~~ grew aay - << re ¥ » THOMAS LINCOLN CASEY LIBRARY 1925 eae of. TRANSACTIONS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LONDON FOR THE *EBARK 1883. iL. O.N DON: PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY WEST, NEWMAN AND ©CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C. SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S ROOMS, 11, CHANDOS STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W., AND BY LONGMAN, GREEN, READER AND DYER, PATERNOSTER ROW. 1883. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ee Prof. J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &e.—Hon. Life President. COUNCIL FOR 1883. J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S. ... President. H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.B.S. F. Du Cane Gopman, Esq., M.A., F.R. S. | Vice-Presidents. R. M‘Lacatan, Esq., F.R.S. f Epwarp SaunDers, Esq., F.L.S.... .. Treaswrer. : -FERDINAND GrvtT, Esq., F.L.S. ... .. Librarian. Epwarp A. Fitcn, Esq., F.L.S. ... W. F. Kirsy, Esq. . a Rev. H. 8. GorHamM, P. Z. gS, J. W. May, Esq., K.N.L. saan j Secretaries. Francis P. Pascox, Esq., F.L.S.. ... | Other Members of J. W. Suater, Esq. re : Council. CHARLES O. WATERHOUSE, Esq. .. W. E. Poo.e. ... Resident Librarian. THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 1834—1883. The Transactions can now be obtained by Members’ at the following reduced prices :— PUBLIC. MEMBERS. First Series, 4 volumes (1834—1845)...... Price£4 13 0 £3 10 0 Second Series, 5 volumes (1850—1861) .... 8 0 0 315 0 Third Series, 5 volumes (1862—1869) GO 410 0 The Transactions for the year 1868........ 1030 ” ” Us asbasasc i 2 0 ” ” (Vas an 0sae is 2 239° 10 , ” USW Als S5no6 nic ep O ” ” WS ater etelle' ete ee <0 ” ” USHiBen ono TE ” ” US Wits Gece 12 10 ” ” LSID stetonvettere bigt2! 10 3 00 ” ” US atac Sor eo ” ” vin ae boo be 1 4 0 HS 4 RSTO aereicio aes te 015 0 9 + ISTO ay. vie aise 1278 016 6 ” ” US Mag soonac 019 O 014 3 5: e LSA 5° 116 0 17 8 ” ” 1882 Far atelatar= 110 0 Le 2e"6 99 +e USE Rlos condor 20 10: 73 Any single volume from 1850 to 1877 half-price to Members. First Series, vol. v., is out of print. The other volumes may be obtained separately, also the following :— Pascoe’s Longicornia Malayana .......... 212 0 PAGO Baly’s Phytophaga Malayana, Pt. 1, Aposta- SIs ehoapoDuoejoao sn GooGaCoudE oC 016 0 012 0 Saunders’ ‘ British Heterogyna and Fossorial METOsMNENODICT.O aan teios lake er teleisioiscteiiete tare 0 4 6 0 3 4 Saunders’ ‘ Synopsis of British Hymenoptera,’ 12 AIS. Sie crscn ten aoe ty Cnet oO 6-0 0 4 6 Newport’s ‘ Athalia centifolie’ (Prize Essay) O° 7/0 o-1° The JournaL oF PRocrEpinGs is bound up with the Transactions, but may be obtained separately, by Members, gratis ; by the Public, price Sixpence per Sheet (16 pp.). Members and Subscribers resident more than fifteen miles from London, who haye paid their Subscription for the current year, are entitled to receive the Transactions for the year without further payment, and they will be forwarded free, by post, to any address within the United Kingdom. Members and Subscribers resident in, or within fifteen miles of, London are entitled to a copy of the Transactions for the current year at half the price to the public, which copy may be obtained on application to the Librarian ; or all such Members or Subscribers who, in addition to their Subscription for the current year, shall, at or before the April Meeting of the Society, pay a further contribution of Half-a-Guinea, shall be entitled to receive a copy of the Transactions for the year without further pay- ment, which copy will be forwarded free by post. CONTENTS. —_——_—_. PAGE Explanation of the Plates we ae Se ere te ~» Vili Errata .. f a 6 Se xs oe Nc eS vu List of Gyn DEES. ae ee eve bd ae ae a Seon ix Additions to the Library A! ais ae ae se SQ esau MEMOIRS. PAGE I. Descriptions of three new genera and species of fig-insects allied to Blastophaga from Calcutta, Australia, and Mada- gascar; with notes on their parasites and on the affinities of the pe aroere races. By Sir Srpney S. ri C.M.G ae : ac : ae 1 IJ. Further depen of insects infesting figs. ay J. 0. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &e. ove Sr 29 III. Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected in Chili by Thoms Edmonds, Esq. By Artuur G. Butuer, F.LS., F.Z.S... 49 IY. Revision of the species included in the genus Tropisternus (fam. Hydrophilide). By D. SHarp. as 35 ot mol VY. On the classification of some families of the Tineina. By K. Meyrick, B.A. ss ae a3 < on tf =b19 VI. Notes on three Paussi. By Lovis P&RINGUEY. .. Loe se VII. Further additions to Mr. Marshall’s Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. By Joun B. Bripeman, F.L.S. .. oo dake VIII. Remarks on a small collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera from Borneo, with descriptions of new species. By A. SIDNEY OLLIFF. ae .e oF ae ae eats IX. Descriptions of new genera and species of Fiiondiciee, By P. Cammron. es Ha a we 3 re LST X. Notes on new or little-known species of iN cele aa chiefly from New Zealand. By W. F. Kirsy. .. 199 XI. Supplement to the Geodephagous Coleoptera of jae chiefly from the collection of Mr. George Lewis, made during his second visit, from February, 1880, to September, 1881. By H. W. Bates, F.R.S., F.LS. .. AC Scie 20D XII. Revision of the Pselaphide of Japan. By D. SHarp. SUA O1 XIIT. On the Lucanide of Japan. By GrorcEe Lewis. .. .. 333 XIV. On Ogyris oul algae Hewitson, and its eae: By W. iH. Misxin . ac aye : : ae .. 343 XV. Descriptions of see new species of South. African Lepi- doptera-Rhopalocera. By Rotanp Trimen,F.R.S., &e. .. 347 XVI. Descriptions of sixteen new species of parasitic Cynipide, chiefly from Scotland. By P. CamERon, ., oe »» 865 Vlil MEMOIRS (continued). XVII. Further notice concerning the fig-insects of Cones BY J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &c. ae 375 XVIII. On the Cynips Carice of Faaccuasiet al other fig. insects allied thereto; with description of a new species from Australia. By Sir Stpnry SaunpsrRs, C.M.G. ac a0. 080 XIX. Revision of the genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera of the Japanese fauna. By Rev. H. 8. Gorwam, F.Z.S. 393 XX. First Report on the Rhynchota collected in J abe “i Mr. George Lewis. By W. L. Distant. 413 XXI. Aligognathus Waterhousei, a new genus a species of Dorcide from Peru. By Dr. Franz LEUTHNER. .. .. 445 XXII. Description of a new species of Eurytrachelus (Coleoptera, Dorcide). By Cuas.O. WATERHOUSE. .. we a0 Proceedings for 1883 ob se a0 ate as i Index .. oe se a os ee He Sr at Bye Laws ae oe ae ie 3 we ae i EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Plates I.—III. .. See pages 26,27, Plate XV... .. .. See page 345 Plates [V.—X. .. 5 45—47 | Plate XVI. ask ea PS 381 Plate ule =i aet-o sy psee page 90:)/sPlate X Ville == a.c eee. 3 411 Plate XII... See pages 210—213 | Plate XVIII. .. .. + 392 Plate XIII... .. .. Seepage 290 | Plates XIX.,XX. .. at 443 Plate exude ret tare ae » 342 | Plate XXI. ey) Bars 54 448 ERRATA. Page 9, line 7, “‘ tarsis ” omitted before “ 5-articulatis.” [Pages 30, 34, and 35. The notes and descriptions of Sycoscapter are applicable only to the male sex, incomplete specimens of which were mistaken for females; hence the observation relative to Dr. P. Mayer’s Ichneumon ficarius, female, is incorrect, as stated in my subsequent paper, p. 376. To avoid further confusion it will be advisable to separate the species with Idarnella-like females (C. carice, jicarius, 4-setosa, and aterrima), but with subapterous males, under a different generic name, for which that of Idarnodes may be used.