORDSHIP, AND CARBERRY HILL. XXX\

within, and must have been brought from a great distance, as there is not any of the kind of stone in the neighbourhood." Mr. Christie, the late minister of the parish of Kildrummy, pointed out that there is a quarry of freestone quite close to the castle, exactly the same as that which must have furnished the stone of which the castle is built. Kildrummy Castle also forms the subject of several drawings and descriptions in the Architecture of Scotland, by David Macgibbon and Thomas Eoss.^ These are interesting architecturally, but the history which they furnish of the castle is not so thorousfh as that given in Mr. Billings' book.

VIII. CARBERRY ToWER— THE RESIDENCE OF THE LORDS ElPHINSTONE.

Carberry, including the lands, tower and hill of that name, is situated south-east of Musselburgh, in the parish of Inveresk and shire of Midlothian, about seven miles distant from Edinburgh.

Inveresk, the parish to which Carberry belongs, is bounded on the north by the Firth of Forth. For the most part fertile downs, about half a mile in breadth, stretch along the shore. Behind this belt of land there is a gradual ascent of undulating ground, covered with verdure, from which rises Inveresk Hill, Falside Hill, and a little farther to the south Carberry Hill, about 5i0 feet above the level of the sea. On the northern slope of the latter is Carberry Tower. The entire district forms part of a beautiful and attractive land- scape ; and its deeply interesting historical associations form important and material additions to its charms.

Carberry has held its present name with slight modifications from a period of considerable antiquity. Originally Crefbarrin, then Crebarrin, Crebarri, and Carbarrin, the name gradually assumed the form of Carbarrie, and latterly, as at present, Carberry.

1 "The Castellated and Domestic Architectxire of Scotland," 18S7, vol. i. pp. 108 et seq.

rrrii history of the lands of caeberry.

The lands of Carberry can be traced in history for the long period of nearly eight hundred years. The earliest mention of them is in the beginning of the twelfth century, in the time of King David the First of Scotland. The lands were previously in the hands of the crown. How long they had been so has not been ascertained. From the crown, at the time referred to, they passed as a royal gift into the possession of the monastery of Dunfermline.

In the reign of King David the First the religious houses in Scotland, which were already numerous, were greatly increased in number. So much was this the case that his benefactions to these houses not only became a leading feature of his reign, but they stripped the crown of so many of its landed possessions for the purpose of founding and endowing the houses that he earned the satirical sobriquet, by which he has since been known, of the " sair saunt to the croon."

Some idea of the profuse liberality of this king to the church may be formed from the fact that the monasteries of Kelso and Holyrood, the abbeys of Melrose, Xewbattle, Jedburgh, Dryburgh, Cambuskenneth, and Kinloss, the priory of Lesmahagow, and the Cistercian convent of Berwick, were all founded and endowed by him. Besides these, he remodelled other religious houses in the kingdom. He bestowed upon the whole most extensive and valuable territories. The monastery of Dunfermline was not founded by King David the First, but it was restored by him,^ and he largely augmented and enriched its endowments.

Inveresk at this early period was divided into Inveresk Minor and Inveresk Major. The former had already been bestowed by King Malcolm Canmore and Queen Margaret, his consort, on the monastery of DunfermUne. King David the First confirmed by charter the gift of King Malcolm, and other gifts made to the monastery. He also in the same charter added to these gifts that of Inveresk Major, with mills and fishings, Smithetun, and Crefbarrin or Carberry, and many other subjects.^ The charter is undated, but the date may be stated approximately as c. 1125.

• Regiatrum de Dunfermelyn, p. xi. ^ Ibid. p. 5.

^^'IWPp'

GIFT BY KING DAVID THE FIRST OF CARBERBY. XXXXW

Aboixt the same time, King David the First gave a separate charter of Crefbarrin to the monastery of Dunfermline, which shows that the place was of some importance. This charter, unlike the one quoted above, is brief; and, on account of its early date and its having relation solely to Carberry, it is here subjoined : —

"Dauid Rex Scottorum, omnibus horainibus suis, salutem. Sciatis me dedisse et concessisse ecclesiae Sanctae Trinitatis de Dunfermelyn in elemosina, Crefbarrin. Testibus, Johanne episcopo, E[duardo] cancellario, et Hugone de Morevill. Apud Elbotle."!

The charter translated is as follows : —

David, King of Scots, to all his subjects, greeting. Know ye that I have given and granted to the church of the Holy Trinity at Dunfermline, the land of Carberry in almsgift. Witnesses, John the Bishop, Edward the chancellor, and Hugh of Morville. At Elbottle.

For the long period of nearly a hundred and fifty years subsequent to the granting of this charter, or down to 1277, there are charters by the four kings, Malcolm the Fourth, William the First, Alexander the Second, and Alexander the Third, who all in turn succeeded King David, confirming the monastery of Dunfermline in their possession of Crefbarrin.^

These successive confirmations show that from c. 1125 to 1277 the monastery of Dunfermline continued to hold Crefbarrin and the other lands mentioned therein. During this latter part of the period, however, in the reign of King Alexander the Second, the monastery appears to have parted

' Registrum de Dunfermelyn, p. 9. In a Bull to the monastery of Dunfermline, in

Bull in favour of the monastery of Dunferm- which Crebarrin is again included. The

line. Pope Lucius the Third took under his Bull is given at Parusii, Sth Ides of October

protection all the possessions of the monas- (Sth October) 1234. \Ihid. p. 176.]

tery, including, along with others, Wymet, ^ jud^ pp jg^ 28, 40, and 46. In these

Crebarrin, and Smithetun. The Bull is ch.arters the lands are variously named

dated Verofl, 14th Kalends of November Crefbarri and Crebarrin. In c. 1230 there is

(19th October) 1184. {Ihid. pp. 156-158.] mention of the wood of Crebarrin. [Ihid.

Pope Gregory the Ninth granted a similar No. 180, p. 102.]

VOL. I. e

rrn't) the early owners of carberrt.

with its right of property in the lands of Crefbarrin, and to have retHined only the superiority. This is borne out by the fact that in c. 1230 Carberry, as will afterwards be shown, was in other hands. Sometime previous to that year, probably when it was acquired by its new owners, Crefbarrin must also have been erected into a lordship. The date and circumstances of its erection have not been preserved, but about the period just mentioned, it is described in two charters as a lordship. These charters also show that the new owners of Carberry had no surname.

One of the charters is by Adam, the son of Patrick of Crebarrin, to the church of the Holj' Trinity of Dunfermline, and to the abbot and convent thereof, of four bovates of lands of his lordship of Crebarrin, and two bovates that were warland in the same town, free from all services, forfeiture and demand, and other subjects. For the whole the grantees were to render at the feast of St. Michael a pair of iron spurs. The granter was to answer for all services to the king. Among the witnesses to this charter are John of Crebarrin, whose seal is stated to be appended to the charter, Arcombaldo de Crebarrin, and Peter his brother.^

In another charter John of Crebarrin granted to \V[ilIiaiii], abbot of Dunfermline, eighty acres of his lordship (dominio meo) of Crebarrin, with a croft, for fifteen years, the term beginning at Martinmas 1232.^ The same Adam and John of Crebarrin, respectively, in other charters still preserved, gave to the church of the Holy Trinity portions of land in their fee of Crebarrin.^ In the case of Adam, his gift was, with consent of Alan of Fawside, of all the lands which Alan held of the granter's father and of the granter himself, in his fee of Crebarrin, for six pennies yearly.* It is apparent from these charters that Patrick had held tlie lands of Crebarrin before Adam his son. Carberry is not again, after the date of these charters referred to as a lordship.

1 Registnim de Dunfermelyn, pp. 102, 103. ^ Tbkl. pp. 103-105.

2 Ibid. pp. 104, 105. ^ Ibid. pp. 103, 104.

PATRICK, ADAM, AND JOHN OF CREBARRIN. XXXM

It will be observed that Alan of Fawside had a part of Crebarrin which he held of Patrick and Adam of Crebarrin above mentioned, and which with his consent was given to the church of the Holy Trinity of Dunfermline in the manner described. He would appear to have received the same or another portion of Crebarrin back, and thereafter to have held it of the church. There is a charter by him quitclaiming to the church of the Holy Trinity five times twenty acres of the land which he held of the same in the fee of Crebarrin, viz., sixty acres in le Wyteside, and three bovates in les Laybrokes, for the salvation of his own and also that of his father's and mother's souls.^

In another charter by Alan of Fawside to the abbot and convent of Dunfermline, he agreed to pay them, at the vigils of St. Michael, five shillings silver for the land he held of them in the fee of Crebarrin, and to pay teind and multure for the same, and make homage and fealty. Adam of Crebarrin is one of the witnesses to this charter.^

For the long period of two centuries and a half, or from the year 1277 when King Alexander the Third, as already stated, confirmed to the monastery of Dunfermline their possession of Carberry, to the year 1543, there is very meagre information about Carberry. Whether the descendants of John and Adam of Crebarrin and of Alan of Fawside inherited Carberry, and if so, for how long it continued in their respective families, does not appear. Indeed, they drop out of notice after the transactions referred to, and so far as known do not again figure in connection with Carberry. But the superiority of the lands, and, probably, to some extent at least, the property, continued vested in the monastery of Dunfermline during the whole of that time.^

1 Registrum de Duufermelyn, No. 186, any date. They appear to range from c. 1230 p. 105. to c. 1235.

' Carberry and other gifts were confirmed

- Pad. No. 187, p. 106. None of the to the monastery of Dunfermline by great charters now described from Adam and John seal charter on 22nd March 1450-1. [Regia- of Crebarrin, and from Alan of Fawside, bear ter of the Great Seal, vol. ii. No. 429.1

XXVOi GARBERRY ACQUIRED BY MR. HUGH RIG, 1543.

When next Carberry comes into notice, Mr. Hugh Eig, a burgess in Edinburgh, and Jonete Hoppare, his spouse, receive a nineteen years' lease of the lands, coal pits, coal heughs, and coals of Carberry, extending to forty- eight oxgangs of land, from Whitsunday 1541. The whole subjects are described as lying in the shire of Musselburgh, regality of Dunfermline, and sheriffdom of Edinburgh. Mr. Eig and his spouse, however, soon obtained a more permanent holding of Carberry. The lease was two years later followed by a charter from George, archdeacon of St. Andrews and commendator of Dunfermline, which received confirmation from Queen Mary, of the lands and others contained in the lease in feu-farm. For their holding of these they paid annually 40 lib., 12 bolls of corn, and 48 capons. To the convent for their pittances they paid 40s. For the coals, etc., they gave a tenth of what happened to be found there. Duplication of the feu-farm was to take place at the entry of an heir. They were also to render three suits at the three head pleas in the Tolbooth of Musselburgh, with multures to the mills of Musselburgh. Alienation was forbidden unless with consent of the abbot. The charter is dated at the monastery of Dunfermline on 22ud May, and confirmed on 21st July 1543.^

The new owners of Carberry were a family of some importance. Hugh Eig, the first of the family who owned it, was a burgess of Edinburgh. George Buchanan, who was his contemporary, describes him as remarkable for his huge body and great personal strength.- He was a lawyer, and was admitted an advocate on 16th November 1537. Knox states that in 1540 "Maister Hew Eig, then advocattis," bore testimony to the remorse of Thomas Scott, justice-clerk, for his condemning to the stake many of the early reformers.^

Upon his receiving Carberry in feu-farm in 1543, George, commendator of

1 Register of the Great Seal, vol. iii. No. 2941.

2 History of Scotland— Aikman's Edition, 1829, vol. ii. p. 308.

3 Knox's History — Wodrow Edition, vol. i. pp. 69, 70.

CARBERRY TOWER BUILT, c 1543. imOU

Dunfermline, granted to Hugh Eig and Jonet Hoppar, his spouse, a discharge for V lib. viii sh. which fell to be paid under the new arrangement, in augmentation of the rental of the lands, during the unexpired period of the lease of 1541.i He was present at the swearing in, on 5th October 1545, in presence of the lords of council, of sheriffs commissioned by Queen Mary for serving Hugh Montgomery, afterwards second Earl of Eglinton, as heir of Hugh, first Earl of Eglinton, his grandfather.^ He was tutor to Margaret, daughter of George, fourtli Lord Home. Nisbet, who states this in his Heraldry, says he had seen a writ of Hugh Eig, as tutor to this lady, in 1546, to which was appended his armorial seal bearing a saltier between three mullets, one in chief and two in the flanks, with a crescent in base.*

The date and even the period in which Carberry Tower was built has never been definitely ascertained and settled. There is reason to believe, however, that immediately upon Hugh Eig obtaining a charter of the lands he resolved to erect a mansion on them with a view to his residing on the estate. There is no trace, either in public or private records, of the existence of any tower on Carberry previous to the time of the Eig family coming into possession of it. The presumption is that if there had been such an erection on the lands during the long period, or a part of it, when they were, so far as known, retained in the hands of the abbot and monks of Dunferm- line, it would have been used as one of their residences and in this character have been frequently mentioned in their register.

On the other hand, the absence of any reference to such a building during their occupancy of the lands gives rise to the inference that it was not built previous to the year 1543, and that Hugh Eig then or soon after had it built as his family residence.

1 Registrum de Dunfermelyn, No. 552, p. 392.

^ Memorials of the Montgomeries, Earls of Eglinton, vol. ii. p. 135.

3 Niabet'a Heraldry, 2nd Edition, 1804, vol. i. p. 145.

tXtOiii DESCRIPTION OF GARBERRY TOWER.

As formerly stated, Carberry Tower is situated on the northern slope of Carberry Hill, and commands an extensive view of the fertile plain which stretches from the hill towards Edinburgh. Built in unsettled and troublous times, it was made to answer the twofold purpose of a residence and place of defence, and was therefore made of iinusual strength. The imposing walls of the tower, which are seven feet in thickness, are evidence of this. It is vaulted both over the ground floor and again under the flat roof at the top of the tower. The parapet walls are also of massive thickness, with inclined coping, and pierced with two wide gunholes below the coping. From a corner of the tower above the porch there rises a stand constructed of stone to hold an iron beacon, from which signals of danger could be displayed to the surrounding country.^ On the corbelling below the parapet there are a series of winged cherubs. Hugh Eig had coat armour : but instead of displaying any portion of it, he preferred the cherubs, which suggested the couplet —

" Auld Hugh Eig was very big, but a bigger man was lie When his cherubs chirped on his new Tour of Carbere."

About seventy years ago, Carberry Tower was adapted to modern require- ments. A collotype of the tower, as it now appears, is given in these pages. What now forms the kitchen of the house was formerly, to all appearance, used as a guard-house where prisoners could be lodged. To the south of the tower in the garden is a dial bearing the date 1579. There are also other two dials, beautiful works of art, and of ancient date, at Carberry.

Besides the building of Carberry Tower, historical events of great importance connected with Carberry took place in the time of Hugh Eig, who was himself associated with the one falling first to be noticed. This

1 Descriptions of Carberry Tower are given in The Castellated and Domestic Architecture of Scotland, by Macgibbon and Ross, vol. iii. pp. 430-432 : also in the New Statistical Account of Scotland, vol. i. pp. 278-279.

HUGH RIG OF GABBERRY AND THE BATTLE OF PINKIE, 1547. XXXXX

event was the battle of Pinkie, fought on the 10th September 1547. If the building of Carberry Tower was completed at this time, from its windows and parapets a clear view of the battle would be obtained. In any case the top of the hill and even its western slopes would be a vantage ground from which the struggle, so fatal to Scotland, could be seen by a spectator. The site of the battle stretches from the How Mire to the Carberry and Falside Hills, or from the village of Carberryhill to that of Inveresk.

The story of the battle is well known, and has already been told in this volume, in the memoir of Alexander, second Lord Elphinstoue, who was one of those who fought and was slain in the battle. It is, liowever, necessary to give some relation of it here in order to point out the impor- tant part acted by the Eig laird of Carberry, in the events which immediately preceded it.

Mary Queen of Scots and King Edward the Sixth of England were both in minority. Prompted by the dying wish of King Henry the Eighth, the father of Edward, England resolved that the two sovereigns should be allied in marriage. Scotland was opposed to the match. England would take no refusal, and Protector Somerset led an army of 16,000 men into Scotland, and encamped between Preston and Tranent. The Scottish army, assembled to defend their country and Queen, numbered 36,000 men under the Eegent Arran. These took up their position between two and three miles to the south-west of Musselburgh. Somerset finding himself opposed by superior numbers, and seeing the strong position taken up by Arran, made proposals to avoid bloodshed, which were refused by the regent. Thereafter Somerset sent overtures to the Scottish army, the chief article of which was that Queen Mary should not be contracted in marriage for a period of ten years. The overtures were drawn up in a conciliatory spirit. Arran com- municated them to four persons only, whom he took into his confidence. Hugh Rig of Carberry was one of the four. The other three were rela- tions of Arran. None of them had experience of military affairs. By their

rl MR. HUGH RIG OF GARBERRY AND THE REGENT ARRAN.

advice the overtures were concealed from the Scottish nobility in case they should be accepted by them, and rumours were circulated which eventually led to the battle so disastrous to Scotland. The Scottish army was defeated with great slaughter.^

The confidence which the Eegent Arran reposed in him showed his influence in the country. The advice which he gave, however, was un- fortunate. It may have proceeded from interested motives. Certainly at the time there were those who believed that this was the case, and that he and the abbot of Dunfermline had procured the final order of the regent to advance to the battle. Knox, who makes this statement in his history, says, " At lenth a charge was gevin in the Governouris behalf with sound of trumpett, that all men should merche fordwarte, and go ower the watter. Some say that this was procured by the Abbote of Dumfermeling and Maister Hew Eig for preservation of Carbarry."^

The event next claiming attention in relation to Carberry is the surrender there of Queen Mary to the confederate lords. Twenty years had elapsed since the battle of Pinkie. • On this occasion Scotland was not risen against England, but against its own queen, on whose behalf Pinkie had been fought. Then, at Pinkie, England demanded the marriage of Queen Mary to her king. Now, at Carberry Hill the marriage of the queen to Bothwell was the disturbing element which occasioned the warlike gathering there.

The marriage of Queen Mary and Bothwell, and especially the circum- stances connected with it, were highly displeasing to the country. The most of the nobles rose in arms against the queen and Bothwell. On 1 2th June they issued a proclamation charging the latter with the murder of Darnley, the abduction of the queen, and the inducing her to enter into a dishonest and unlawful marriage with himself.^ Bothwell and the confederate lords

' Buchauan'a History of Scotlaud, Aikuian's edition, vol. ii. pp. 306-310. Lindsay of Pitacottie's History of Scotland, third edition, 17SS, pp. 300, 304.

2 Knox's History, Wodrow edition, vol. i. p. 211. ^ Hid. pp. 557, 55S.

SURRENDER OF QUEEN MARY AT CARBERRY HILL, 1567. XM

mustered their opposing forces and met in battle array on Carberry Hill on 15th June 1567. After some conference with the queen, Bothwell left the field and fled to Dunbar, while Mary surrendered herself to the lords, who that night brought her to Edinburgh, and on the day following sent her a prisoner to Lochleven Castle.

There was a painting of the battle array at Carberry Hill in 1567 in Ken- sington Palace, which was presented to the royal family by the Eight Honourable Thomas, Earl of Pomfret, in 1738. An engraving of this picture was made in 1742, a copy of which is now at Carberry. The following description of the engraving will give some idea of the scene on the hill on this memorable occasion : —

On the right is seen Queen Mary's army drawn up in order of battle, and with the Royal Standard unfurled, rising above a fore-st of spears. In front of this array is represented a line of cannon in full blaze. At the rear some of the soldiers are represented riding away as if deserting the Queen.

On the left side is the opposing host of the confederate lords of Scotland also drawn up in battle array. In front of them is borne a large banner showing the body of the murdered king, Henry Darnley, stretched on the ground at the foot of a tree, with the young Prince James kneeling beside it, and written at the top is the sentence : — "Judge and revenge my cause, 0 Lord." Their army is arranged in three battalions ; in front of the left one are a number of trumpeters sounding ; in front of the central one is borne the large banner just described, and behind it, conspicuous above the host of spears, are the banners of the confederate nobles, viz. : — Glencairn, Atholl, Erskine, Ruthven, Boyd, Semple, etc. ; while along with the right wing are the banners of Douglas, Home, and Murray.

In the centre of the field, between the two armies, is Queen Mary seated on horseback and followed by a mounted female attendant. She is advancing towards the confederate lords, her horse being led by the bridle by the Laird of Grange, to whom she liad surrendered herself.

Away in the distance the figure of Bothwell is observed leaving the field with all possible speed, and making his way over the hills to a safe retreat in the castle of Dunbar.

An effective background to the scene is formed by the hills of Dunbar, and the town of Dunbar itself, duly named, is shown at the extreme left of the picture.

VOL. I. /

rlii BATTLE ARRAY AT CARBERRY HILL, 1567.

In the foreground, and also towards the left side of the picture, Edinburgh is repre- sented by the castle perched on its impregnable rock, St. Giles, with its inimitable crown, surrounded by a cluster of dwelling-houses, and the palace of Holyrood standing alone in its grandeur, with Arthur Seat and Salisbury crags towering over all.

At the foot of the engraving, supporting a tasselled scroll, is a regal crown, flanked on one side by a unicorn and on the other by an eagle vorant, ornamented with battle- axes and other warlike implements. On the scroll is the following inscription : —

" The Battle-Array of Carberry-hill, near Edinburgh, with the Surrender of Mary Queen of Scots to the Confederate Lords of Scotland, and the escape of Earl Bothwell, 1567."

Printed round the margin of the engraving ^ is the following quaint description, of which we append a translation : —

IN BELLVM PRODEVNT SCOTORVM REGINA TRADITORQVE BOTHWELLVS : CONTRA QVOS VENIVNT REGNI ILLIVS PROCERES LAMENTABILE HOC QVOD VIDEAS FERENTES VEXILLVM ; PROFLIGATVS BOTHWELLVS AD DVNBARVM IN CASTELLVM FVGIT : REGINA VERO SIMPLICI HABITV DEFORMATA SESE IN MANVS NOBILIVM DEDIT : IN QVORVM CONVENTV DICTVM EST JVDICIVM IN CAEDIS SVPERIORIS PRINCIPES DVOS.

Translation.

The Queen of Scots and the Traitor Bothwell go out to war : against whom come the chief men of that kingdom carrying this lamentable banner, which you see ; the profligate Bothwell fled to the castle of Dunbar. The Queen, however, arrayed in a mean habit, surrendered herself into the hands of the nobles, in whose convention judgment was given against the two chief actors of the above-mentioned slaughter.

The stone on which Queen Mary sat while she conferred with Kirkcaldj' of Grange is still pointed out on Carberry Hill as the " Queen's Seat." The spot is also marked by a copse erected by John FuUerton of Carberry, the uncle of Elizabeth, heiress of Carberry, to whom William Fullerton Elphinstone of Carberry was married. In commemoration of the battle array the late William, fifteenth Lord Elphinstone, also erected a large stone on the

' The engraving is subscribed, "Geo. Vertue, delin. et sculp. 1742." On recently inquiring at Kensington Palace about the painting of Carberry Hill, we were informed

that the paiuting is not now at that palace.

HISTORY OF MR. HUGH RIG OF CARBERRY. X\\\\

summit of the hill, having engraved on it an antique crown and the mono- gram M.E.

Hugh Eig of Carberry and Janet Hopper, his spouse, obtained from Eobert, commendator of Holyrood, an assedation or lease of ten garbals of the lands and town of Mortoun, in the parish of Liberton, and shire of Edinburgh. The charter is dated 31st July 1546.i

Throughout his career Hugh Eig was actively employed in public affairs. Instances of this have already been noticed. In addition to these there are his parliamentary attendances and appointments, which extended to the close of his life. In 1538, he was depute constable in parliament.^ Commissioned by the king and council, along with certain of his colleagues, as advocates, to be procurator for Sir James Coluill of Est Wemys, knight, who was accused of treason, Hugh Eig declared in the 1539 parliament his willing- ness to do as commissioned, but protested that his doing so should not be imputed to him as a crime.^ In the years 1544, 1545, and 1546, he was in parliament for Edinburgh and also on the articles.* In the same years he was one of the commissioners for holding parliament.^

On the death of Hugh Eig, probably soon after 1546, his son, James Eig, succeeded to the inheritance of Carberry. John Knox, the reformer, in his testament, which he made on 13th January 1572, the year of his death, includes James Eig among his debtors for teinds and maills. The following extract from the testament shows the extent and nature of the debts : —

" Item, restand awand to the said umquhile Johnne, the sowmes underspecifeit, as for ane part of the sylver of his said stipend of the said yeir of God I™ v" Ixxij yeiris. In the first be James Kig of Carberry for the half teynd of Cowsland xxxiij'' vj^ viij''. ... Be James Rig of Carberry for maill thereof, xx'V *

It is apparent from this excerpt that Cousland was at this time one of

1 Charters of Holyrood, pp. 273, 274. * Ibid. pp. 446, 455, 467, 468, 471.

5 Ibid. pp. 449, 454, 470.

2 Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, « M'Crie's Life of Knox, edition 1855, vol. ii. p. 352. 3 jf)i,i p, 353 Appendix, p. 457.

rlit) COUSLAND POSSESSED BY THE RIGS OF CARBERRY.

the territorial possessions of the Kigs of Carberry. Cousland was about this time annexed to the parish of Cranston, in the shire of Edinburgh. It does not appear when the family acquired the estate. If it belonged to them in the time of Hugh, the father of James, he must have suffered loss by the burning of Cousland by the Protector Somerset when he invaded Scotland in 1547.

James Eig, the laird of Carberry, served on the jury in the trial of John Sempill of Beltries for being concerned in the slaughter of the Eegent Morton.^ The trial took place on 15th June 1577. He served in the same capacity in another trial in 1579-80.^ In 1590 "Carbarry " is included in the roll of landlords in the shires of Scotland.^ He died about the year 1600, when, on 29th January, his son, Quintigernus Eig, was retoured heir to his father, in a tenement in the burgh of Edinburgh.* Quintigernus Eig had a charter of the lands of Carbarrie on 1st April 1600.^ In 1627, James Eig was in possession of Carberry. He was probably a son of Quintigernus Eig, who must have died before then. In the year mentioned the name of James Eig occurs in a list of the teindable lands of the parish of Inveresk, prepared by a royal commission appointed to collect information regarding parish endowments in Scotland. The extent of the teindable subjects for which he was liable is set down in the list as the "12 pleuch lands ' of " Carbarrie." ^ In 1643, he was on the committee of war for Edinburghshire.'' He died in or before the year 1655.

Upon the death of James Eig of Carberry, William Eig of Carberry succeeded him. There are several references to him in the minute-book of the kirk-session of Inveresk parish church. On May 29th, 1655,

' Pitcairn's Criminal Trials, vol. i. j). 72.	5 Registrum de Dunfermelyn, p. 495.
2 Ihid. p. 84. 3 Register of the Privy Council, vol. iv. p. 783.	« Inveresk Parish Lore, by R. M'D. Stir- ling, pp. 111-114.
< Special Retours for the County of Edin-	7 Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland,
burgh.	vol. vi. part i. p. 52.

THE RIGS OF CAEBERRY FROM 1543 TO 1659. X\0

liberty was given him to make his seat in the church more convenient. In granting this permission, however, the Session required him to " cause repair his yle (aisle) with furmes (forms), that so the common people may have the more convenience to sitt upon." The Session further called upon him to strike out lights (windows) "that the church may be better en- lightened therby." ^ A dispute about the tokens of the church was referred for settlement to William Eig and other three lairds on 24th July of the same year.^ He was an elder in the church, and consequently a member of the kirk-session. On 4th November 1659, he was elected a ruling elder to the Synod.^ This laird of Carberry was likewise a commissioner of supply during the years 1655, 1656, and 1659.* William Eig of Carberry was married to Jannet Dishingtoune, and they had a daughter, Mary Eig, in 1658.

The property of Carberry had now continued in the family of Eig for five generations, from the year 1543 to 1659, a period of a hundred and sixteen years. Their feudal superior for the first forty-four years of that time, or down to 1587, was the monastery of Dunfermline. In that year, as a result of the Eeformation, the act of annexation of church lands was passed in Parliament, annexing all temporal benefices to the crown.^ By that act the lands of the monastery of Dunfermelyn became vested in the crown. In the case of Carberry, one of these lands, a four and a half centuries of continuous possession was thus terminated.

In the same year, 1587, in which the act of annexation was passed, on 28th July, King James the Sixth, on reaching his perfect age, granted and quit-claimed to John Maitland of Thirlstane, knight, his vice-chancellor and secretary, the lordship and barony of Musselburghshire, including the town and lands of Smetoun, Inveresk, Carbarrie, and others, and all other

1 Inveresk Parish Lore, by R. M'D. Stir- * Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, ling, p. 135. vol. vi. part ii. pp. 839, 851, 852.

2 Ibid. p. 136. 3 /6j(i_ p. 140. = Ibid. vol. iii. pp. 431-437.

rItJi CARBERRY INCLUDED IN DOWRY OF QUEEN ANNE, 1594.

lands formerly belonging to, and now resigned by the monastery of Dun- fermline. The king incorporated the whole into the barony of Musselburgh, with free regality, etc.^

Additional charters of the lordship, barony, and regality of Musselburgh- shire, including the lands of Carberry, were given to John, now Lord Thirlstane, chancellor of Scotland, confirming the one of 1587. There were two charters to him and Jean Fleming, his spouse, dated respectively 21st December 1591,^ and 15th July 1593,^ and one to him and his spouse, in liferent, and to John, Master of Thirlstane, their son, in fee, dated 7th March 1593-4.*

On the same date as this last charter, King James the Sixth, who granted it, also gave a grant of the same lands to Queen Anne of Denmark, his consort, as part of her marriage dowry .^ These two conflicting charters created conflicting rights which led to litigation between the respective grantees of the lands. The matter was finally settled in favour of Lord Thirlstane on the ground of the previous grants which he had received of them. Thereafter Carberry and the rest of the regality of Musselburghshire were inherited by the descendants of Lord Thirlstane, the Earls and Dukes of Lauderdale, to the close of the life of John, fifth Earl of Lauderdale, when, in 1709, the greatest part of the regality was purchased by Anne, Duchess of Buccleuch and Monmouth.

WiUiam Kig of Carberry was the last of his family who possessed Carberry. Soon after the period in which mention is last made of him, Carberry was acquired by Sir Adam Blair. On 23rd December 16G9, Sir Adam obtained from Parliament the ratification of a charter granted by the king, for himself, and as Prince and Steward of Scotland, under the great seal, in his favour, of the three merk lands of Over Lochrig, and others, in

» Register of the Great Seal, vol. v. No. 1305. The charter of the lands is dated the day before the passing of the act of annexation, which was on 29th July, and thus anticipate it by one day.

2 Ihid. No. 1982. ' Ihid. No. 2352. * Ibid. vol. vi. No. 73. ° Ihid. No. 75.

THE BLAIRS AND DICKSONS OF CARBEREY. X\W

the bailiary of Cuningham and sheriffdom of Ayr. In the ratification he is described as Sir Adam Blair of Carberrie, l^inight.^

On 24th October 1695, Sir Adam Blair, younger of Carberrie, and others were proposed and approved for the of&ce of the eldership in the parish church of Inveresk.^ This Sir Adam Blair, younger of Carberry, knight, married Dame Agnes Wallace, and had four children baptized in Inveresk parish church.

Sir Adam Blair, senior, was commissioner of supply for Edinburghshire in 1686. At the Eevolution he took part with King James in France, corresponding with him by going or staying there without liberty and after the time prescribed by law. For this a process of forfeiture was commenced against him in parliament. He was singled out along with John, Earl of Melfort, and John, Earl of Middleton, as the only persons to be prosecuted for the time.^ On 2nd July 1695, sentence of forfeiture was pronounced against him.*

Sir Eobert Dickson of Inveresk was the next owner of Carberry. He was descended from John Dickson, a wealthy merchant in Glasgow, and was the grandson of the celebrated David Dickson, minister of Irvine, and afterwards professor of divinity in the University of Glasgow, who was the only child of John Dickson, the Glasgow merchant. Sir Eobert was com- missioner to parliament from 1703 to 1706 inclusive.^ He was also a commissioner of supply for Edinburgh in 1704.^ He voted for the Union in 1707.' He died in October 1711,^ and was succeeded by Sir Eobert Dickson of Inveresk, his son."

Dr. Alexander Carlyle was minister of Inveresk parish from 1748 to his death in 1805 — a period of nearly sixty years. In his Autobiography

1 Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, * Ibid. pp. 112-114.

vol. vii. p. 603. 5 tJjVZ. vol. xi. pp. 30, 114, 207, 301.

2 Inveresk Parish Lore, by E. M'D. •= Ihid. p. 139. ' Ibid. p. 404. Stirling, p. 144. 8 Services of Special Retours — Lindsay's

3 Acta of the Parliaments of Scotland, —1700-1749. vol. ix. p. 407. ^ Ibid.

XVoiii JOHN FULLERTON OF CARBERRY.

he makes allusions to Carbeny and Sir Eobert Dickson its owner. Sir Eobert did not reside at Carberry, but his brother-in-law, Lord Elchies, a senior judge, who married a sister of the baronet, lived there with his family of three sons and several daughters. While at Carberry they had the use of the Carberry aisle in the parish church. Referring to the period soon after his settlement at Inveresk, Carlyle says there was a good room in the aisle. When Lord Elchies attended at church he retired to this room for a cold collation. On these occasions he was in the habit of enter- taining Sir Eobert Dickson of Carberry and Carlyle himself when he did not preach in the afternoon.^ Carlyle gives some reminiscences of his lordship.

Sir Eobert Dickson, Carlyle states, was a weak and vain man, and went through his whole fortune. He sold the estate of Carberry about the year 1752 to John Fullerton, who afterwards resided on the estate^ and was designated of Carberry. When the sale of the estate took place. Lord Elchies removed to the House of Inch, near Edinburgh, where he died in 1754.3

John Fullerton lived after his purchase of Carberry for twenty-three years. He died on 4th February 1775, and was buried in the aisle belonging to the estate at Inveresk.* He married Elizabeth Coult, but had no children. Before his death, on 2nd September 1774 he made an entail of his estate.^ In accordance with his entail, Elizabeth Coult received sasine of Carberry in liferent. The sasine is dated 13th, and recorded in the Particular Eegister of Sasines for Edinburgh on 14th March 1775.^

' Autobiography of Dr. Alexander Carlyle, Dickson afterwards became extinct [old

pp. 211, 212. Statistical Account, vol. xvi. p. 10].

2 Ibid. pp. 213, 259. Helen, Ann, and ^ Autobiography of Dr. Alexander Carlyle,

Margaret Dickson are respectively retoured p. 212.

heirs-portioner general to their brother, ^ Inscription on his monumental tombstone

Robert Dickson, and to their father. Sir at Inveresk, a drawing of which is in the

Robert Dickson of Carberry, Baronet, on Elphinstone charter-chest.

21st July 177S. [Special Retours of Service ^ Inventory of Title-deeds of Carberry,

—Lindsay's— 1770-1779.] The family of ibid. « Ibid.