—J. O. W.] Page 11, last line, and p. 20, 1.3 and 1. 9, for “ Prionastomata ” read “ Prionostomata,” and for ‘ Aploastomata” read “ Haplostomata.” Page 330, line 13, for “‘2nd” read “1st.” Page 376, line 20, for ‘‘joints” read “ points.” Page xvii, line 24, for ‘‘ forms” read ‘‘ forces.” Hist of. Atlembers OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 3ist DECEMBER, 1883. LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Honorary Wembers. Burmeister, Hermann, Buenos Ayres. Hagen, H. A., Cambridge, U.S.A. Milne-Edwards, H., Paris. Saussure, H. de, Geneva. Schiddte, J. C., Copenhagen. Selys-Longchamps, E. de, Liége. Siebold, C. T. E. von, Mwnich. Signoret, Victor, Paris. ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. Date ot Election. 1877 1877 1880 1867 S. 1856 1883 ae 1850 1865 1861 1851 + 1882 1882 1880 1879 * 1881 S§. 1841 1860 1875 1876 1852 + 1867 1880 1880 S. 1877 1870 1879 1878 1862 1883 1855 Marked * are Original Members. Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions. Marked S. are Annual Subscribers. Adams, Frederick Charlstrom, 20 Old Bond-street, W. Adams, Herbert Jordan, Roseneath, London-rd., Enfield, N. André, Ed., M.S.E. de France, Berlin, Stettin, &., 21 Bowle- vard Brétonniere, Beaune (Cote d Or), France. Archer, F., Little Crosby-road, Crosby, Liverpool. Armitage, Edward, R.A., 3 Hall-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W. Attye, Robert Jervoise, Ingow Grange, Stratford-on-Avon. Babington, Charles Cardale, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &., Pro- fessor of Botany, 5 Brookside, Cambridge. Baly, Joseph S., M.R.C.S., F.L.S., The Butts, Warwick. Barton, Stephen, 32 St. Michael’s-hill, Bristol. Bates, Henry Walter, F.R.S., F.L.S., &¢., 11 Carleton-road, Tufnell Park, N. Beaumont, Alfred, Low Valley Field, Culross, N.B. Berg, Carl, Museo Publico, Buenos Ayres. Bergroth, Dr. Evald, 11 Robertsgatan, Helsingfors, Finland. Bignell, Geo. Carter, 7 Clarence-place, Stonehouse, Plymouth. Billups, T.R., 20 Swiss Villas, Coplestone-road, Peckham, S.E. Blomefield, Rev. Leonard, M.A., F.L.S., &.,19 Belmont, Bath. Bloomfield, Rev. E. N., M.A., Guestling Rectory, Hastings. Bond, Fred., F.Z.8., 5 Fairfield Avenue, Staines. Bonvouloir, Comte Henri de, 15 Rue del Université, Paris. Borrer, William, junr., Parklands, Keymer, Hurstpierpoint, Sussex. Boscher, Edward, Bellevue House, Twickenham. Boyd, Thomas, Surrey Lodge, Hornend-road, Norwood, 8.E. Boyd, William Christopher, Cheshunt, Herts. Brandt, Dr. Edouard, Pres. Russ. Ent. Soc., &¢., Imperial Medico-Chirurgical College, St. Petersburg. Bridgman, John B., F.L.S., 69 St. Giles’-street, Norwich. Briggs, Charles Adolphus, 55 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C. Briggs, Thos. Henry, M.A., 55 Lincoln’s Inn Fields, W.C. Brongniart, Charles, M.S.E. et M.S.G. de France, &c., Muséum Whistoire Natwrelle de Paris, 57 Rue Cwier, Jardin des Plantes. Broun, Capt. Thomas, Kawau, Auckland, New Zealand. Browne, Rev. Thomas Henry, M.A., F.G.S., The Cedars, High Wycombe, Bucks. Buckton, George Bowdler, F.R.S., &c., Weycombe, Haslemere, Surrey. Burnell, Edward Henry, 82 Bedford-row, W.C. 1868 + Butler, Arthur