CARBERRY ACQUIRED BY THE ELPHINSTONE FAMILY. XMX

On the death of Elizabeth Coult, relict of John Fullerton of Carberry, on 7th January 1802, the estate of Carberry descended to Elizabeth Fullerton, the eldest daughter of William Fullerton of Carstairs, and niece of John Fullerton of Carberry. She was the wife of the Honourable William Elphinstone, third son of Charles, tenth Lord Elphinstone, a director and chairman of the East India Company. After this event William Elphin- stone prefixed the surname of Fullerton to his own. On 7th February 1776, Elizabeth Fullerton was served heir to her uncle under the entail.^ On 23rd February 1776, resignation was made of Carberry in favour of Elizabeth Coult in liferent, and Elizabeth Fullerton in fee.^ A charter of resignation was on the same day obtained from the crown in their favour.^ Following on these they obtained sasine of Carberry on 1st July 1776.* Elizabeth Coult, the widow of John Fullerton of Carberry, died on 7th January 1802, aged eighty-nine years, and was buried beside her husband.^

The Honourable Elizabeth Fullerton Elphinstone of Carberry, after sur- viving her husband for six years, died on 27th May 1840. On the death of their eldest son, John Fullerton Elphinstone, unmarried, in 1854, the estate of Carberry was inherited by his only surviving brother, Lieutenant-Colonel James Drummond Buller Fullerton Elphinstone, the youngest son of the Honourable William Fullerton Elphinstone. He was served heir of entail and provision special in the lands of Carberry, etc., on 4th October 1854.^ Carberry has since continued in the possession of the Elphinstone family, and is their principal residence.

1 Retoura of Special Service — Lindsay's — ^ Drawing of monumental tombstone and 1770-1779 ; also Inventory of Title-deeds of inscription, ibid.

Carberry entailed estate, in Elphinstone

charter-chest. " Ketours of Special Service — Lindsay's —

2 Inventory, iiid. ^ i^i^i_ 4 iiji^_ 1S50-1859.

i ARMOUEY FORMED BY FIFTEENTH LORD ELPIIIXSTONE.

Armoury at Carberry Tower.

One of the chief attractions of the picturesque residence of Lord Elphin- stone at Carberry Tower is the splendid collection of arms, family pictures, and relics of various sorts which are there preserved. The armoury contains specimens of the weapons of warfare of many nations of a great variety of types, from the primitive stone club of the savage to the highly finished and decorated blades from the workshops of the skilful artisans of India and Arabia. These weapons were mainly brought together by the labours of William, fifteenth Lord Elphinstone, whose early years of service in the Eoyal Navy in various regions of the world afforded him exceptional oppor- tunities for the procuring of such a varied and interesting collection. His continued zeal and interest in the subject led him to take advantage of every chance of adding to his armoury whatever he considered would go to increase its value; and many of the specimens obtainedin his earlier years could not have been procured without incurring considerable personal risk and inconvenience. In later life, when his naval successes in the Crimea, in China, and elsewhere, his succession to the title and estates of Elphinstone and Carberry, and his nomination to the representative peerage of Scotland, had brought him into prominence, his interest in his armoury remained as strong if not stronger than ever, and he received many gifts of weapons for his collection from those among his numerous friends who had the oppor- tunity of procuring such specimens. Officers in the navy, Arctic explorers, friends and acquaintances holding public positions abroad, and travellers in various regions, from time to time presented to his Lordsliip specimens of the arms, ornaments, and costumes of the native tribes with whom they came in contact ; while he himself spared no expense to procure a good weapon whenever it came within his reach.

His armoury thus steadily increased till it came to contain a very large number of specimens of the weapons of warfare of many tribes and nations,

THE ARMOURY AT GARBERRY TOWER. \\

being especially rich in those curious and grotesque instruments which are the handiwork of savage and uncivilised races. The collection is not limited to weapons alone, but is rendered more interesting by containing numerous examples of the crude and curious ornaments and primitive garments of these races. In addition, the armoury is further enriched by the presence of a number of Scottish and other weapons, whose interest lies mainly in their historical associations.

All these were carefully and methodically brought together and arranged by the late Lord Elphinstone, who further made out an elaborate catalogue with his own neat and skilful hand, in which every weapon is assigned its place and number, with a descriptive note to each, shortly stating its history and the date of its addition to the Carberry collection ; and further, there is subjoined in each case a small but very neat and accurate sketch of the weapon by his lordship's own artistic hand, to facilitate the identification of each specimen.

The armoury at Carberry Tower also contains arms of another kind. Around the walls are displayed the heraldic shields depicting the armorial bearings of the Elphinstones, Lords Elphinstone, each impaled with those of his noble spouse in case of marriage, from Alexander, first Lord Elphin- stone, and Elizabeth Barlow, his wife, in 1509, down to and including William, fifteenth Lord Elphinstone, and the Lady Constance Euphemia Woronzow Murray, represented by the arms of Elphinstone impaled with those of the house of Dunmore. Here are seen the armorial bearings of many noble and ancient Scottish families, showing the very appro- priate nature of the marriages of the baronial family of Elphinstone — the Erskine pale and the Drummond bars, the cinquefoils of Livingstone and the primroses of the noble house of Eosebery, the lion rampant of the Maitlauds and the red chevron of the Flemings, the pales of Ruthven and the silver stars of the Murrays, tressures and double tressures flowered and counter-flowered with fleur-de-lis. Above the fireplace on a

Ui LORD ELPHINSTONE'S EARLIEST COLLECTIONS OF ARMS.

central shield are represented the full armorial bearings of Lord Elphinstone, with all his quarterings of Fleming, Fraser, Keith, Drummond, Fuller- ton and BuUer; while flanking it on either side are the arms of the two baronial cadets of the family — Balmerino and Coupar.

Around the walls of the armoury, arranged in a picturesque manner, is the large and varied collection of weapons already referred to. It is, of course, utterly impossible within the limited scope of the introduction to the general history of the Elphinstone family to give any detailed or com- prehensive description of these arms, which would require a separate volume of ample size; but it is desirable to follow the description of Carberry Tower with a general reference to this fine collection, which forms one of its chief attractions, and any specimens of more than passing interest may be alluded to at some length.

Some of the most curious and interesting weapons in the armoury were procured by Lord Elphinstone at an early age, when he was a midshipman on board H.M.S. " Grampus," a vessel which was despatched on service to the islands of the South Pacific Ocean in the year 1849. While cruising among these islands young Elphinstone took the opportunity of studying the habits and mode of life of the natives as far as practicable, and obtained many specimens of the weapons, ornaments, and costumes of these South Sea islanders, especially from the Island of Tahiti, at which the vessel was principally stationed. The weapons of these savage tribes are of the most primitive description, and often of grotesque and curious form, being con- structed of such limited materials as are at their command — wood and stone, and the teeth and bones of animals and fish. In Lord Elphinstone's collec- tion are clubs of fish-bone and ironwood from these islands, and an axe with head of roughly hewn stone. Another interesting item is a small loin-belt woven of simple seaweed, which represents the full-dress suit of a native of the Fiji Islands, while a rough grass mat composes the corresponding female cos- tume in these sunny regions, where the cares of dress and fashion are unknown.

WEAPONS, ETC., IN THE ARMOURY. \\\\

The poisoned arrows, so characteristic of the savage, are here iu evidence, and the Elphiustone collection contains two of these weapons from the Solomon Islands, presented by Captain Hope of the Royal Navy to Sir George Gray, who in turn transferred them to the possession of Lord Elphinstone on the occasion of his visit to New Zealand. A gruesome relic from the Sandwich Islands cannot fail to arrest attention — an elaborate ornament worn round the neck of the chiefs of tribes on state occasions and at the funeral of royal personages. Of crescent shape, this extraordinary appendage is woven from the hair of the women of one family, while attached to its centre is a hook of walrus ivory used on these solemn occasions for the support of skulls and similar relics of barbarity.

The Elphinstone collection also contains many weapons from New Guinea and the islands of the Malay Archipelago, a region of especial interest, made familiar by the travels and researches of that most accom- plished explorer and naturalist, Alfred Eussel Wallace. From 1849 to the beginning of the Crimean War in 1854, William Elphinstone was engaged on board the " Cleopatra " in the Chinese seas in the work of watching and destroying pirates, and while cruising in the neighbourhood of these islands had a good opportunity for the study of the native customs and peculiarities. Among the many trophies which he brought home from this voyage may be mentioned a novel charge of grapeshot, composed not of leaden slugs but of fragments of coral bound up in cylinders of bamboo, which was taken from the piratical stockade at Tonquin, on the north-west coast of Borneo, by the boats of H.M.S. " Cleopatra."

In connection with a specimen of paddles used by the Milano tribe of North Borneo, his lordship adds an interesting note in his catalogue in reference to that remarkable tribe, which is the most numerous one on the island : their houses are built on posts raised about forty feet from the ground for protection against the Dyaks and other tribes. They have a iirm belief in good and evil spirits, and regulate their journeys by the flight of birds. This

lit) NATIVE COSTUMES FROM BORNEO.

tribe flatten the heads of their children by means of a cumbrous apparatus which is fixed on the soft growing head of tlie young child to mould the bones to the required shape. Lord Elphinstone has a specimen of this instrument in his armoury.

The Elphinstone collection also contains a fine example of the " sumpitan" or blowpipe, the favourite and characteristic weapon of these islanders, from which they discharge with so much precision the little poisoned darts which carry sure and rapid death in their silent flight. The blowpipe is laboriously prepared from a suitable selected piece of hard wood, the interior of which is gradually bored out to the requisite size and smoothness. Along with the blowpipe is preserved an ornamental case or quiver for holding the poisoned darts. It is constructed of bamboo, and has attached to it two carved gourds fitted with stoppers for holding the poison, and also a flat stone or some other such article to act as a charm, and protect the wearer from imaginary evil. The poison is manufactured from the juice of the " lepas " tree, cooked over a slow fire on a leaf until it assumes the consistency of soft wax. When required for use the bark of a tree is mixed with it, when it becomes a potent and deadly poison, producing death in from half-an-hour to two hours. This weapon has a range of from eighty to ninety yards, but is most effective at a somewhat shorter distance. In Borneo it takes the place of the bow and arrow of other savage tribes, and is made only by the aborigines, and not by the Mohammedan natives.

From the same island there are preserved in tlie Elphinstone collection numerous examples of the native costumes and ornaments, including a dress made entirely from the skin of the leopard, and a hat of the same material ornamented with colours; head-gear of plaited grass of various hues, coils of heavy brass wire worn as ornaments round the neck, the arms, the loins, and the ankles by the native tribes, especially the Dyaks, and many other interesting curiosities.

The island of New Guinea, inhabited by the savage and cannibal Papuans,

NSW GUINEA AND ARCTIC RELICS IN THE ARMOURY. It)

is also well represented in the armoury at Carberry Tower, by many curious and grotesque weapons and ornaments, stone clubs, paddles, bows and arrows, etc. Lord Elphinstone presented a number of specimens from this island to the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art in 1887, including some interesting costumes, eighty- nine pieces in all. Among these may be mentioned a " Duk-Duk " or native dress and mask of grotesque form, got up to resemble a bird, and worn by the warriors at their tribal feasts : and so careful are they to keep this costume from the female members of the community that it is considered certain death to any woman should she allow her eye to fall on it but for a moment.

Besides these numerous and varied relics from the sunny islands of the tropics, the Elphinstone collection contains a number of interesting specimens from the cold and barren regions of the Polar seas. The majority of these were presented to Lord Elphinstone by the kindness of Lieutenant Parks, E.N., who was lieutenant of H.M.S. " Investigator," one of the vessels which composed the Arctic Expedition of 1852. Among these may be mentioned a fishing-rod from the coast of Alaska, with line made from the sinews of the reindeer, the hooks being baited with little pieces of red coral and let down through a hole in the ice, while attached to the line is a piece of bone modelled in the shape of a fish, which serves the double purpose of a sinker and at the same time is supposed to attract the real fish to the bait. A number of Esquimaux arrows, a spear constructed of walrus ivory from Cambridge Bay, and an Esquimaux native costume made from the inner skin of seals, were also presented to his Lordship by Lieutenant Parks, and are now preserved in the Elphinstone collection.

Several of the later members of the Elphinstone family, as is shown in the memoirs of the Carberry line, were associated for many years with that strange land of mixed barbarity and civilisation in the far East — the country of China. It was here that John FuUerton Elphinstone, the eldest son of the Honourable William Fullertou Elphinstone, the venerable East India

ItJi CHINESE EXECUTION SWORD.

Director, spent the best part of his life as chief of the factories at Canton in the service of the East India Company, while his younger brother, Colonel James Drummond Elphinstone, father of the late Lord Elphinstone, also served for a time in that country. As narrated in his memoir, ■VVLlliam, fifteenth Lord Elphinstone, was engaged for several years in naval service in the Chinese seas ; and it is therefore not surprising to find that Chinese weapons and curios form a considerable part of the Carberry collection. To one of these weapons it may be interesting here briefly to refer, viz. : a curiously shaped broad and heavy sword, one of the dreaded execution swords of that country, with which their criminals and pirates are so rapidly and summarily despatched. A graphic description of the use of this weapon is annexed to it in the catalogue. The execution ground at Canton was a narrow muddy lane between low buildings. Prisoners for execution were brought to the ground in baskets slung on a bamboo pole and carried by two men. A small piece of bamboo cut with a slit is stuck inside the shirt at the back of the neck of each prisoner, and in the slit a piece of paper is inserted on which is stated the name of the criminal together with his crime, his hands being tied together behind his back.

The friends of the criminals are in general allowed to give them their last meal of rice, and they generally mix opium with the rice and so partially stupify the victim and lessen the agonies of his last moments. Arrived on the scene of execution, they are unceremoniously pitched out of the baskets, and placed kneeling in two rows, all facing the same direction. The bamboos are then taken from the necks of the criminals and given over to the head mandarin, who thereupon gives the order, when two executioners, each accompanied by an assistant, come forward.

The assistants seize the arms of the two front criminals and raise them, which has the effect of throwing the head forwards. One blow from the executioner, with the sword referred to, severs the head, which rolls on the ground, and the body falls forwards. The same operation is then

COLLECTION OF INDIAN WEAPONS. ItiU

repeated upon the man immediately behind the last victim, and so on until all are executed. So dexterous are the executioners that eight to ten minutes is sufficient time to execute from fifty to sixty men, the sWords being changed after every third head. The heads are then collected and counted in order to see that the number of heads corresponds with the number of bamboo tallies.

Among the Eastern objects may also be mentioned a fishing-rod from Japan, the joints of which come out by blowing through the butt ; this novel instrument was presented to Lord Elphinstone by Admiral Sir Alexander Milne, baronet, in 1872.

The Elphinstone collection further contains many specimens of Indian and East Indian weapons, including a shield from Guzerat inlaid with stones, brought home by the thirteenth Lord Elphinstone, Governor suc- cessively of Madras and Bombay. An instrument of especial interest in this group comes from Afghanistan, which in its construction and use is eminently characteristic of the cruel and treacherous inhabitants of that country. It is named the "wagnuck," or tiger's claw, and is a small steel weapon with four prongs or claws, made to fit on the fore and little fingers, and so constructed that it can be easily concealed in the half-closed hand. It was with this that Sivajee, the famous Marathi chief, killed Afzul Khan, the Mogul commander at Pertubgurh, a hill fort in Afghanistan. The murderer approached to converse with the commandant apparently unarmed, but with the deadly " wagnuck " concealed in his closed hand, and while talking suddenly struck his victim a fatal blow on the abdomen with the instrument.^ It was presented to Lord Elphinstone by Mr. Loudon, who heard a graphic account of the incident on the spot from the hereditary keeper of the fort^ — a fine old Marathi.

Many other specimens of weapons and ornaments from various regions of the world are contained in the collection at Carberry ; but space will

' Vide Grant Duffs History of the Mahrattas for detailed narrative of this incident.

VOL. I. h

Mii EUROPEAN WEAPONS IN ARMOURY AT CARBERRY.

not permit of further reference to them here; and this very brief and general description of the armoury may be brought to a close with a notice of several specimens which are of interest mainly from their historical associations. First among these to attract attention is a group of spears which were taken by the British force at Magdala after the death of King Theodore; a further interest attaches to these weapons from the fact that they were brought home by Captain Tryou of the Eoyal Navy and presented by him to Lord Elphinstoue in the year 1868. Along with these is another group of arrows with three shields, which were given to Admiral Sir William Hewitt by King John of Abyssinia in 1884 and by him transferred to the possession of Lord Elphinstone.

Among the European weapons in the Elphinstone collection three at least are deserving of mention here, — a battle-axe with ornamental head from Turkey, given by the Pasha of Smyrna to the Honourable J. M. Yorke, E.N., when visiting that country with H.E.H. Prince Alfred in H.M.S. " Euryalus " in 1859, and afterwards presented to Lord Elphinstone ; a broad- sword from Spain brought from Seville by Lord Elphinstone in 1862, bearing on the blade a neat and appropriate motto in tlie native tongue, which being translated reads, "Do not draw me without reason ; do not sheath me without honour " ; and a sword from Schleswig-Holstein, of the time of the Grand Duke Peter, afterwards the Emperor Peter the Third of Eussia, presented to the fifteenth Lord Elphinstone by the Eev. James Montgomery, afterwards Dean of Edinburgh, in the year 1868.

A pair of Scottish Highland pistols in the Elphinstone armoury were given to Lord Elphinstone by James, Earl of Southesk, on 1st January 1866; they were the property of his father, Sir James Carnegie, who but for the attainder would have been the eighth Earl of Southesk. Another set of pistols are of interest from their historical association — they were the property of the Honourable James Keith, field-marshal in the service of King Frederick the Great of Prussia. Having been engaged in the rebellion of

RELICS FOCiYD AT CARBERRY HILL AND AT WATERLOO. \\X

1715 he was attainted of high treason and retired to the Continent, entering the service of the king of Prussia, who formed such a high opinion of his military talents that he raised him to the responsible rank of field-marshal. He met his death on the battle-field in an engagement with the Austrians on 14th October 1758 at the village of Hochkirchen, where a monument was erected to his memory by Sir Eobert Murray Keith. Field-Marshal Keith was the brother of George, tenth and last Earl Marischal of Scotland, who was such a faithful friend to his young relatives of the house of Elphinstone, as is narrated in the family memoirs.

An ancient Scotch dirk, very rusty and broken, is carefully preserved among its more pretentious neiglibours in the armour3^ It was dug up on Carberry Hill in 1846, and is probably a relic of the battle array which gathered there more than three centuries ago, on 15tli June 1567, on the occasion of the surrender of Queen Mary to the confederate lords of Scotland.

The historic field of Waterloo, where two of the members of the Elphin- stone family were engaged, William Keith and James Drummond, the third and fourth sons of the Honourable William Fullerton Elphinstone of Car- berry, is represented in the armoury by a cavalry sword which was used at the battle by the 7th Hussars, the regiment to which the younger of these sons belonged, and in which he was wounded in a cavalry charge at Quatre Bras, and taken prisoner. It was at Waterloo that General William Keith Elphinstone, at that time lieutenant-colonel in command of the Duke of Wellington's own regiment, the 33rd, took command of the whole Fifth Brigade in the great advance against Napoleon, and nobly distinguished himself, receiving the honour of Commander of the Bath in recognition of his services on that occasion, as will be found fully narrated in the memoirs of the Carberry line.

It may suffice to conclude tliis short notice of the armoury with a refer- ence to an ingenious memento of the siege of Sevastopol, which is preserved at Carberry Tower. William, fifteenth Lord Elphinstone, took a prominent

Mil EUROPEAX WEAPOXS IN ARMOURY AT CARBERRY.

not permit of further reference to them here ; and this very brief and general description of the armoury may be brought to a close with a notice of several specimens which are of interest mainly from their historical associations. First among these to attract attention is a group of spears which were taken by the British force at Magdala after the death of King Theodore ; a further interest attaches to these weapons from the fact that they were brought home by Captain Tryoii of the Eoyal Navy and presented by him to Lord Elphinstone in the year 1868. Along with these is another group of arrows with three shields, which were given to Admiral Sir "William Hewitt by King John of Abyssinia in 1884 and by him transferred to the possession of Lord Elphinstone.

Among the European weapons in the Elphinstone collection three at least are deserving of mention here, — a battle-axe with ornamental head from Turkey, given by the Pasha of Smyrna to the Honourable J. M. Yorke, E.N., when visiting that country with H.E.H. Prince Alfred in H.M.S. "Euryalus" in 1859, and afterwards presented to Lord Elphinstone; a broad- sword from Spain brought from Seville by Lord Elphinstone in 1862, bearing on the blade a neat and appropriate motto in the native tongue, which being translated reads, " Do not draw me without reason ; do not sheath me without honour " ; and a sword from Schleswig-Holstein, of the time of the Grand Duke Peter, afterwards the Emperor Peter the Third of Russia, presented to the fifteenth Lord Elphinstone by the Eev. James Montgomery, afterwards Dean of Edinburgh, in the year 1868.

A pair of Scottish Highland pistols in the Elphinstone armoury were given to Lord Elphinstone by James, Earl of Southesk, on 1st January 1866; they were the property of his father. Sir James Carnegie, who but for the attainder would have been the eighth Earl of Southesk. Another set of pistols are of interest from their historical association — they were the property of the Honourable James Keith, field-marshal in the service of King Frederick the Great of Prussia. Having been engaged in the rebellion of

RELICS FOUND AT CARBERRY HILL AND AT WATERLOO. Itt

1715 he was attainted of high treason and retired to the Continent, entering the service of the king of Prussia, who formed such a high opinion of liis military talents that he raised him to the responsible rank of field-marshal. He met his death on the battle-field in an engagement with the Austrians on 14th October 1758 at the village of Hochkirchen, where a monument was erected to his memory by Sir Eobert Murray Keith. Field-Marshal Keith was the brother of George, tenth and last Earl Marischal of Scotland, who was such a faithful friend to his young relatives of the house of Elphinstone, as is narrated in the family memoirs.

An ancient Scotch dirk, very rusty and broken, is carefully preserved among its more pretentious neighbours in the armour}^ It was dug up on Carberry Hill in 1846, and is probably a relic of the battle array which gathered there more than three centuries ago, on 15th June 1567, on the occasion of the surrender of Queen Mary to the confederate lords of Scotland.

The historic field of Waterloo, where two of the members of the Elphin- stone family were engaged, William Keith and James Drummond, the third and fourth sons of the Honourable William FuUerton Elphinstone of Car- berry, is represented in the armoury by a cavalry sword which was used at the battle by the 7th Hussars, the regiment to which the younger of these sons belonged, and in which he was wounded in a cavalry charge at Quatre Bras, and taken prisoner. It was at Waterloo that General William Keith Elphinstone, at that time lieutenant-colonel in command of the Duke of Wellington's own regiment, the 33rd, took command of the whole Fifth Brigade in the great advance against Napoleon, and nobly distinguished himself, receiving the honour of Commander of the Bath in recognition of his services on that occasion, as will be found fully narrated in the memoirs of the Carberry line.

It may suffice to conclude this short notice of the armoury with a refer- ence to an ingenious memento of the siege of Sevastopol, which is preserved at Carberry Tower. William, fifteenth Lord Elpliinstone, took a prominent

Ir MEMENTO OF SIEGE OF SEVASTOPOL.

part in this engagement, being flag-lieutenant to Admiral Sir Houston Stewart, who was second in command of the naval force engaged iu that great contest on the southern shores of Russia. He brought home with him several relics of this campaign, out of which he constructed an ornamental inkstand, composed of cannon balls. The large central ball which forms the cup or inkholder proper is a hollow bombshell, while the three smaller balls which support it are grapeshot. The piece of oak on which it stands is part of the maintop rail of the " Grand Duke Constantine," 120 guns, which was sunk in Sevastopol harbour. The granite, which forms part of the stand, is from the docks which were blown up and destroyed by the allied French and British fleets. The whole were brought home by Lord Elphinstone, and most ingeniously combined by him to form an inkstand commemorative of that engagement; and it now finds an honoured place among the many and various specimens of weapons and ornaments from all parts of the world, which were gathered together and arranged with such taste and effect by the hand of the noble founder of the Elphinstone Armoury at Carberry Tower.

There is preserved at Carberry a large brass gun, a howitzer, of Indian manufacture, which was taken at Karnul, iu the Madras presidency, in 1839. In shape it somewhat resembles a decapitated bull seated on its haunches, and has a most interesting history attached to it. In the year 1838 an extensive conspiracy was detected among the Mohammedans of Southern India to overthrow the British superiority. For some time the attention of the police had been attracted by the emissaries of a sect named Wahab^es, derived from the reformers of the same name in Arabia. But the object of the Indian Wahab^es was not so much to reform the religion of Islam as to excite a religious war and drive the Christians out of India. The chief of the sect was a brotlier of the Nizam or ruler of the great province of Hyderabad. He was found to be in correspondence with other great Mussulman chiefs in India. A Turk, travelling through the country, got

GUNS OF INDIAN MANUFACTURE FOUND AT KARNUL. \X\

iuto a dispute with a shopkeeper at Chittoor, near Arcot, which gave rise to a disturbance. He was apprehended, and when searched cue of the con- stables, accidentally handling a large ball of wax found in the prisoner's pocket, discovered an Arabic letter emanating from Mecca, written in the most seditious terms.

Shortly afterwards, when John, thirteenth Lord Elphinstone,then Governor of Madras, was walking in the park at Gindy, a Hindoo threw himself at his feet, and declared that he had an important revelation to make, the result of which was that he had been an artificer in the Madras mint, a skilful worker in metals ; that he had been decoyed to Karnul under pretext of casting a bell for the Nawab ; but that on arriving he was seized and taken prisoner, and had been compelled to cast guns ; that he had just escaped, and had fled for his life ; and, fearing the vengeance of the Nawab, he had come to entreat the Governor's protection. He stated that he had cast upwards of eight hundred guns, which were buried in different parts of the fort at Karnul, and the Nawab was busily employed collecting powder, lead, balls, and all manner of ordnance stores, etc. After a careful and active investi- gation, numerous other proofs of the conspiracy were discovered. A large force was despatched to Kurnool under the command of General (afterwards Sir Scudamore) Steele ; and Kurnool was besieged and taken after a smart action at Lorapoor, in which the Nawab was defeated. The native who had given the information pointed out the place where the guns had been buried, and the whole were brought to Madras ; and thus what might have been a very serious insurrection was aborted by this timely discovery.

Family Pictures, etc., at Carbeery Tower. It would be unfair to close this description of Carberry Tower, its history, surroundings, and contents, without making at least a brief reference to the fine collection of family pictures and interesting relics which are contained within its walls.

IXii FAMILY PICTURES AT GARBERRY TOWER.

The pictures include a series of oil portraits of the chief members of the Elphiustone family from Alexander, fourth Lord Elphiustone, in the sixteenth century, down to and including William, fifteenth Lord Elphin- stoue. Tlie majority of these have been photographed and reproduced in the form of collotypes as illustrations for the present Elphinstone Book, and will be found in their appropriate places in the detailed memoirs of the family. To a few of the more important it may be interesting liere briefly to refer.

The frontispiece to this volume is formed by the portrait of the illus- trious prelate, William Elphinstone, bishop of Aberdeen, and Lord Chancellor of Scotland, the munificent and enlightened founder of King's College, Old Aberdeen, which was afterwards incorporated with the Marischal College to form the University of Aberdeen. This famous Elphinstone was born about the year 1430, and died in 1514; he held many important positions, and took a leading part in the affairs of Scotland at the time. This portrait represents him adorned with mitre and crosier, and the ornamental robes of his office; in the corner are depicted the Elpliinstone arms — a chevron between three boars' heads.

The next portrait of interest is that of Alexander, fourth Lord Elphin- stone, who held the office of Lord High Treasurer of Scotland from 1599 to 1601. This picture bears date the year 1626, and represents him at the venerable age of seventy-five, as a tall and striking figure, with remarkably high forehead, and a long white beard. He is clothed with a very orna- mental robe, which extends down almost to his feet, while in his right hand he holds a long and slender rod with carved top, apparently a sign of office. To his left is a table on which lie a number of volumes.

The next portrait, that of Lord Kildrummy, the fifth Lord Elphinstone, is one of the finest in the Elphinstone collection. The softness of outline, the distinctness of feature, the admirable shading of the pointed beard and complex frill, together with the natural and living expression of counten- ance, all mark out this portrait as the work of a master hand ; while from

PORTRAIT OF THE FIFTH LORD ELPHINSTONE. \xm

the date, and other collateral evidence, there is little doubt that this is one of the productions of George Jamesone, the Scottish Vandyck. It is well known that Jamesone painted the Sutherlands, and that John, twelfth Earl of Sutherland, corresponds with the date of Jamesone's period. The original painting is at Dunrobin, and has been collotyped for the Sutherland Family Book as late as the year 1892. The Earl of Sutherland and Alexander, fifth Lord Elphinstone, were contemporaries and warm friends. Several of the letters of the Earl, addressed to the fourth Lord Elphinstone, as his dear and loving father, are reproduced in this work. The twelfth Earl was married to Annas Elphinstone, the daughter of the fourth Lord Elphinstone, and the sister of the fifth. Both of these lords were frequent visitors, not only at their own Aberdeenshire estate of Kildrummy, but also to their daughter and sister the Countess of Sutherland. From the close connection of the Lords Elphinstone with their Aberdeenshire estates and the Earls of Suther- land at Dunrobin, George Jamesone could hardly have been passed over as a prominent painter in Aberdeen, and there seems little doubt that when he painted the Sutherlands, he also was the author of this beautiful portrait of the fifth Lord Elphinstone, so similar in style to that of his brother-in-law the Earl of Sutherland.

Coming down to the later members of the family, one of the most notice- able and stately figures is that of the Eight Honourable George Keith Elphinstone, a son of Charles, tenth Lord Elphinstone, a famous naval commander, who took part in most of the stirring events of his time, and rose to the rank of Admiral ; and who for his distinguished services against the French and other nations was created a peer of the United Kingdom, with the title of Lord Keith of Stonehaven Marischal; and afterwards advanced to the dignity of a Viscount. There are two portraits of him in the Elphinstone collection, one as a captain at the siege of Toulon in 1793, and another, at a later date, as Admiral Sir George Keith Elphinstone. The latter has been reproduced for the Elphinstone Book, and represents him as a

Irit) PORTRAIT OF MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE, D.C.L.

man of noble and commanding aspect and stately appearance, with the robes and decorations of his high naval office.

A generation later than Lord Keith, another member of the Elphinstone family had made a name abroad as one of the ablest and most popular administrators of our great East Indian Empire. This was Mountstuart Elphinstone, Governor of Bombay, the amiable and refined historian and statesman of India, and his portrait, which is a water-colour, and bears date 1 SI 7, is one of the most attractive in the Elphinstone collection. Seated on an arm-chair, beside a covered table, on which rest three volumes of his monumental work, he appears as the picture of refinement, culture, and amiability, while his noble countenance is expressive at once of the many attractive personal qualities, and the high intellectual attainments of this worthy Elphinstone.

There is preserved at Carberry Tower a very complete set of the portraits of the members of the Carberry line of the family. First among these is the venerable ancestor of this line, the Honourable William FuUerton Elphin- stone of Carberry and Elphinstone, third son of Charles, tenth Lord Elphin- stone, director and chairman of the East India Company. It was he that regained for the Elphinstone family the possession of their old Tower of Elphinstone, and by his marriage brought them the residence and estate of Carberry. There are three oil portraits of him preserved at Carberry Tower, one of them being by Opie. This portrait, which has been reproduced for the Elphinstone Book, represents him at an advanced period of his life. He is seated at a table with a half-open book in his hand, while two other volumes rest at his elbow. The large and noble head crowned with white locks, the massive and determined yet kindly countenance, are all charac- teristic of the man, who in his day was one of the leading and most respected members in the administration of the great East India Company, and who did so much for the welfare of the noble family to which he belonged.

Another picture of especial interest is one representing the two younger

PORTRAITS OF THE KEITHS, EARLS MARISCHAL. XtQ

sons of the Honourable William Fullerton Elphinstone of Carberry, as young men equipped for the hunting field with whip and gun. They were General William Keith Elphinstone who afterwards led the Fifth Brigade at Waterloo, and died in command in Afghanistan, and his brother, Lieutenant-Colonel James Drummond Elphinstone, father of the fifteenth Lord. There is another portrait of Lieutenant-Colonel James Drummond Elphinstone in later years, by Colvin Smith, a collotype of which is given along with his memoir.

William, fifteenth Lord Elphinstone, is himself represented by a portrait from the brush of Colvin Smith. This picture, which was painted in 1865, depicts him in Scottish dress with plaid and gun, and has been reproduced as an illustration for the Elphinstone Book.

The Elphinstone collection further contains a small group of oil portraits of the Keiths, Earls Marischal, including that of Field-Marshal Keith, second son of the ninth Earl Marischal, and brother of George, tenth and last Earl Marischal. He was a leading and respected officer in the service of King Frederick the Great of Prussia, and was killed at the battle of Hochkirchen in 1758. There is also a portrait of George, tenth and last Earl Marischal, whose kindness to his young relatives in the Elphinstone family in their earlier years contributed in no small degree to the fame and fortune both of Lord Keith and his brother, the Honourable William Elphinstone. His titles and hereditary office of Earl Marischal of Scotland were forfeited in 1715, and he died at Potsdam unmarried in 1778.

There is preserved at Carberry a series of oil paintings of the Flemings, Earls of Wigton, who were allied to the Elphinstone family by the marriage of the accomplished Lady Clementina Fleming, heiress of Cumbernauld, with Charles, tenth Lord Elphinstone. Two of these portraits — that of John, second Earl of Wigton, and his wife, Lady Margaret Livingstone, are by the celebrated Scottish artist, George Jamesone ; while other two, including one of John, sixth Earl of Wigton, are from the brush of Sir John Medina. VOL. I. i

Irtii MISCELLAXEOUS PICTURES.

This group also includes a portrait of Charles, seventh and last Earl of Wigton, who died unmarried in 1747, when the estates of Cumbernauld and Biggar descended to his niece, Lady Clementina Fleming, wife of Charles, tenth Lord Elphinstone, and afterwards to Admiral Charles Elphinstone Fleming, as the second son of the eleventh Lord Elphinstone.

The Elphinstone collection is further enriched by the presence of a number of portraits in oil of the BuUers of Trenant Park, Cornwall, who were allied to the Elphinstones by the marriage of Colonel James Drummond Elphinstone, grandfather of the present Lord Elphinstone, with Anna Maria Buller, the only child of Admiral Sir Edward BuUer, baronet. One of these portraits is probably by Zoffany, and another by Sir Joshua Eeynolds.

A large number of miscellaneous pictures, some of considerable value and interest, are included in the Elphinstone collection at Carberry Tower ; and to a few of these it may be interesting briefly to refer in this very short summary. One is a portrait of a lady with a cat, which has rather a romantic story attached to it. At the capture of Oczakow in 1737, this Turkish lady, then a little child of six years old, clung for protection to the stirrup of Field-Marshal Keith, who rescued the young captive who had thus voluntarily sought his aid, and taking her home with him he made a present of her to his brother George, tenth Earl Marischal, under whose care she was brought up. The lady thus curiously affected by the fortune of war was supposed to belong to a family of some distinction, and afterwards married Monsieur de Fromont, secretary of the Government of Neuchatel.

Another interesting picture is an oil painting representing the engage- ment between the English and Dutch forces in the Java seas off Java Head on 26th July 1806, when Captain Charles Elphinstone, second son of the Honourable "William Elphinstone of Carberry, in command of two English vessels, the " Greyhound " and " Harrier," defeated a Dutch squadron of four armed vessels, and brought three of them captives into port with him, richly laden with spices and other valuable produce of the Moluccas. For this

MINIATURE PORTBAITS OF THE LATER ELPHINSTONES. \X\i\\

gallant service Captain Elphinstone received the presentation sword from the Patriotic fund at Lloyds, which is described and iigured at another part of the Book.