Gardiner, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 10 Avington-grove, Penge, 8.E. xil 1883 1878 1860 1880 1877 1877 1868 1877 1871 1871 1867 1865 1874 1873 1873 1880 1876 1883 1880 1853 1867 1880 1883 1868 1873 1837 1875 1875 1855 1873 1874 1876 1874 1867 1849 1874 1865 1883 1865 1881 1878 1869 1876 LIST OF MEMBERS. Butler, Edward Albert, B.A., B.Se.,7 Turle Road, Tollington Park, N. . Cameron, Peter, 31 Willow-bank-crescent, Glasgow. Candeze, Dr. E., Glain, Liége. Cansdale, W. D., 6 Whittington-terrace, London-road, Forest Hill, 8.H. . Capron, Edward, M.D., Shere, Guildford. . Carmichael, T. D. Gibson, F.L.S., Castle Craig, Peebles, N.B. Carrington, Charles, Ellerslie, Lower Merton, 8.W. Carrington, John T., F.L.8., Royal Aquarium, Westminster, S.W. Champion, G. C., 274 Walworth-road, 8.E. Charlton, Ernest S., Hesleyside, Bellingham, Hexham. Clarke, Alexander Henry,109 Warwick-road, Earls Court, S.W. . Clarke, C. Baron, M.A., F.R.S., &., Royal Herbarium, Kew. Cockle, Capt. George, 9 Bolton-gardens, S.W. . Cole, Benjamin G., Lawrel Cottage, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. Cole, William, Lawrel Cottage, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. Copland, Patrick F., Hillcote, Buckhurst Hill, Essex. + Copperthwaite, William Charles, Beech-grove, Malton. Coverdale, George. 24, Fleming-road, Lorrimore-square, 8.H. . Cowell, Peter (Librarian of the Free Public Library), William Brown-street, Liverpool. Cox, Colonel C. J., Fordwich House, Canterbury. Cox, Herbert Edward. Crisp, Frank, LL.B., B.A., F.L.S., Sec. R.M.S., 5 Lansdowne- road, Notting Hill, W. Crowley, Philip, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Waddon House, Croydon. Curzon, E. P. Roper. Dale, C. W., Glanville’s Wootton, Sherborne. Devonshire, William Cavendish, Duke of, K.G., F.R.S., &c., Devonshire House, 78 Piccadilly, W. . Dickson, Prof. Wm. (Curator, University Library), Glasgow. Distant, William Lucas, M.A.I., 1 Selston Villas, Derwent- grove, Hast Dulwich, 8.E. Dohrn, Dr. C. A. (Pres. Entomological Soc. of Stettin), Stettin. Doria, Marquis Giacomo, Strada Nuova, Genoa. . Dormer, John Baptist Joseph Dormer, Lord, Grove Park, Warwick. Douglas, John William, 8 Beaufort-gardens, Lewisham, 8.E. Dowsett, Arthur, 54, Russell-street, Reading. Druce, Herbert, F.L.S., F.Z.S., 1 Circus-road, St. John’s Wood, N.W. Dunning, Joseph Wm., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., PResmpEnt, 12 Old-square, Lincoln’s Inn, W.C. Du Pré, Charles Christian, F.L.8., 17 Pembroke-gardens, Kensington, W. D’ Urban, W.S. M., F.L.S., Albwera, St. Leonards, Exeter. Durrant, John Hartley, Bancroft House, Hitchin, Herts. Eaton, Rev. Alfred Edwin, M.A. . Edwards, James, Swrrey Cottage, Rupert-street, Norwich. Elwes, Hy. John, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Preston House, Cirencester. Emich, Gustave d’, 6 Sebastian-place, Budapesth, Hungary. . Enock, Fred., Ferndale, Bath-road, Woking Station, Surrey. 1881 1878 1874 1874 1865 1883 1881 1880 1870 1883 1869 1855 1876 1865 1875 1855 1874 1879 1865 1846 1877 1874 1858 1879 1881 1883 1876 1869 1883 1876 1865 1880 1843 1869 1853 1872 1865 1876 1876 1872 1861 1876 - 1842 LIST OF MEMBERS. Xill Fereday, R. W., Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand. . Finzi, John A., 105 Gower-street, W.C. Fitch, Edward A., F.L.S., Secretary, Brick House, Maldon, Hssex. . Fitch, Frederick, Hadleigh House, Highbury New Park, N. Fletcher, J. E., Happy Land, Worcester. Fletcher, W. H. B., M.A., 6 The Steyne, Worthing, Sussex. Foran, Chas., Marshfield House, Terminus-rd., Eastbourne. Fowler, Rev. W. W., M.A., F.L.8., The School