Among the mementoes of the memorable battle of Waterloo is an oil painting of the black mare which was such a favourite with the young Elpliiustones of Carberry. This animal was taken to Spain in 1813 by Captain James Drummond Elphinstone of the Seventh Hussars, and went through the whole of that trying campaign with him. It was afterwards ridden both at Quatre Bras and at Waterloo by his brother, Colonel William Keith Elphinstone, in command of the 33rd regiment. She was lost at that engagement but was afterwards recovered and brought home to Enfield, where the faithful mare died in 1839. Beside it hangs a picture of the white Arab horse which belonged to the thirteenth Lord Elphinstone while Governor of Bombay.

Among specimens of the work of more celebrated artists in the Elphin- stone collection may be mentioned a Head by Eaphael, which was presented by George, tenth Earl Marischal, to his grandnephew, the Honourable William Elphinstone ; a Head of Eembrandt by Eembrandt ; and a Head by Vandyck.

In the drawing-room at Carberry there are a large number of miniature portraits of the later members of the Elphinstone family, especially those of the Carberry line, two of which, viz., that of John Fullerton Elphinstone, and his brother. Captain Charles Elphinstone, the elder sons of the Honour- able William Fullerton Elphinstone, have been reproduced side by side as an illustration for the Book. The younger of these two. Captain Charles Elphinstone, was the hero of the engagement with the Dutch vessels, and received the sword of honour.

Although not quite a picture, the article now to be described, which forms one of the treasures of the Elphinstone collection, may most fitly be mentioned in this place. It is a fan, painted in water-colours by Nicholas

IriJiii fan painted by Nicholas poussin.

Poussin the elder, in the year 1650. This is of especial interest and value from the circumstance of painting on leather or kid by this artist being very rare. He was known to have painted but very few, and those chiefly for ladies about the Court, previous to his commencing his greater works as a landscape painter. The fan has an interesting history attached to it. It was probably painted for Lady Lilias Elphinstone, daughter of Alexander, fifth Lord Elphinstone, and wife of the sixth Lord Elphinstone, and is signed "K Poussin" in the left-hand corner, with the date 1650, and the word "Elphinstone" in the right-hand corner. It passed into the possession of two ladies named Aitken, descendants of Margaret, daughter of John, eighth Lord Elphinstone, who were Uviug at Halifax, in Nova Scotia, in the year 1860 ; and having fallen into adverse circumstances they raffled the fan, for which they had previously refused the sum of a hundred and fifty pounds. Curiously enough, it fell to the lot of Lady Stewart, wife of Admiral Sir Houston Stewart, then commander-in-chief of that station, under whom Lord Elphinstone had fought as flag-lieutenant in the Crimean campaign. Lady Stewart presented the fan to William, fifteenth Lord Elphinstone, together with the original letters about it, and copy of an affidavit dated 1814 ; and thus this relic once again returned to the pos- session of the Elphinstone family, and is now preserved at Carberry Tower.

William, fifteenth Lord Elphinstone, was possessed of considerable artistic talent, and there are at Carberry several examples of water-colour drawings done by himself. These include a number of views of Coulin Forest in Eoss-shire, a property acquired by his lordship about the year 1866. Most of these views bear date 1871. His lordship also executed a number of water-colours of scenery in Ceylon and elsewhere. One picture, made from a sketch by his lordship, is especially interesting, as it represents a memor- able historical episode. It is a water-colour by Melville, representing Sevastopol harbour with its fortifications, and was done by that artist from a sketch made by William, fifteenth Lord Elphinstone, wliile blockading the

SKETCH OF SEVASTOPOL HARBOUR IN 1855. \X\X

harbour, on board H.M.S. " Hannibal." The history of the sketch is as follows: — On the night of the 24th of February 1855, the Eussians sunk their second or inner line of ships. William Elphinstone, then flag-lieutenant to Sir Houston Stewart, was sent on shore next morning to ascertain their position, and a sketch of the fortifications was made on the spot, as may be imagined, under great difficulties, as the Eussians opened fire with musketry from the Quarantine Fort, and several shells were also fired at him from Fort Constantine. The outer line of ships was sunk after the battle of the Alma, and consisted of five vessels ; but as this line was much shaken and damaged by the heavy gale on 14th November 1854, two additional vessels were sunk. The inner line, which was sunk on 24th February 1855, also consisted of five vessels, and in addition to these, a barrier of spars was interposed between the two lines of sunken vessels.

There are, in the Elphinstone collection, two water-colour drawings of the old Tower of Elphinstone in East Lothian, by James Drummoud, A.E.S.A. A collotype of the old Tower, from a recent photograph, is included in the present work. The engraving of the Battle-Array of Carberry Hill has already been fully referred to in this Introduction, in the description of Carberry Tower and its surroundings.

The Elphinstone Birthday Book.

A manuscript volume which has furnished much minute information on the births, marriages, and deaths of the Elphinstone family, and has been so often quoted in this work, requires a word of explanation. It is a small octavo volume, plainly bound in calf. The written part extends to fifty-two pages, though several of these are left blank. The remainder of the volume is made up of unwritten paper. On the first page, as a frontispiece, occurs the following invocation in Latin : —

" Dum Sol et Luna splendent in firmamento, celeberrima Elphinstoniorum familia in terris fceliciter floreat. Amen. 1685." Which may be thus

Irr THE ELFHIN STONE BIRTHDAY BOOK.

translated: — "While the sun aud moon shine in the firmament, may the most famous family of the Elphinstones happily flourish in the earth. Amen. 1685."

This invocation was made in the time of John, eighth Lord Elphinstone, and may be in his handwriting, although that is uncertain.

The first entry in the volume records : — " I. The Birthe dayes of the law- full begottin children of Alexander the first Lord Elphinston and Elizabeth Barley, his spous." The entries continue without break down to the death of John, twelfth Lord Elphinstone, at Bath, on 20th May 1813.

The first part of the book, comprising all the entries relating to the first Lord Elphinstone from the creation of his peerage in 1509 to his death at Flodden in 1513, and also the subsequent entries relating to the second, third, fourth, and fifth Lords and their children, down to the year 1625, appears to be in the handwriting of Alexander, sixth Lord Elphinstone, who succeeded to the peerage in 1648 and died in 1654. The subsequent entries relating to the sixth Lord and his children, consisting of two pages, appear to be in the handwriting of his son, Alexander, the seventh Lord Elphinstone, who died in 1669. This receives further confirmation from the entry referring to his own birth in 1647, which begins "Alexander Elphinstone, noiu Lord." The entries after 1647 have additions made in different handwritings by members of the Elphinstone family, who were interested in the events which are there recorded as they occurred.

After 1670 the volume is continued in the handwriting of John, eighth Lord Elphinstone, and includes all his children, coming down to the year 1703. Subsequent to that date, the entries are continued by different hands down to 1813, when the record terminates.

No doubt the sixth Lord in compiling the earlier portions of this register had obtained the minute information which is there recorded from the members of his family, including his father-in-law, the fifth Lord, who had inherited tlie family traditions from his own father, the octogfuariau fourth

THE BAPTISMAL QVAICH. \XX\

Lord, who survived for eighty-six years. He would doubtless also be helped by fragmentary records of the births and deaths of the earlier members of the Elphinstone family from various sources which would not necessarily be preserved after the formation of this systematic family register. As a record of so many facts and figures, the book is remarkably free from errors. At a period when parochial registers of births, marriages, and deaths were much neglected, this Birthday Book reflects much credit on the care and industry of its authors.

The New Baptismal Eecord of the Elphinstone Family, begun by William, fifteenth Lord Elphinstone, in 1865.

Previous to the succession of the fifteenth Lord Elphinstone in 1861, the old Birthday Book had been discontinued since the birth of John, the thirteenth Lord, as previously stated. A new register was commenced by the fifteenth Lord, and it forms an original and beautiful record of the birth of all his sons and daughters. An old Scottish quaich which his lordship inherited from George, tenth and last Earl Marischal of Scotland, was utilised by him for this purpose, by affixing a number of silver shields around the interior of the bowl, on which are engraved the names of his children with dates of births and baptisms and the names of the sponsors in each case. The tradition is that the quaich was presented to Earl Marischal by one of the Eoyal Family of Scotland, and the Earl's initials, E. M., are carved in large letters on one of the handles. The quaich is made of oak, with three handles attached, and is a fine piece of workmanship, its interest being enhanced by the neat pointed shields, each with its careful inscription.

The present Lord Elphinstone has expressed his intention of having the original Birthday Book continued from 1813 to the present date.

\XXii ELPHINSTONE AND DRUMMOND ALLIANCES.

Alliances between the Elphinstones and Drummonds,

INCLUDING HaWTHORNDEN. Between the noble houses of Elphinstone, Lords Elplnnstone, and the Drummonds, Earls of Perth, there were frequent intermarriages. Eobert, the third Lord Elphinstone, married, in 1546, Margaret Drummond, daughter of Sir John Drummond of Inverpeffray. Marjory Elphinstone, sister of Eohert, third Lord Elphinstone, married Eobert Drummond of Carnock, in the county of Stirling. She was the mother of Sir John Drummond, knight, the first of Hawthornden, and the grandmother of his son, Mr. William Drummond, the second of Hawthornden, who was the famous poet and scholar. Alexander, fifth Lord Elphinstone, married in 1607 Lady Elizabeth Drummond, sister of James, first Earl of Perth. Clementina Elphinstone, youngest daughter of Charles, tenth Lord Elphinstone, and his wife, Clementina Fleming, Lady Elphinstone, married in 1785 James Drummond of Perth, afterwards created Lord Perth.

Even previous to those frequent intermarriages, the Lords Elphinstone and the Drummonds were on terms of intimate friendship as neighbours in the county of Stirling. Amongst the Elphinstone muniments there are pre- served documents relating to land transactions between Alexander, fourth Lord Elphinstone, and Sir John Drummond, knight, the first of Haw- thornden, and his son, William Drummond, younger of Hawthornden, dated in the year 1610. The signatures of Sir John Drummond afiixed to these documents are almost illegible scrawls, while those of his son William are as distinct as large lettered print, as may be judged from the wood engraving here subjoined. When he thus wrote his name in the year 1610, the poet was in his twenty-fifth year. It may be of interest to compare this signature with that given in Professor Masson's interesting life of the poet,^ and also with the separate specimen of his signature appended to the ' i'leface, p. ix.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BOOK. XXXlH

characteristic letter which the poet wrote to his cousin, the fifth Lord Elphinstone, addressed as Lord Kildrummy, in 1639.^ The surname of Druramond, owing to the frequent alliances between the chiefs of the two families, has been continued as a Christian name to the present and recent generations of the Elphinstone family.

The testament of William Drummond of Hawthornden, the poet, is printed among other family testaments in the second volume of the present work. The testament or will is dated 1653.

S[-l>riLm^f^

General Description of the Present Work.

The history of the Lords Elphinstone, as now printed in these twin volumes, may be shortly described in this place. The General Table of Contents prefixed to volume i. gives a short outline of what is contained in that volume. The Introduction gives a special description of the castles, baronies, and other territories respectively occupied and held by the Elphin- stone family from early times when they first appear as owners of the ancient ]'ower on the rocky eminence at Elphinstone in East Lothian, which was the cradle of their race. The general description of their successive castles of the original Elphinstone in East Lothian, the new Elphinstone in Stirlingshire, and Kildrummy in Aberdeenshire, and also of their other mansions in several counties of Scotland, will give some idea of where the members of the family of Elphinstone resided from time to time throughout so many centuries. Such an introduction seemed to be a necessary and

' Volume i. of this work, p. 203. VOL. I. ]c

Irritl THE ELPHINSTONE PORTRAITS.

fitting preliminary to the full understanding of the detailed memoirs of the entire line of the Elphinstone family, extending in all to twenty-three generations. In addition to the Introduction there is also printed in the first volume a Tabular Genealogy of the Elphinstones, Lords Elphinstone, to the present time. That Tabular Genealogy is not a mere sketch or skeleton outline. It is in reality a " Vidimus " of the whole history of the family, and is applicable to both volumes.

The first volume, which is devoted almost entirely to memoirs, brings down the history of the family from its first known progenitor to the close of the lives of the thirteenth and fourteenth Lords Elphinstone ; while the second volume continues the memoirs with the history of the members of the Carberry line of the family, down to and including the fifteenth and sixteenth Lords Elphinstone. All these detailed memoirs in both volumes are as full and exhaustive as the muniments in the Elphinstone charter- boxes, and the space available for them in the Elphinstone Book, enable them to be recorded.

The Elphinstone Portraits.

Along with the memoirs in the first volume of the long line from 1200 to the thirteenth Lord, who died in 1860, there are collotype portraits of Alexander the fourth Lord Elphinstone and many of the other lords, who in turn succeeded him, down to and including John the thirteenth Lord. There are also similar portraits of Admiral Lord Keith and of the Honour- able Mountstuart Elphinstone, the able statesman and historian of India, as well as of the saintly William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen, the founder of King's College, or oldest university there, who forms a fitting frontispiece to this volume. His life has been frequently written in histories and biographical works of eminent Scotsmen. He alone would confer honour upon any family, church, or country with which he was connected. By anticipation of a description of the contents of the second

ELPHINSTOBE TOWERS. IfJCiJ

volume, it may here be noted that the portrait of the present representative of the family, Sidney Herbert, sixteenth Lord Elphinstone, who has done so much for the promotion of this work, is worthily assigned a similar place in that volume.

Besides these family portraits, all of which except the last named are included in the first volume, there is also introduced a portrait of Queen Margaret Tudor, wife of King James the Fourth, from an interesting original portrait of Her Majesty and the Duke of Albany, in the possession of the Marquess of Bute, K.T., who has kindly consented to this portrait of Queen Margaret being introduced into the present work. In the Elphinstone charter-chest there are preserved several documents relating to Queen Margaret and her three marriages. These are also described in the memoir given of her in this volume. Her Great Seal of Arms has been specially engraved for this work, as it appears not to have been noticed in any recent book on heraldry. Her signet seal has also been reproduced, and appears alongside of her great seal. Other two portraits have been conjoined in the Introduction — Cardinal David Beton and George Wishart the martyr. They were two very different men, and are brought here together from the circumstance that they were both at the old Tower of Elphinstone shortly before the execution of Wishart. In the first volume there are in all seventeen Elphinstone and other portraits.

Elphinstone Toweks.

In addition to these portrait illustrations there are several collotype photographs, including the original Elphinstone Tower in East Lothian, the remains of the second Elphinstone Tower and church in Stirlingshire ; also two views of Carberry Tower, the ruins of Kildrummy Castle, Aberdeen- shire, the Elphinstone aisle at Kildrummy, built in 1605, and several monumental stones in Kildrummy aisle.

Irrtlf MEMOIRS OF THE GARBERRY LINE.

In this volume there are also numerous woodcut signatures and seals of the Lords and Ladies Elphinstone from Alexander the second Lord in 1528 to John the thirteenth Lord Elphinstone. Besides these there are other woodcut signatures, including two of Queen Margaret Tudor and those of her second and third husbands, Angus and Methven, with a seal of the former; Annas Elphinstone, Countess of Sutherland, her husband John the twelfth Earl, Lady Jane Gordon, Countess of Sutherland, her mother-in- law, and John, thirteenth Earl of Sutherland, her son ; and also of William Drummond of Hawthornden, the poet — in all thirty-nine woodcut signatures.

The second volume of the Elphinstone Book contains the detailed memoirs of the Honourable William EuUerton Elphinstone of Carberry, third son of Charles the tenth Lord Elphinstone. Mr. Elphinstone was a prominent director and chairman of the East India Company. He was one of its most highly respected and influential members. A letter from Warren Hastings, Governor-General of India, to Mr. Elphinstone on a resolution in his favour passed by the court of directors, is printed in his memoir, and also given in facsimile in this volume. Detailed memoirs of this venerable and respected nonogenarian and his descendants down to the present sixteenth Lord, his great-grandson, form the first portion of this second volume. The part of the volume which immediately succeeds these later memoirs contains a pedigree of John Elphinstone of Baberton and Selmes, and also one of James Elphinstone, his younger brother, created first Lord Balmerino in 1603, and their descendants. These two pedigrees, with the detailed memoirs of Baberton and Selmes, show the whole line of descent of these two brothers to their entire extinction in the male line. Following this is a short memoir of James Elphinstone, Lord Coupar, who was a younger son of the first Lord Balmerino.

Next to these memoirs comes a large collection of Eoyal Letters pre- served in the Elphinstone charter-chest, a second section of State and Domestic Letters, and a third section of Correspondence between Sir Robert

ELPniNSTONE GOERESPONDENGE AND CHARTERS. XXXMXX

Cecil, afterwards first Earl of Salisbury, Secretary of State for England, and James Elphinstone, first Lord Balmerino, Secretary of State for Scotland.

Following this correspondence is a selection from the charters of and relating to the family of Elphinstone, Lords Elphinstone. The first of these, about the year 1200, is a charter by Peter of Grame to the House of Soltre of three bovates of land in Elvynstoun. One of the most interesting of these charters is the charter of erection of the lands of Erth-Chalmerlane, Pitten- dreich, and Cragorth into the barony of Elphinstone. This charter, which bears date 4th January 1503-4 was by King James the Fourth to Sir John Elphinstone of Erth, knight, father of the first Lord Elphinstone. This selection, which embraces the period from c. 1200 down to 1508, is followed by the Patents of Peerage of the United Kingdom, conferred upon John, thirteenth Lord Elphinstone, in 1859, and William, fifteenth Lord Elphin- stone, in 1885. As explained in the memoirs, the earliest of the charters from the De Quincys as lords of Tranent_appear to have been retained by the heiress of Elphinstone when she inherited the lands after the battle of Piperdean, where her father fell.

Following the charters are several wills and other miscellaneous papers, including the testaments of James, first Lord Balmerino, in 1612; George Elphinstone of Blythswood, who therein acknowledges Alexander fourth Lord Elphinstone as his chief; William Drummond of Hawthornden the poet, a cousin of the Elphinstones ; Marion Ogilvie, Lady Melgund ; and several other Elphinstone writs.

The second volume further contains a comprehensive index of names of persons and places, which will facilitate ready reference to every portion of this work. This volume is further enriched with collotype portraits of the Honourable William Fullerton Elphinstone of Carberry, his two eldest sons John Fullerton Elphinstone and Captain Charles Elphinstone, his youngest son Colonel James Drummond Elphinstone, and his son the late

Irrtiiii claims by English elphinstones

William, fifteenth Lord Elphinstone, and also his Dowager, Constance, Lady Elphinstone.

Claims by certain English Elphinstones.

It may be proper here to notice that certain claims to Elphinstone honours have been made by Mr. Alexander Francis Elphinstone of Livonia House, near Sidmouth, Devon; (1) as descended from John Elphinstone of Baberton and Selmes, and as such the heir-male of James Elphinstone, Lord Balmerino, the younger brother of John ; and (2) as a cadet or collateral branch of the Lords Elphinstone. Claim has also been made by Mr. Nicolas William Elphinstone, son of Mr. Alexander Francis Elphinstone, as heir male of Mr. William Elphinstone, cup-bearer to King Charles the First, who is said to have been created a baronet in 1628, and as such heir-male, styling himself Sir Nicolas William Elphinstone, baronet.

In regard to these claims generally it may be explained that the first intimation of them received by me was from Mr. Nicolas William Elphin- stone himself in the month of October 1859. He waited upon me in Edin- burgh, and was both frank and courteous in his communication. He pointed out in a copy of Douglas' Peerage of Scotland that his father Mr. Alexander Francis Elphinstone was the heir-male of John Elphinstone of Baberton and Selmes, and of his immediate younger brother James Elphinstone, Lord Balmerino. Mr. Elphinstone did not then submit any proof of his statements.

Abandonment of Claim to Balmekino. Twenty-eight years later Mr. J. H. Barnett, Mr. Elphinstone's London solicitor, a respected practitioner there, waited upon me in Edinburgh on 2nd December 1887. He explained that Mr. Elphinstone and he had abandoned all claim to the male representation of Balmerino, Baberton, and Selmes, for many years. Mr. Barnett then offered me, on behalf of the late

CLAIM OF MR. NICOLAS ELPHINSTONE. \XX\X

Lord Elphinstone, to hand over the numerous papers which had been collected in reference to the claim, as Mr. Barnett thought they might be useful to Lord Elphinstone in support of his own claim to Balmerino. But that friendly offer was not accepted.

A detailed descent of the family of John Elphinstone of Baberton and Selmes, and also a Tabular Pedigree of that line, as well as a full Tabular Genealogy of the Balmerino line, are given in the second volume of this work. These will show that Mr. Alexander Francis Elphinstone and his family were not well advised in putting forward such a claim. While this claim is now formally abandoned, the statement of the Baberton and Bal- merino families referred to will save any such claim being hereafter revived.

Claim of Me. Nicolas Elphinstone as a Bakonet of 1628.

In regard to the other two claims made by the same family of Alexander Francis Elphinstone, and particularly the one made by Mr. Nicolas Elphin- stone to the baronetcy said to be created in favour of William Elphinstone, the cup-bearer, in 1628, it may be explained that when Mr. Barnett of London waited upon me on 2nd December 1887, he wrote in my chambers, on a large sheet of paper still preserved, a Tabular Pedigree of his Elphin- stone clients, showing that the alleged baronet was descended from John Elphinstone of Blythswood and his wife Elizabeth Douglas. This John Elphinstone, he said, was the common ancestor of two brothers both of the same name of John ; the elder brother being the direct ancestor of the baronet of 1628, and the second John or Jock, in France, being the direct ancestor through his French and Orkney descendants of the other alleged baronet, Mr. Nicolas Elphinstone. Shortly after Mr. Barnett waited upon me, the claim of Mr. Nicolas Elphinstone came formally before the late Mr. Burnett, Lyon King of Arms for Scotland, for recognition as the baronet. That claim was not intimated to the late Lord Elphinstone, who on las

Irrr claim withdrawn from the ltox court.

succession as fifteenth Lord, had his right duly admitted by the late Earl of KiunouU, then Lord Lyon King of Arms, and his Deputy King of Arms. When the claim of Mr. Nicolas Elphinstone to be a baronet was made, Mr. Burnett did not admit it, partly on account of the deficiency of proof of the legitimacy of the second brother John or Jock. But before a final decision was pronounced the death of Mr. Burnett occurred. The claim of Mr. Nicolas Elphinstone was renewed before Mr. Balfour Paul, the new Lyon King of Arms, as successor to Mr. Burnett. The claim was debated in the Lyon Court on several occasions by counsel at the Scottish Bar, on behalf of the claimant. Both Mr. Burnett and Mr. Paul were trained lawyers at the Scottish Bar, and were learned in genealogical and heraldic suhjects. They both readily saw the defect of proof in support of the claim, and indicated hostile judgments. The claim was not, in consequence, pressed to a decision in the Lyon Court ; and by permission it was withdrawn along with the documentary proofs founded to support it.

The Name and Title of Sir Nicolas Elphinstone dropped from "Debrett" in 1895.

Hearing that the claim to the baronetcy had not been allowed by the legal official judges of Arms, the editor of " Debrett's Peerage " after having iucluded Mr. Nicolas Elphinstone as a baronet for several years, including also by name seven or eight of the alleged baronets previous to him, struck his name out of the list of baronets in the publication of " Debrett " in the year 1895. Another editor of an annual Peerage-book printed a note after the name of Sir Nicolas Elphinstone, baronet, " that the officers of Arms did not recognise this baronetcy."

Mr. Edward Walford, former editor of "Lodge's Peerage."

The late Mr. Edward Walford, when he was editor of " Lodge's Peerage," was supplied with a paragraph by the late Sir Howard Crawford Elphin-

ELPHINSTONE ENTAILS OF 149C AND 1502. \XXXi

stone, son of Mr. Alexander Francis Elphinstone, stating that his family was a collateral branch of Lord Elphinstone's. As the notices of peers bore that these were revised by the peers themselves, which was not the fact as regards Lord Elphinstone, his Lordship remonstrated against such statements of claim, and repudiated them as unfounded. His remonstrances being disregarded by Mr. Walford in subsequent publications of "Lodge's Peerage, intimation had to be made on behalf of Lord Elphinstone that legal proceedings would be instituted to restrain the publication. Mr. Walford's editorship was soon afterwards discontinued, and he started the "Windsor Peerage," in which he of new advocated keenly the claims of these English Elphinstones to cadetship with Lord Elphinstone. He did so also in his small " Shilling Peerage " and in his larger " County Families." But all these statements in these annuals were made on mere ex imrte information, and with no proper editor judicially informed as to the legal questions involved in the claim. Such party paragraphs either as to peer- ages or baronetcies by interested editors not trained as lawyers can never create peerages or baronetcies, or even effect branches of noble families where no real claim exists.

Elphinstone Estate Entails in 1496 and 1502 contain no mention of

John, familiarly called Jock.

These questions have been thoroughly investigated in the legal and

recondite repositories of Lord Elphinstone's charter- chests. There exist

two entails of the Elphinstone Family Estates made in the years 1496 and

1502 by Sir John Elphinstone, father of the first Lord Elphinstone, and

the able and energetic founder of the new barony of Elphinstone in 1503.

Both these entails are printed ad longum in the second volume of this

work. They were made in the time of John Elphinstone, the common

ancestor of the John Elphinstone in Glasgow who married Agnes or

Elizabeth Forsyth, and of his alleged brother " John or Jock " of the

same Christian name, in France and Orkney. Now tiiese two family

vol. I. I

Irrni examinations of lord elphinstone's muniments.

entails, being made by the chief and male head of the Elphinstoues, and being contemporary with the three Johns, give an ample exposition of the real state of the family at that date. John, the father and common ancestor, is named as one of the true heirs of the Elphinstones of Elphin- stone, and so is his son John, the elder of the two brothers John.

But the John or Jock who is alleged to have been the younger brother, and of France and Orkney, is entirely omitted in both these early and important charter entails of the estates, thus showing that he was not acknowledged by the head of the Elphinstone Family in the years 1496 and 1502 as a legitimate cadet and member of that family, but was excluded and treated either as anonymous or illegitimate in origin.

Eepeated exajminations of Lord Elphinstone's Muniments by the

AGENTS of the ENGLISH CLAIMANTS. The late Lord Elphinstone was very generous in opening up his exten- sive MS. collections for historical and biographical purposes. Knowing well this feeling on the part of his lordship, I ventured to suggest to him, after he intrusted to me the preparation of an exhaustive report to the Eoyal Commissioners on Historical Manuscripts that he might indicate to Sir Howard Crawford Elphinstone that if any charters or other writs in support of the claim of his father to the Balmerino Peerage existed, they would be communicated to him. This offer was cordially accepted, and the promise has been duly observed ; and it is a guarantee that nothing of importance has escaped notice after the whole collection had been re- peatedly examined before they came into his Lordship's custody by two such experienced lawyers as Mr. John Kiddell and Mr. James Law, W.S., the law-agent of Mr. Alexander Francis Elphinstone and his family. In- deed hundreds of Lord Elphinstone's muniments still bear the initials of J. L. for James Law, before the collection was finally delivered over by the agent of the former Lord Elphinstone to the late Lord Elphinstone, as fifteenth Lord, As counsel for Mr. Alexander Elphinstone and his family,

"MORAL BUT NOT LEGAL EVIDENCE:' XXXXXH

Mr. Eiddell had to deal with a certain Birth-Brief, purporting to be given by King James the Sixth in favour of a certain Frenchman called Peter Dalfistoun, dated 1610.

Mr. Eiddell in one of his legal works has turned Scottish Birth-Brieves into ridicule and contempt, and he roundly asserts that no Scotch pedigree can be accepted upon a Birth-Brief alone, as is proposed in the claim of Mr. Nicolas Elphinstone to the extinct baronetcy of 1628.^

Sir Howaed Ckawfoed Elphinstone's Moral but not Legal Evidence, It is but fair to Sir Howard Crawford Elphinstone to note that on agreeing to the withdrawal of the claim to cadetship with Lord Elphinstone, he wrote to his Lordship on 19th October 1866 that "the data we have are sufficient to establish morally, although insufficient to prove it legally."

A short reference may be made as to the origin of all these claims which have been made by Mr. Alexander Francis Elphinstone and his family. During the correspondence in reference to these claims a letter was written by Sir Howard Warburton Elphinstone, the third real Elphin- stone baronet, to the late Lord Elphinstone. It is courteously and frankly expressed. In it he explains that as a young man he lived a great deal with his grandmother, the widow of Sir Howard Elphinstone, the first baronet; and at her death he inherited aU her papers. This lady was Frances, daughter of John "Warburton, who was nephew of John War- burton, Somerset Herald of Arms in the Heralds' College, London. Amelia Warburton was the mother of Sir Howard Elphinstone, the first baronet. Being so connected with heraldry, Frances Warburton naturally took an interest in that and the kindred science of genealogy. She prepared a pedigree of the Elphinstone Family, and her grandson, the present Sir Howard, refers to her great care and accuracy in recording every fact stated in it, " subject," he says, " to one exception, which, though unimportant to any one except my own branch of the family, is serious as regards them." ' Legal Essays by John Riddell, 1835, pp. 74-78.

Imit) FRANCES WARBVRTOirS GENEALOGICAL RESEARCHES.

The claims which have been made by these respected English Elpbiu- stones have been carefully investigated by learned lawyers both in England and Scotland on behalf of their clients, and submitted to the legal judges of claims to armorial bearings, two successive Lyon Kings of Arms, with the result stated in the foregoing pages.

In coming to the opinion on these claims, which I have stated, it is a satisfaction for me to think that that opinion has been formed impartially and independently, and that it is practically the same as the opinions of the two judges of arms in the Lyon Court.

The Peesent Work the only History of the Lords Elphinstone. The present history of the Elphinstones, Lords Elphinstone, is the only work authorised and approved of by the present Lord Elphinstone, who is the head and chief of the Elphinstone family.^ He has inherited the charter miiuiments of the family from his father, the late fifteenth Lord Elphinstone, who in turn inherited them from John, thirteenth Lord Elphinstone. The late Lord was in possession of the Peerage and estates of Elphinstone for up- wards of thirty years, from his succession in 1861 till his death in 1893. He was much interested in the history of his family, and gave a commission to the writer of these pages to form his numerous charter muniments and correspondence into a true and exhaustive family history. But he did not survive to see the work completed. His son and successor, the present six- teenth Lord, followed out the wishes of his father by renewing the commis- sion for the history of the family. The late Lord, in promoting such a work, showed most generous confidence in intrusting to me his entire family muniments without reserve, and the present Lord, as his successor, has shown the same generous confidence and co-operated with great energy and ability in forwarding the work. After a long life devoted to the elucidation of the history of the noble and baronial houses of Scotland, and being responsible for the preparation of a long array of family histories, the writer 1 Original letter, dated Ist M.iy 1872, in Elphinstone charter-chest,

A UTHENTICITY OF THE PRESENT WORK. IrjCIt)

has been able to bring to bear on the present work a prolonged experience ; and although in snch a multitude of ancient documents and facts requiring patient study, there may be discovered some omissions and commissions, he trusts that the twin volumes of " Elphinstoniana et Balmeroniana," will be found by those who have to study them, a record carefully, faithfully, and truthfully written, and not unworthy of the ancient race.

Conclusion. The Elphinstones Lords Elphinstone, through the long descent of centuries, have experienced the vicissitudes and changes, and the ups and downs like many other Scottish families. When they first entered upon possession of their commanding tower in the thirteenth century, they did not require to ascend to its summit to see thirteen counties. Quite before them were their own feudal superiors, probably Thorald of Tranent at his great castle, a mile or two to the east, subsequently obtained by the De Quincys, who were the feudal superiors both of the Elphinstones and Fawsides, another ancient race. The great De Quincys fell with the overthrow of Baliol ; and Bruce gave their lands and superiorities chiefly to Sir Alexander Seton of Seton. He was the representative of the Setons of that Ilk who for centuries flourished at Seton. The Setons thus became the superiors of Elphinstone and Fawside. In certain histories of the Seton family, it has been claimed that they were Setons of Seton from their first introduction to East Lothian. But it is undeniable that in the time of King David the Second, Margaret Seton, only daughter and heiress of Sir Alexander Seton, married Alan de Wyntoun. This alliance seems to have been considered ignoble, and created a great commotion in East Lothian. But it was not annulled, and Alan de Wyntoun was the progenitor of the future lairds of Seton and Earls of Winton, down to the time of George, fifth Earl, " who put it to the touch to gain or lose it all." He rebelled in 1715, and his peerages and estates became forfeited to the crown. His very palace, which had often been graced by the visits of royalty, was purchased by strangers and razed from

Irrrtii conclusion.

the face of the earth. Occupied as I happened to be from early years in reference to the descent of that family and their earldom of Winton, on behalf of their heir-male, the noble thirteenth Earl of Eglinton and Winton, I cannot but heave a sigh of regret for their unhappy fate.

While the Lords Elphinstone were the loyal feudal subjects of the Earls of Winton, and never swerved from fidelity to them, they were not involved in the fate of their feudal superiors. Athough their ancient Tower of Elphinstone was lost to them for a time by the law of division between male and female heirs, the old tower had a romantic return to them after the lapse of centuries. Unlike the Setons with their early broken male line of descent through the Wyntoun intermarriage, they have continued as they bet^an, in one unbroken line of male descent as Elphinstones of Elphinstone, conjoined from the year 1509 with the Scottish peerage of Lord Elphinstone conferred by the gallant King James the Fourth on his faithful subject, who was accounted his prototype on the disastrous field of Flodden. The Elphin- stone honours are conjoined also, since 1885, with that British Barony of Elphinstone of Elphinstone, in favour of the late Lord, who had long been in the service of Her Most Gracious Majesty, Queen Victoria.

WILLIAM FEASER.

Edinburgh, 32 Castle Street, 10th Lecemher 1897.

1 TABULAR GENEALOGY

OF IKE

FAMILY OF ELPHINSTONE, LORDS ELPHINSTONE.

From a.d. c. 1200-1897.

.—JOHN DE ELPHINSTONE. He wa and coustable of Scotland, to the witness to a donation by Gilbert de father of

a witness to a grant by Roger de Quiney, Earl of Winchester in England, uouks of Dryburgh of the wood of Gladswood, c. 1250. He was also a laya to the Abbey of Coupar, 1250. John de Elphinstoue was apparently

.—Mr. JOHN DE ELPHINSTONE. He was a witness to a grai

■ Fergus Cumyne, Knight, Lord of Gorgyu (Gorgie), to the Abbey of Holyrood of the mill-dam of Salchtoun'at the Water of Leith. Charter undated, but c. 1265. This Mr. John de Elphinstone was apparently the father of a third John de Elphinstone.

I

I

III.— JOHN ELPHINSTONE, who did fealty to King Edward the First, at Montrose, on 11th July 1296, and .again at Berwick on 2Sth August same year, being designed of the county of Edinburgh. John Elphin- stone survived until 1340. He married Marjorie Erth, heiress of Erthbeg. They had a son. I

Alan Elphinstone, wlio did hom- age on 28th August 1296, and was designated of the county of Ber- wick. He was probably brother to John.