House, Lincoln. Freeland, H. W., M.A., Chichester. Freeman, Francis Ford, 8 Leigham-terrace, Plymouth. French, Rev. David John, F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.H.S., &e. Fry, Alexander, F.L.S., Thornhill House, Dulwich Wood Park, Norwood, 8.E. ; Fryer, Herbert Fortescue, Chatteris, Cambridgeshire. Godman, Frederick DuCane, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.8, &., Park Hatch, Godalming; and 10 Chandos-street, Cavendish- square, W. . Gooch, W. D., F.L.S., The Sanctuary, Westminster, 5.W. Gorham, Rev. Henry Stephen .F.Z.8., Shipley, Sussex. Goss, Herbert, F.L.S., F.G.S., Almora, Berrylands, Swr- biton Hill, S.W. Gosse, Philip Hy., F.R.S., Sandhurst, Torquay, Devonshire. Greene, Rev. J., M.A., Rostrevor, Apsley-rd., Clifton, Bristol. Grut, Ferdinand, F.L.S., Liprartan, 9 Newcomen-street, Southwark, S.E. Harding, George, The Grove, Fishponds, Bristol. Harford, Henry C., Lieut. 99th Regt., Cape of Good Hope. Harold, Baron Edgar von, 52 Barerstrasse, Munich. . Harris, John T., Newton-road, Burton-on-Trent. Henry, George, 38 Wellington-square, Hastings. Hill, Lewis Fredk., 3 Edwardes-terrace, Kensington, W. Hillman, Thomas Stanton, Hastgate-street, Lewes. Holdsworth, Edward, Shanghai. . Horner, A. C., Tonbridge, Kent. Horniman, Frederick John, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., F.Z.8S., &e., Surrey House, Forest Hill, 8.E. Hudd, A. E., 94 Pembroke-road, Clifton, Bristol. Inchbald, Peter, F.L.S., F.Z.8., Fulwith Grange, Harrogate, Yorks. Janson, Edward W., 32 Victoria-road, Finsbury Park, N.; and 385 Little Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C. Janson, Oliver E., 382 Victoria-road, Finsbury Park, N.; and 85 Little Russell-street, Bloomsbury, W.C. Jekel, Henri, 62 Rue de Dunkerque, Paris. . Jenner, J. H. A., 4 Hast-street, Lewes. . John, Evan, Llantrissant, Pontypridd. Katter, Dr. F., Putbus, Rigen, North Prussia. Kay, John Dunning, Leeds. Kaye, Ernest St. G., Jessore, Bengal. Kirby, W. F., Secretary, 5 Union-road, Tufnell Park, N. Kraatz, Dr. G. (President of the German Entomological Society), Link-strasse, Berlin. Kuper, Rev. Chas. Augustus Frederick, M.A., The Vicarage, Trelleck, Chepstow, Xiv 1875 1868 1880 1883 1868 1876 1876 1835 1875 1865 1881 1849 1850 1850 1880 1851 1858 1869 1865 1856 1874 1865 1860 1872 1880 1883 1871 1879 1853 1869 1876 1872 1878 1882 1878 1869 1877 1883 1873 1881 1878 LIST OF MEMBERS. Lamarche, Oscar, 70 Rue Lowvrex, Liége.. Lang, Lieut.-Col. A. M., R.E., Simla, India. Lang, Henry Charles, M.D., F.L.S., 41 Berners-st., Oxford- street, W. Lemann, Frederick Charles, Blackfriars House, Plymouth. Lendy, Major Augustus F., F.L.8., F.G.8., Sunbury House, Sunbury, 8.W. Lewis, George, F.L.8., 101 Sandgate-road, Folkestone. Lichtenstein, Jules, La Lironde, near Montpellier. Lingwood, Robert Maulkin, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.8., 6 Park Villas, Cheltenham. Livingstone, Clermont, Hast Lodge, Forest Rise, Waltham- stow, Essex. Llewelyn, J. Talbot Dillwyn, M.A., F.L.8., Ynisgerwn, Neath. Lloyd, Alfred, F.C.S., The Dome House, Upper Bognor, Sussex. Logan, R. F., Spylaw House, Colinton, near Edinburgh. . Lowe, W. H., M.D., Woodcote Lodge, Inner Park-road, Wimbledon Park, 8.W. Lubbock, Sir John, Bart., D.C.L., M.P., F.R.S., Pres.L.S., F.G.8., &¢., High Elms, Farnborough, Kent. Lupton, Henry, 32 Clarendon-road, Leeds. M‘Intosh, J. M‘Lachlan, Robert, F.R.S., F.L.8., Westview, Clarendon- road, Lewisham, 8.E. Marseul, L’Abbe 8. A. de, 271 Boulevard Pereire, Paris. Marshall, Rev. Thos. Ansell, M.A. Marshall, William, Elm Lodge, Clay Hill, Enfield. Mason, Philip Brooke, M.R.C.S., F.L.S., Burton-on-Trent. Mathew, Gervase F., R.N., F.L.S., F.Z.8S., F.R.G.8., Instow, North Devon. May, John William, K.N.L., Arwndel House, Percy Cross, Fulham-road, 8.W. Meldola, Raphael, F.R.A.S., F.C.S., 21 John-st., Bedford, row, W.C. Meyrick, Edward, Ramsbury, Hungerford, Wilts. Miles, W. H., 83 Paris-street, Palace-road, Lambeth, 8.E. . Miskin, W. H., Brisbane, Queensland. Monteiro, Senor Antonio Augusto de Carvatho, 72 Rua do Alecrion, Lisbon. Moore, Frederic, F.Z.8., A.L.8., 110 Oakfield-rd., Penge, S.E. Miller, Albert, F.R.G.S., 1954 Junkerstrasse, Berne, Switzer- land. Miller, Dr. Clemens. Murray, Lieut. H., 70th Brigade Depot, Tralee, Ireland. Newman, Thomas P., 54 Hatton Garden, E.C. Niceville, Lionel de, Indian Museum, Calcutta. Nottidge, Thomas, Ashford, Kent. Oberthiir, Charles (fils), Rennes. Oberthiir, René, Rennes. Oldfield, George W., M.A., 48 Beawmont-street, Devonshire- place, W. Olivier, Ernest, Ramillons, pres Moulins (Allier), France. . Olliff, A. 8., 36 Mornington-road, Regent’s Park, N.W. Ormerod, Miss Eleanor A., F.M.S., Dunster Lodge, Spring- grove, Isleworth, W. LIST OF MEMBERS. XV Ormerod, Miss Georgiana, Dunster Lodge, Spring-grove, Isleworth. W. Osten-Sacken, Baron C. R., Wredeplatz, Heidelberg. Owen, Sir Richard, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., M.D., F.R.S., &c., Sheen Lodge, Mortlake, S.W. Parry, Major Frederick John Sidney, F.L.S., 18 Onslow- square, 8.W. Pascoe, Francis P., F.L.8., 1 Burlington-road, Westbourne Park, W. Peringuey, Louis, Rondebosch, Cape Colony. Perkins, Vincent Robt., Wotton-wnder-Hdge, Gloucestershire. Phipson, Arthur, 3 Gray’s Inn-square, W.C. Pim, H. Bedford, Leaside, Kingswood-road, Upper Nor- wood, 8.E. Porritt, George T., F.L.8., Greenfield House, Huddersfield. Preston, Rev. Thomas Arthur, M.A., F.L.S., The Green, Marlborough, Wilts. Preudhomme de Borre, Alfred (Sec., Ent. Soc. of Belgium), 19 Rue de Dublin, Ixelles, near Brussels. Price, David, 48 West-street, Horsham, Sussex. . Pryer, H. J. 8., Yokohama, Japan. Puls, J. C., Place de la Calandre, Ghent. Ramsden, Hildebrand, M.A., F.L.S., 26 Upper Bedford-place, Russell-square, W.C. . Ransom, Wm. Hy., M.D.,F.R.S., The Pavement, Nottingham. Reed, Edwyn C., F.L.8., Calle Collegia, Valparaiso, Chili. Riley, C. V., State Entomologist, United States Entomological Commission, Washington. Ripon, George Frederick Samuel Robinson, Marquis of, K.G., E.R.S., F.L.S., &e., 1 Carlton-gardens, 8.W. Robinson, Frank Edward, Madura, South India. Robinson-Douglas, William Douglas, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., Orchardton, Castle Douglas, N.B. . Rothera, G. B., High-street Place, Nottingham. Rothney, G. A. J., Calcutta. Rye, Edward Caldwell, F.Z.8., Somerset Villa, Upper Rich- mond-road, Putney, S.W. Rylands, Thomas Glazebrook, F.L.S., F.G.S., Highfields, Thelwall, Warrington. Salle, Auguste, 138 Rue Guy de la Brosse, Paris. Salvin, Osbert, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., 10 Chandos-street, Cavendish-sq., W.; aud Hawksfold, Fernhurst, Hasle- mere. Saunders, Edward, F.L.8., Treasurer, St. Ann’s, Mason's Hill, Bromley, Kent. Saunders, G. 8., St. Stephens, Canterbury, Kent. Saunders, Sir Sidney Smith, C.M.G., Gatestone, Central Hill, Upper Norwood, 8.H. Schaufuss, L. W., Ph.D., M.Imp.L.C.Acad., &¢., Dresden. Scollick, A. J., Albion Lodge, Putney, S.W. Scott, Sir Arthur, Bart., F.L.S., 97 Haton-square, S.W.; and Great Barr Hall, Birmingham. Sealy, Alfred Forbes, Cochin, South India. Semper, George, Altona. Sharp, David, M.B., Eecles, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire. 1869 1845 1876 * 1882 1868 1865 1882 