IV.— ALEXANDER ELPHINSTONE, who succeeded his father about the year 1340. He received, circa 1341, a charter from Tliomas Erth of Wauchton, granting to him the lands in Erthbeg possessed by his late mother Marjorie, witli fisliings, and pasturage for six horses in the "Isle of Erth." He received from Sir Godfrey Ross tlie lands of Kythumbre, in the barony of Stonehouse, Lanarkshire. He died before 1363. He had issue.

v.— ALEXANDER ELPHINSTONE, styled "dominus ejusdem" in a charter by King David the Second, dated 1363. Previous to that year he gi-anted to Alexander More, son of the late Sir Adam More, the Lands of Kythumbre pos- sessed by his late father, Alexander Elphinstone, in exchange for a piece of land in Erthbeg. He was succeeded by his son I

-SIR WILLIAM ELPHINSTONE, Knight, who is named in a charter granted in 1397 by Sir William Lindsay of the Byres. He is supposed to have married Mary Leslie of the house of Rothes. He died before 1397, leaving issue. |

VI.-

VII.— WILLIAM ELPHINSTONE, who, in September 1397, received a chai-ter from Sir William Lindsay of the Byi-es, who styles him kinsman and " dominus ejusdem," to him as son and heir of the late Sir William Elphinstone,' Knight, of the lands of Pittendreich, in the shire of Stirling. He died c. 1424, leaving issue three sons.

I

Alexander, named in charter of 1397. Norman, named in charter of 1397. James, also named in 1397. Elizabeth, married Heliseus of Kj-n- nynmonth.

VIII.— 1. SIR ALEXANDER ELPHINSTONE OF Elphinstone, Knight, who was killed at the battle of Piperdeau on 10th September 1435, leaving only an lieir-female. His daughter Agnes m.arried Gilbert Johnstone, son of Adam John- stone of Johnstone, in Annandale, who acquired with her the estate of Elphinstone, in East Lothian. Their descendants, designed John- stones of Elphinstone, continued for many generations. But the tower and part of Elphin- stone were sold, and afterwards ag.ain became the property of the Lords Elphinstone.

VIII.— 2. HENRY ELPHINSTONE, of Mr. William El-

Pittendreich, who disputed the possession phinstone, canon

of Elphinstone with his niece Agnes. The of Glasgow .and

question was decided by arbiters, in 1471, archdeacon of

when the estate of Elphinstone was Teviotdale. He

assigned to Agnes Elphinstone, wliile was father of the

Airthbeg, Pittendreich, .and Strickshall famous William

were assigned to Henry Elphinstone. In Elphinstone,

December 1477 he resigned Aiithbeg to bishop of Aber-

his grandson John. He is said to have deen. He died on

married Jean Cunninghame, daughter of 30th June 1486. the laird of Polniaise. He had issue.

2 TABULAR GENEALOGY OF THE FAMILY OF ELPHINSTOXE, LORDS ELPH1XST0>-1

IX.— JAMES ELPHINSTONE, younger of Pit tendreicli, styled eldest son and lieir-apparent of Henry Elphinstone of Pittendreicli, iu charters of 1477. He married Isabella Bruce. James Elphinstone was dead before 1477. He had issue.

Laurence Elphinstone of John Elphinstone, bailie

Selmys, burgess of Edinburgh, of Glasgow in 1485, was

who appears as a witues.s to a also probably a son. He

charter in 1466, was probably a was apparently father of

son of Henry. He was father of |

X.— SIR JOHN ELPHINSTONE, Knight, of Pittendreich. In 1477, as son of James Elphinstone, he received a charter from his grandfatlier Henry Elphinstone, of the lands of Airthbeg. In 1496 he entailed his lands of Pit- tendreich, Airthbeg, etc., on him- self and other heirs, as shown in his Memoir. In 1.'502, in a charter of part of Craigrossy, the same heirs of entail are named. He was knighted in 1503, and had his whole lands in Stirlingshire and Perth- shire erected into the Barony OF Elphinstone. He died in 1508. He married, first, Euphamia [ ] ; secondly, Margaret

[ ]. He had issue.

ALEX.4NDER ELPHIN- STONE, designed brother of John El- phinstone of Airth. In 1508 he is de- scribed as of Scot- tistoun. He appears to have died without

Mr. William Elphin- stone, rector of Clatt, iuAberdeen-

vho

ap-

pointed tutor Alexander, second Lord Elphinstone in 1516. He died be- fore 21st July 1531.

Andrew Elphinstone of Selmys, John Elphin called as an heir of entail in 1496 stone, d e and 1502 by John Elphinstone of Pittendreich. He left issue on his death in 1513, three sons, William, provost of the Collegiate Church of Bothwell ; Andrew ; and Alexander, canon of Aberdeen.

Nicholas Elphinstone, who re- ceived in 1499 the lands of Glack, Aberileenshire, from his brother Andrew, and was ancestor of the Elphinstones of Glack, etc.

Janet married Richard Lausouu of Hieriggis.

scribed in en tails by Join Elphinstone o Pittendreich, o date 1496 an( 1502, as son o the uncle of the entailer. He married Beat- rice Wardlaw, and had issue a son, George, who was ances- tor of the El- phinstones OF Bltthswood.

XL— ALEXANDER ELPHINSTONE, first LORD ELPHINSTONE, who during Thomas his father's lifetime received charters of the lands of Invemochtie and others to Elphin-

himself and his wife Elizabeth Barlow, in 1507 ; the Mains of KiUlrumniy and stone, who

others, iu Aberdeenshire, in 1508. In 1508 he succeeded Ids father in the is named

barony of Elphinstone, and was, at the baptism of Prince Arthur, about along with

November 1509, created Lord Elphinstone. He and liis wife afterwards his father

received new charters of all their lands. He was Icillerl ;it the battle of Flodden as tenantof

on 9tli September 1513. His wife was Elizabeth Barlow, a maid of honour to the Halls Queen Margaret Tudor, wife of King James tlic Fourtli. Lady Elphinstone of Airth. survived her husband, and married, secondly, John, sixth Lord Forbes, by whom also she had issue. Alexander, fir.st Lord Elpliiustone, had issue two sons, Alexander (.second Lord) and James, and four daughters.

Isabella, nurse of Prince James (who died 1508). She married, first, David Lindsay of Dunrod ; second, Robert Maxwell of Calderwood.

Jean, who ap- pears to have died unmarried.

11. —ALEXANDER ELPHINSTONE, second LORD ELPHINSTONE, Ja m es, to whom, as a minor, Mr. William Elphinstone, rector of Clatt, in born 12th Aberdeenshire, was, as nearest agnate on the father's side, appointed May 1512, lawful tutor on 28th November 1516. Two years later Mr. Robert Elphin- died uu- stone, parson of Kincardine, "cousin " of the minor, protested against married, the tutor's acts, and was himself appointed on the other's resignation. Lord Elphinstone was present at the battle of Pinkie, and was killed there on 10th September 1547. He married Catherine Erskine, eldest daughter of John, fourth Lord Erskine, and had issue six sons and five daughters. |

Elizabeth, bom 25th April 1508, married Sir David Somerville of Plane, and had issue.

Euphemia or Effie, born 11th May 1509, married John Bruce of Cnltmalin- die, and had issue.

Mart, bom 28th April 1510, died unmarried at Stirling.

Barbara, born 22nd August 1513. Died young.

TABULAR GENEALOGY OF THE FAMILY OF ELPHINSTONE, LORDS ELPHINSTONE.

XIII.— ROBERT.thiedLORD ELPHINSTONE, born 9tli September 1530. In 1550 he had a charter of various lands to himself and his wife. In 1568, after the Earl of Moray became regent, Lord Elphinstone was required to give up his tower of Elphin- stone to the government, and, in 1571, he was required to deliver the castle of Kil- drumniy. He married, iu 1546, Margaret Drummond, daughter of Sir John Drum- mond of Inverpeffray, and Margaret Stewart, Lady Gor- don, and had issue six sons and four daughters. He divested himself of his estates in 1577 in favour of his eldest son. Robert, Lord Elphinstone, died on IStli May 1002.

John Elphinstone, parson of Invernochty, born 4th June Maegaret, married 1536, married Agnes Bruce, sister to the laird of Clackman- John Livingston, nan, and had issue. He died in 1616. " ~

James Elphinstone, born 12th July 1538, had a charter of the lands of Inverdovat and others, in Fife, in 1599. He was one of the household of King James the Sixth. He mar- ried Agnes Ramsay, sister to Ramsay of Clettie, and had one son Frederick, who was his heir in Inverdovat.

Alexander Elphinstone, born 19th January 1539, designed brother of Lord Elphinstone in a chai'ter of 1581, to which he is a witness. He died unmarried.

Sir Michael Elphinstone, born 28th September 1544, had charters of part of Kittyniuir in 1580, and of Hillington and Archilton in 1581. He became master of household to King James the Sixth. He was sworn of the privy council in 1604, and died unmarried in 1625.

William Elphinstone, twin with Michael. He had a charter iu 1589 from Robert, Earl of Orkney, of the lands of Trosnes. He became sheriff of Orkney, and died on 26th July 1602. He married Janet, daughter of James Henderson of Fordell, who survived him. He h.id issue three sons, William, Michael and Henry.

younger of Duni- pace, and had issue.

[SOBEL, married James Hamilton of Haggs, and had

Marjory, married Robert Drummond of Carnock, and had issue.

Janet, married Robert Leslie of Rosmarkie, laird of Findrassie, and had issue.

XIV. — ALEXANDER, FOURTH LORD EL- PHINSTONE, born 28th May 1552. In 1598 he was made a privy councillor, and iu the following year high treasurer, which oIKce he held till Sep- tember 1601. He also held the office of an extraordinary lord of session in 1599-1610. He died in January 1638. He married, iu 1575, Jane, eldest daughter of William, sixth Lord Living-

SiR John Elphinstone, elder of Selmes and Baberton, l.iorn 9th September 1553, man-ied Giles, daughter of the laird of Selmes, and, in 1597, acquired the lands of Baberton. He died in October 1614, leaving issue.

James Elphinstone of Invernochtie and Barnton, secretary of state and president of the council, was born on 19th August 1557. He was created in 1603 Lord Balmebino. In 1605 he was appointed president of the court of session. He died at Balmerino in 1612. He was twice married, first, to Sarah, daughter of Sir John Menteith of Kerse ; secondly, to Marjory, daughter of Hugh Maxwell of Tealing. He had issue, and was the ancestor of the sixth and last Lord Balmerino, who was executed, as a Jacobite, on Towerhill, 18th August 1746.

John Elphinstone, younge England i

id ha

, 14th July 1558, and died in

William, born 27th April 1563, and died in Naples 1588. GEnROE, born 3rd January 1565, became a Jesuit.

1556, married Patrick Barclay of ToUie Bar- clay, and had issue.

Agnes, born 3rd October 1559, married Walter Ogilvie of Findlater, and had issue one daughter, who became Lady Pitsligo.

Elizabeth, born 1st August 1561, married Robert Innes of Innes, 1st November 1682, and had issue. She died in 1013.

Map

borr

cember 1568, married John Cunningham of Druujquhassel, 31st De- cember 1587, and had

i TABULAR GENEALOGY OF THE FAMILY OF ELPHINSTONE, LORDS ELPHINSTONE.

XV.— ALEXANDER, fifth LORD ELPHINSTONE, who succeeded his father in January 163S. He received, in 1601, a remission for having attended a secret mass in the house of Alexander Napier, burgess of Edinburgh. He was afterwards sent to St. Andrews, from which university he had, in 1601, a testimony to his proficiency in theology, and of his signing the Confession of Faith. He was one of the com- missioners for opening the Scottish pai-liament of 1630, and in 1633 entered into an agreement with his fatlier for the latter's parlia- mentary robes. He died 27th August 1648, and was succeeded in his title and estate by his nephew Alexander, son of liis brother James. He married, on 28th April 1607, Elizabeth Drummond, sister of James, first Earl of Perth, and had issue four sons, Alexander, J ames, Alex- ander, and John, and six daughters, Jean, Lilias, Elizabeth, Mary, Isobel, and Anna. These all died young, except the daughter Lilias, as shown in detailed Memoirs. |

Mr. James Elphinstonk of Baruis, who appears tohave held f"v ;i tiniM t!i.- Iniids 0fQ»:-n.;,inr^hi! .i.-l,liv. He II, ,r l.:,itlKl-

the 1 28th

Jean.

1. He d, Hele

liber ltJl4. ily daughter

daughter to the laird of Brux, on 9th July 1622. He died before June 1628, leaving issue one son and two daughters.

XVI.— LILIAS ELPHINSTONE, who became heir of line of the family, and married her cousin Alexander, who was the heir-male, on 25th November 1645. She made her will on 1st July 1668, in which she mentions her son John, Lord Elphinstone, in her life- time. She died in 1675. They had

= ALEXANDER, MASTER OF ELPHINSTONE, and sixth LORD ELPHINSTONE, who was born 31st July 1624, suc- ceeded his uncle, Alexander, fifth Lord in 1648. He married his cousin Lilias, the heir of line, and at his death, on 26th October 1654, left issue.

Jean, born 14th March 1616, who was retoured heir general to her father, James Elphinstone of Barnis, in 1634 ; married Alexander Urquhart of Dunlugus.

XVII.— l.ALEXANDER,SEVENTH XVIL-

LORD ELPHINSTONE, re- was i

toured heir to his father on 30th He \

May 1655, but died in May 1669, 1689,

without issue, and was succeeded answ

by his brother John, eighth Lord. king.

He married, 10thSeptemberl667, of tli

Anne, daughter of Alexander his v

Burnet, archbishop of Glasgow, Char

who survived him, and married dale,

Patrick, third Lord Elibank. issue

-2. JOHN, EIGHTH LORD ELPHINSTONE, etoured heir to his brother on 29th March 1C70. as :i iii-ml'cr of the convention of estates in ;iii'l -' ) 'I" li It i-r sent to King William in

I II It I'll ': in -loue was a steaily supporter ill la-d -Jlth March 1718. By 111-. I.I ' \! iitl.Mi-i. I'ldest daughter of fi II '1,1 Earl of Lauder-

«: Apiil 1670, he had

James, Anna,

baptized at baptized at Airth, 31st Airth, 22nd July 1651, June 1648, married Walter, sixth Lord Torphichen, in 1671, and had issue.

died 26th March 16H6.

XVllL- M AS' ELPH born 1672.

1. JOHN, PER OF INSTONE, 13th May Died young.

Charles

ELPHIN- STONE,

born 18th November

1676, and died young and unmarried.

RICHAIU),

XVIU. — 2. CHARLES, NINTH LORD ELPHIN- STONE, born lltli.Vinil 1682. JSci'vi'il 111 I'hiii- ders from I'oC, tn tin' peace of I'trcrht in 171;!, and held the rank of captain. He succeeded his father in 1718, and died 20th February 17.^7. He married Eliza-

Jo HN, born 13th August 1685.

Captain Wil- liam, born 13th March 1689, killed .at tlie battle of Preston 1715, s.p.

Me

of

born 14th February 1681. Died unmarried.

('aniiii;l'iii, who died IGth February 1738, and had issue, six son-i and five danghters, as .shown in detailed Memoirs.

Elizabeth, born 24th May 1673, who married the Hon. John Campbell

of Mamore, and hail issue. She died 13th April 1758. Isobella, born 7th November 1677, dii'il at K.liiibiir-li .Tune 1679, "the

M.Mi'. I'll: ' T the Duchess of .•\ii':ii!\ . ""I II 1". ii .laiiuary and died IJii, lV-i.iuai'> mso.

Anna, born 29th May 16S3.

Margaret, born 30th May 1684, married, first, in 1706, George Count Leslie of Balquhain ; second. Sir James Gordon of Park, and had issue to both.

Mary, born at Newport Pond in Essex, 30th September 1686. She married Thomas Buohan of Cairn- bulg, advocate.

TABULAR GENEALOGY OF THE FAMILY OF ELPHINSTONE, LORDS ELPHINSTONE. 5

John, born JOHN,

MA

STER OF

29th June 1703, ami died on the same day.

ELPHINSTONE, Lorn 17th January 1706, died in the lifetime of liis father, at Culcruich, 29th April 1753. His wife was Miirjory, daughter of Sir GUbert Fleming of Farm, Baronet. She survived him, dying at Edinburgh 6th Augiist 1784, without

James Elphix-

STONK,

who was born 15th ApriU708,

died unmarried.

XIX.— CHARLES, TENTH LORD ELPHINSTONE, born 6th August 1711. Succeeded his father in 1757. He mar- ried, in 1735, Lady Clemen- tina Fleming, daughter and heiress of John, sixth Earl of Wigton, and heir-general of the Wigton, Keith, Marischal and Drummond families. She died 1st January 1799. Lord Elphinstone died 6th April 1781, leaving issue, seven sons and seven daughters, as shown in detailed Memoirs.

AKOni-

BAI,D

born 18th

June 1714. KiUed in

expedition against Cartha-

gena,1741.

WlLLTAM,

born 20th

June 1718,

died

young.

and had issue.

Primrose, born 27th January 1725. Married Rev. Ale.-sander Home, after- wards Earl of Home, and had issue.

1 XX.— JOHN, eleventh LORD ELPHINSTONE, born 26th January 1737, became an officer in the army, an<l served in Canada under General Wolfe. Held the office of lientcn.int-governor of Edinburgh Castle. Succeeded his fatlier April 1781. Elertcd a repre.sentative peer of Scot- land 1784 and 17911. He ,lie.l 19th August 1794. Hv marvi.d Anne, eMc^t daughter of J.anies, third Lord lliitiivi-u, who sur- vived him, :uid died 28tli Octo- ber 1801. Tliey had issue four sons and four dausrliters.

Charles Elphin- Lockhart Elphinstone, STONE, born 29th born 26th November 1743. April 1739, lo.st at Died young, sea in H.M.S. 'St.