1874 1881 1874 1862 —s LIST OF MEMBERS. Shaw, A. Eland, 13 Lanhill-road, Paddington, W. Shelley, Capt. George E., 13 Rutland Gate, W. Shepherd, Edwin. Sidebotham, Joseph, F.L.S., F.R.A.S., F.S.A., Hrlesdene, Bowdon, Cheshire. Slater, John Wm., 36 Wray-crescent, Tollington Park, N. Smith, Frederick W., Hollywood House, Dartmouth Point, Blackheath, Kent. Smith, Henley Grose, 20 Finsbury Circus, E.C. Spence, William Blundell, Florence. Stainton, Henry Tibbats, F.R.S., F.L.8., F.G.S., &e., Mountsfield, Lewisham, 8.E. Stevens, John §., 88 King-street, Covent Garden, W.C. Stevens, Samuel, F.L.S., Loanda, Beulah Hill, Upper Norwood, 8.H. Swanzy, Francis, Stanley House, Granville-road, Sevenoaks. Swinton, A.H., Binfield House, Waterden-road, Guildford. Thomson, Jas., 12 Rue de Presbowrg, Place del Etoile, Paris. Todd, Richard, 5 Princes-terrace, Bayswater, W. Trimen, Roland, F.R.S., F.L.S. (Curator of South African Museum), Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope. Vaughan, Howard, 11 Ospringe-road, Brecknock-road, N.W. Verrall, G. H., Sussex Lodge, Newmarket. Wakefield, Charles Marcus, F.L.S., Belmont, Uxbridge. Walker, Rev. Francis Augustus, D.D., F.L.S., 33 Bassett-road, Notting Hill, W. . Walker, J.J., R.N., 12 Ranelagh-rd., Marine Town, Sheerness. Wallace, Alfred Russel, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &¢., Nutwood Cottage, Frith Hill, Godalming. Walsingham, Thomas de Grey, Lord, M.A., F.L.8., F.Z.S., &c., Haton House, Eaton-square, S.W. Ward, Christopher, F.L.S., Savile-road, Halifax. Waterhouse, Charles O., British Musewm, Cromwell-road, S.W. Waterhouse, George R., F.Z.8., &c., Curton Lodge, Disraeli- road, Putney, 8.W. Websdale, C. G., 78 High-street, Barnstaple. Weir, John Jenner, F.L.S., Chirbury, Beckenham, Kent. Western, E. Young, 27 Craven Hill Gardens, Bayswater, W. Westwood, John Obadiah, M.A., F.L.S., &., Honorary Lire PRESIDENT, 67 Woodstock-road, Oxford. Weymer, Gustav, 58° Kleeblattstrasse, Elberfeld, Rhenish Prussia. White, F. Buchanan, M.D., F.L.8., Annat Lodge, Perth, N.B. White, Rev. W. Farren, Stonehouse Vicarage, Gloucestershire, Williams, W. J., Zoological Society, Hanover-square, W. Wilson, Owen, Cwmffrwd, Carmarthen. Wood, Theodore, 5 Selwyn-terrace, Jasper-road, Upper Norwood, 8.E. Wood-Mason, James, F.G.S., F.L.S. (Curator of the Indian Museum), Calcutta. Wormald, Percy C., 10 Cromwell-avenue, Highgate, N. 1865 §. Young, Morris, Free Musewm, Paisley. ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY DURING THE YEAR 1883. Abeille (L’). Journal d’Entomologie, redigé par 8. A. de Marseul. Nos. 264, 266—270, 273—275. The Editor. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series I.—IV., 80 vols. Series V., 12 vols. ; complete to December, 1883; 92 vols. 8vo. The President, J. W. Dunning. Arxinson (E.T.) Notes on the Zoology of the N. W. P., India. Part 2. 1882. The Author. Bee-keeping in India. A Collection of Papers on, 1883. Sec. of State for India. Bere (Carl). Analecta Lepidopterologica. 8vo. Buenos Aires, 1882. ‘ The Author. Doce Heterdémeros Nuevos de la Fauna Argentina. 8yo. Buenos Aires, 1883. The Author. Miscellanea Lepidopterologica. 8vo. Buenos Aires, 1883. The Author. Die Gattung Tolype, Hb. ihre Synonyme und Arten. The Author. Berrxau (Dr. Philipp). Bericht iiber die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im Gebiete der Entomologie wihrend des Jahres 1882. 8vo. Berlin, 1882. The Author. Braver (Dr. Friedrich). Offenes Schreiben als antwort auf Herrn Baron Osten-Sacken’s ‘ Critical Review’ meiner Arbeit iiber die Nota- canthen. 