George," 13th April George Keith Elphin-

1758. Unmarried. stone, born 7th January

1746. He entered the

\V]|,I,IAM FuLLF.RTON navy in 1701, and gi'eally

Eliiiinst,..m.: of ilistinguished himself. For

]')lpliiu^toiir and li is Services he was created

Carliorry. [See Kl- a peer by the title of Lord

phiiistone and Car- Keith, and afterw.ards

hernj Line next Viscount Keith. He was

^)fif/c] twice married, and had

issue, but the titles are

now extinct for lack of

lieirs-male. He died on

10th March 1823.

Mart Elphinstone died

8th May 1825. Elizabeth, died young. Eleonora, m.irried, 1777,

Right Hon. William Adam

of

-Ada

had

Prlmrose. Will dated 28th July 1800. Died 18th January 1802.

Clementina. Married, 31st March 1785, James Drum- mond, crkated Lord Perth. Theirdaughterbe- came Lady Willoughby De Eresbt.

XXI.— J0HN,twelfth LORD Charles Elphinstone, James Ruthven El- Anne Stuart, died 1832.

irards Ch; t of Biggar and

ELPHINSTONE, entered the army, and became major- general . Succeeded his father 1794, was chosen a representative peer 1 806, and died 20th May 1813. He married, 31st July 1806, Janet Hyndford, daughter of Cornelius Elliot of Wolf- lee, relict of Sir John Gibson Carnuchael, Bart., and had issue.

J

XXIL— 1. JOHN, thirteenth LORD ELPHIN- STONE, G.C.B., aovEBNonoF Madras, and after- wards OF Bombay durino the mutiny of 1857. Born 2nd June 1807. Died unmarried, 19th July 1860, and was succeeded by his cousin John Fleming as fourteenth Lord.

in 1816, Catalina- Paulina - Alessandro, and had issue one son and fonr daughters, as in detailed Memoirs.

without issue, 1st Augu.st 1828.

Mountstuart Elphin- stone, D.C.L., Gover- nor of Bondiay, his-

Keith, married, 4tli September 1803, David Erskine of Car- dross. Died 4th August 1841, leaving issue.

XXII.— 2. JOHN FLEMING, fourteexth LORD ELPHINSTONE, born 11th Dc.cmber 1819. Succeeded his cousin as fourteentli Lord Eli.liinstone July 1860. He was unmarried, and on liis dcatli, 13tli January 1861, was succeeded by liis cousin William BuUer Fullerton as

FIFTEENTH LORD El.I'HINSTONE,

TABULAR GENEALOGY OF ELPHINSTONES OF ELPHINSTONE AND CARBERRY.

THE DIRECT LINEAL ANCESTORS OF WILLTAJI, FIFTEENTH LORD ELPHINSTONE,

AND HIS SON, SIDNEY HERBERT, THE SIXTEENTH AND PRESENT

LORD ELPHINSTONE.

The Honourable WILLIAM FULLERTON ELPHINSTONE of Elphinstone and Carberry, born 13th Septkm- BER 1740, commander in H.E.I.C.S., and for mant tears a director, and sometime chairman of the com- pany. He died 3rd May 1S34. Hk married, on 24th June 1774, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of William Fullerton of Carstairs, and niece and heiress of John Fulleuton of Carberry, Midlothian. She survived her hvsband, and died 27th May 1840. They had issue four sons and three DAUCTiTERs.

John Fullerton Elphinstone, one of the select committee at Canton, China. Died 12th Marcli 1854.

Charles Elphin-stone, born in 1784. A captain in the Royal Navy. Lost in the "Blenheim" in Felji-nary 1807.

William Georgic Keith Elphinstone, major-geniral in the army, C.B,. K.L.W., K.S.A. Died in command in India on 23rd April 1842.

JAMES DRUMMOND ELPHINSTONE, afterwards James Drummond Buller Fullerton Elphinstone of Elphinstone and Carberry. A lieutenant-colonel in the army. He died 8th March 1857. He married, tirst, in 1820, Diana Mary, only daughter of Charles John Clavering, who died in 1821 ; secondly, Anna Maria, only daughter of Admiral Sir Edward Buller, Baronet, of Trenant Park, Corn- wall, who died in 1845, by whom he had issue four sons and four daughters.

Clementina, married, 18th January 1809, Vice-Admiral Sir Pulteney Malcol m,G. C. B. , and died 19th November 1830.

Anne, who was killed carriage accident on August 18.'i0.

XXII.— 3. William Buller Fuller- ton, fifteenth Lord Elphin- stone, and first Lord Elphin- stone IN THE El- phinstone and Carberry line. [Vhhpogel.]

Edward Charles Eli'Iiinstone, born 17th Novem- Ijcr 1832. Captain late 92nd Highlan- ders. He married, 5th May 1859, Elizabeth Har- riette, youngest daughter of the Right Hon. Sir George Clerk, Bart., and has issue two sons and two daughters.

John Frederick El- PHINSTONK, born in 1838, lieutenant-colo- nel Scots Fusilier Guards. Died 22nd November 1874, un- married.

George James Eij-hin- STONK, born 1841, married, 1868, Annie, daughter of Rev. John Macintyre, LL. D. He died on 1st March 1879.

Gertrude, m.arried, 16th April 1850, J.ames Hope, Esquire of Belmont, county of Edinburgh. She died 29th March 1S94.

Clementina Fleming, married, 8th April 1858, Lieutenant Colonel Douglas Jones, who died 1879, s.j).

Anna Maria, married, 4th March 1857, Thomas Henry Montgomery, E.squire, late captain 42nd Highlanders, who died 1879, leaving issue two sons and a daughter.

Elizabeth Mary, married, 17th January 1860, the Very Rev. J. F. Montgomery, D.D., Dean of Edinburgh, who died on 21st September 1897, s.p.

Charles James Elphinstone, born 14th August 1860. Died at Cannes 14th January 1868.

George Keith, born nth May 1865.

THE LORDS ELPHINSTONE OF ELPHINSTONE AND C2S.RBERBY—{amtinued.)

XXII.— 3. WILLIAM BULLER FULLERTON, fifteenth LORD ELPHINSTONE, and first Lord Elphinstone

OP THE ELPHINSTONE AND CaRBEERY LINE. BORN 18TH NOVEMBER 1828. ENTERED THE NaVY IN EARLY

youth, serving for a timk in the "illustrious," the flagship of his cousin, admiral sir charles Adah, K.C.B. He was raised to the rank of Lieutenant in 1848, and of Captain in 1856. Lord elphinstone was engaged in active service in various parts of the world, especially in china, the Baltic, the Crimea, and South America. On the death of his cousin, John Fleming, on 13th January 1861, he succeeded as fifteenth Lord Elphinstone. He was elected a representative peer IN the year 1868, AND continued in that capacity till his creation as a peer of the United Kingdom ON 30th December 1885. He represented the Admiralty in the House of Lords in Lord Beacons- field's administration. Lord Elphinstone married, on 16th June 1864, Constance Euphemia Woronzow, second daughter of Alexander Edward, sixth Earl of Dcnmore. He died on 18th January 1893. He had issue three sons and two daughters. I

JAMES DRUMMOND, MASTER OF ELPHINSTONE, liorn 15tli April 1865, second lieutenant 3i\l Battalion Gordon Highlanders. Died 9tU November 1890, in the lifetime of his father.

XXIIL — SIDNEY HERBERT, six- teenth LORD EL- PHI N S T 0 N E, lioRN 27ti! July 1869. Educated at Marlborough College, Suc- ceeded his Fa- ther ON 18tu January 1893, as sixteenth LORD.

Mountstuart

William Elphinstone,

born 5th March 1871.

Constance Lothian. bom 5th October 1873! Died I8th March 1895.

THE CONNECTION OF THE EAKLS OF WIGTON, MARISCHAL AND KINTOKE, WITH JOHN, ELEVENTH LOKD ELPHIN- STONE.

William, sixth Eabl Marisohal.

I

William, George,

SEVENTH Earl eighth Earl

Mabischal. Marisciial.

Hon. Sir John, created Earl of Kintore, '26tli .Time 1677. He eutailed his

Robert Keith, title and estates, 22ud Fcl.iruary 1604, to liiiiiself and the heirs-

died unmarried. male of his body, whom failing, to tlie lit-ir.s-male of his

brother, George, eighth Earl JUarischal, wliom failing, to the

heirs-female of his own body. I

William, ninth Earl Marischal. I

George, tenth and last Earl Mari- schal. Besides possessing the Mari- schal estates, he inherited in 1761 the Kintore estates, but he refused to have a clause inserted in an Act of Parliament to enable him to inherit peerages. He died 23rd May 177S, unmaiTied. Tlie Kintore estate and title being entailed devolved on Anthony Adi-iaii, eighth Lord Halkerton.

John, sixth Earl of Wigton. They had

John, third Earl op Lady Kintore, died 23rd Catherine

William, fourth Earl OF Kintore died 22nd Novemlier 1761. His title and estates de- volved on George, tenth Earl Marischal.

Margaret,

married David, fifth

Lord Halkerton.

Lady Jean, died un- married.

John, eleventh Lord Elhinstonb, who, on the death of Georg

tenth Earl Marisohal, in 1778, inherited the residue

of his property.

Alexander, sixth Lord Halkerton.

William, seventh Lord Halkerton.

Anthony Adrian, eighth Lord Halker- ton. He succeeded to the title and estate of Kintore on the death of George, tenth Earl Marischal, in 1778.

MEMOIRS

OF THE

ELPHINSTONES, LORDS ELPHINSTONE.

FROM THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY.

I. — John de Elphinstone, first Known Pkogenitor of the

ELPHINSTONE FAMILY.

c. 1200-1250.

John de Elphinstone is the earliest member of the Elphinstone family whose name is recorded in authentic documents. He flourished in the reigns of King William the Lion, King Alexander the Second, and King Alexander the Third, or at least during the time of the two last of these sovereigns. He appears without the surname of Elphinstone, which at this early period had not been adopted by the family. He is designed " John de Elphinstone," however, which shows that the lands of Elphinstone or a part of them, were, in his time, in the possession of the family.

The first mention of John de Elphinstone is as a witness to a grant by Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester in England, and successively justiciar and constable of Scotland, to the monks of Dryburgh Abbey, of the wood of Gladswood.i The charter, which is undated, must have been granted between 1233, when, upon the death of Alan, lord of Galloway, constable of Scot- land, Roger de Quincy, his son-in-law, was appointed to that office, and

' Registrum de Dryburgb, p. 99. The witnesses to this charter are not given in the print by the Bannatyne Club, but Crawford, who saw the original cartulary, gives John de Elphin- stone as one of them.

VOL. I. A

2 JOHN DE ELPHINSTONE, FIRST KNOWN PROGENITOR, C. 1200-1250.

1264, when Eoger de Quiucy died. The year 1250 may be suggested as the date of the charter.

John de Elphinstone also witnessed a charter by Gilbert de Haya to the abbey of Coupar in Angus. This grant is dated in 1250.^

John de Elphinstone was apparently father of a son of the same name.

II. — Me. John Elphinstone, c. 1250-1265.

This second ancestor of the family is recorded to have been present as a witness to transactions which took place in the middle of the thirteenth century. Sir William of Lewyngston, knight, lord of Gorgyn, now called Gorgie, near Edinburgh, after he had inspected it, confirmed a charter granted by his predecessor. Sir Fergus Cumyne, knight, lord of Gorgyn, giving to the house of the Holy Eood of Edinburgh, and canons there, power to construct the dam of their mill of Salchtoun (Saughton) across the Water of Lyeth (Leith) upon his land of Gorgyn ; and to hold and use it for ever. The confirmation of the charter is dated, the Thursday after the Annuncia- tion, 31st March 1328. The charter itself, to which Fergus Cumyne, the granter, attached his seal, is narrated in the confirmation. The witnesses to the charter are Sir William of Lysuris, constable of Edinburgh Castle, or as it is called in the deed, Castrum Puellarum, Serlo of Seton, and Alexander, his son, Mr. John of Elfyngstoun, Hugh of Dudyngstoun, Thomas of Bennachetyne, then steward of the abbot of Holy Eood, Patrick, son of Symon, Eichard of Striuelyn, and William, son of William, son of Bartholomew, burgesses of Edinburgh. The charter is undated, but appears from the witnesses, Serlo and Alexander of Seton, and others, to have been granted about the year 1260 or 1265.^

1 Book of transcripts of Charters by Mr. often referred to by writers as of high Walter Macfarlane of Macfarlane, in the authority. Atlvocatea' Library, Edinburgh. The col- lection of charters made by Macfarlane is - Charters of Holyrood, pp. 75-77.

JOHN OF ELPHINSTONE TAKES THE OATH OF FEALTY.

III. — John of Elphinstone, 1296-c. 1340.

John of Elphinstone was one of the prominent persons compelled by the successes of King Edward the First of England to swear fealty to that sovereign. On 10th July 1296, at Brechin, John Baliol, King of Scotland, resigned his kingdom into the hands of King Edward. The tendering of allegiance to the English had already begun, as on the same day, at Montrose, John Comyn, Earl of Buchan, in presence of the King of England, renounced the league with France and swore fealty to Edward. On the day following, or the 11th of July, Sir John le Botilier and Sir Nicholas de Eotherford, knights, and Ealph de Eglinton, Thomas de Win- cester, John de Elfingstone, Fergus le Mareschal, and Godfrey de Ardrossan, all separately took the same oath of fealty, probably also in presence of King Edward.^

In his submission, which was given at Montrose, and is drawn up in Norman French in the usual form and sealed by him, and which is still preserved, John de Elphinstone promised and swore upon the holy evangels to be loyal to King Edward and his successors against all men.^

The seal of John of Elphinstone appended to this formal submission is thus described : — " On tag, green wax ; a shield charged with a boar's head couped, turned to sinister ; in chief a fleur-de-lys " ; legend, " S. Johannis de Elphinstun."^

This ceremony of taking the oath was on the part of John of El^jJiinstone repeated a month later at Berwick-on-Tweed on 28th August 1296. Indeed, the oath seems to have been imposed shire by shire. Amongst others who there and then joined in taking it were Johan de Haukerstone, William le Fraunceys, Johan de Elfinstone, Wautier de Congeltone, del counte de Edne-

' Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland, by Joseph Bain, vol. ii. pp. 194, 195.

- Palgrave's Documents and Records illustrating the History of Scotland, p. 171.

'■' Bain's Calendar, vol. ii. p. 181, No. 773.

4 JOHN OF ELPHINSTONE, 1296-f. l.SiO.

burke.i At the same place and on the same date, " Aleyn de Elfinestone," of the county of Berwick, gave his oath of fealty .^ He may have been a brother of John of Elphinstone, but this is uncertain. The part which John of Elphinstone took in the wars of the succession cannot be discovered ; but as he succeeded in keeping possession of his estates, there can be no doubt he adhered to the interests of King Robert the Bruce and his son, David the Second.

The only other known record of John of Elphinstone is as a witness to several charters granted at different dates. One of these writs in which he appears in this character is a charter by James, lord of Douglas, to Eoger of Moray, of his lands of Eala. The charter is written at Neubotle, and is dated 1st September 1321. Along with Alexander de Setoun and other witnesses, his name is given as " Johanne de Elfinestoun." ^

Another and later charter in which John of Elphinstone appears as a witness is one by Christiana Byseth, lady of Clerkynton, near Kerinton, in Lothian, who granted to the church of Feubotle and the monks there the right of patronage of her church of Clerkyutun. The charter is authenti- cated by the seal of John, abbot of Holyrood of Edinburgh, and the witnesses are neighbouring proprietors, William and Laurence of Abyrnethy, William of Leuyngistoun, Alexander of Setoun, knights, Eobert of Fawusid, Radulph of Cranistoun, Henry of Edmoundistoun. John of Elphingistoun is placed next before Robert of Fawusid. The charter is dated at Neu- botle, 4th June 1338.*

John of Elphinstone is again a witness to a grant by William of Leuyng-

ston, knight, to the monks of Neubotle and to their men dwelling on their

' Bain's Calendar, vol. ii. p. 203. From inference is that they refer to the same John,

the fact that the seal apparently of this John who it may thus be concluded took the oath

de Elfinstone is said to be in a tray {ibid. p. of fealty twice. 557, No. 559), and the seal already described 2 //„;,/. p 206.

to be attached to the tag of the Submission, ^ The Douglas Book, by Sir William

and also from the consideration that the de- Fraser, K.C.B., vol. iii. pp. 356-7. scription given of both seals is identical, the * Cartulary of Neubotle, p. 293.

ALEXANDER OF ELPHINSTONE AT STIRLING CASTLE. 5

lands of Estyr Kragh of Gorgyne, of freedom to his mill of Gorgyue, with room, next after his own dominical grain, without payment of multure, save a firlot in the chalder to the miller. The charter is dated at Neubotle, 3rd March 1338-9. Sir John, abbot of Holyrood, Sir Alexander of Seton, Sir David of Wemys, and others, friends and neighbours of John of Elphin- stone, are witnesses along with him to that charter.^

John of Elphinstone married Marjorie Erth, heiress of Erthbeg or Little Erth, and acquired with her the earliest possessions of the family in Stirlingshire. These lands formed the nucleus of the barony of Elphinstone in the county of Stirling, which a century and a half later became for many generations the residence of the descendants in the main line of John of Elphinstone and Marjorie of Erthbeg.

John of Elphinstone died about the year 1340.

IV. — Alexander of Elphinstone, son of John of Elphinstone,

THE THIKD OF THAT NAME,

c. 1340-c. 1363.

In his early life, and before his succession to the Elphinstone estates, Alexander Elphinstone appears to have gone to Stirling, the shire to which his mother belonged, and there joined the garrison in Stirling Castle, then held by the English. In the compotus of Sir Thomas de Kokeby, English warden of the castle of Stirling for the years 1336 and 1337, Alexander de Elfynstone appears as one of eighty esquires, probably meaning horsemen, who with eighty archers and others formed the garrison, and received pay- ment for their services as such. If the Alexander de Elphinstone