8vo. Wien, 1883. The Author. BurMEIstER (Hermann). Anales del Museo Publico de Buenos Aires. Entrega Trecena. The Author. Canadian Entomologist (The). Edited by William Saunders. Vol. XIV., Nos. 10—12; and Vol. XV., Nos. 1—3, and 5—9. 8vo. London (Ontario), 1882—83. The Editor. Cuavporr (Baron Maximilien de). Matériaux pour servir 4 l'étude des Féroniens. A. Sallé. Monographie des Lebiides. A. Sallé. Observations sur quelques genres de Carabiques avec la description d’éspeces nouvelles. A. Sallé. Description de nouvelles espéces de Carabiques du genre Pasimachus. A, Sallé. c (> xvi -) Cuauporr (Baron M. de), continued—Reévision des genres Onychopterygia, Dicranoncus, et Colpodes. A. Sallé. Essai monographique sur le genre Cymindis. A. Sallé. Synonymische Bemerkungen. A, Sallé. Note sur quelques espéces de Carabes plats du Caucase. A. Sallé. Genres nouveaux et espéces nouvelles de Coléoptéres de la famille des Carabiques. F. Grut. Tableau d’une nouvelle subdivision du genre Feronia, Dej., suivi d’une charactéristique de trois nouveaux genres de Carabiques. . Grut. Description d’espéces nouvelles de Carabiques et de la tribu des Troncatipennes. A, Sallé. Description de genres nouveaux et d’espéces inédites de la famille des Carabiques. A. Sallé. Genres nouveaux et espéces inédites de la famille des Carabiques (Troncatipennes). A. Sallé. Monographie des Siagonides. A. Sallé. Genres aberrants du Groupe des Cymindides. A. Sallé. Enumération des Cicindélétes et Carabiques recueillis par M. A. Raffray dans les iles de Zanzibar, &c. A. Sallé. Catalogue des Cicindélétes et des Carabiques recueillis par M. A. Raffray en Abyssinie. A. Sallé. Supplément a l’essai sur les Feroniens de l’Australie publié dans le Bulletin des Naturalistes de Moscou. A, Sallé. Les Harpaliens de l’Australie d’aprés la collection de M. le Comte de Castelnau et la mienne. A. Sallé. Monographie des Chléniens. : A. Sallé. Monographie des Scaritides. Parties 1 et 2. A. Sallé. Monographie des Callidides. A. Sallé. Essai monographique sur le Groupe des Pogonides. 4. Sallé. Notes et Additions au Mémoire de M. Reed sur les Carabiques du Chili. 1lére partie. A. Sallé. Monographie des Brachynides. A. Sallé. Monographie des Oodides. Parties 1 et 2 (posthume), redigé par A. Sallé. A. Sallé. Cistula Entomologica. Pars XXVII. Purchased. Distant (W. L.) Rhopalocera Malayana. PartsIV.& V. Purchased. Doxtrovrorr (Wladimir). Revue Mensuelle d’Entomologie redigée par W. D 8vo. St. Petersburg, 1883. The Editor. Dyrr (W. T. Thiselton). Report of the International Phylloxera Congress of Bordeaux at the Congress of the Governments of N.S. Wales, S. Australia, and Victoria. The Directors of the Royal Gardens, Kew. Entomologist (The). 8vo. London, 1883. T. P. Newman. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine (The). 8vo. London, 1883. The Editors. ( =x ) Ericuson (W. F.) &c. Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Coleop- tera. 6 Band. Purchased. Hacen (Dr. H. A.) Contributions from the Northern Transcontinental Sur- vey. The Genus Colias. 1882. The Author. Horn (George H.), M.D. Revision of the Species of some genera of Buprestide. The Author. Synopsis of the Species of the Tribe Lebiini. The Author. Jacoss (Dr.) On the presence of Gistridean and Muscidean Larve in the Human Body. Translated, with References and Remarks, by Professor Cobbold, M.D. The Translator. Journal of Science. Nos. 109—120. The Editor. Kirpy (W. F.) On a Small Collection of Hymenoptera and Di Timor Laut Isla LasounBene (A.) et P. Mzanry. Mémoire sur les Argas de Perse. The Authors. Lane (Henry C.), M.D. The Butterflies of Europe. Parts XI.—XYV. The Author. LeConte (John L.) and G. H. Horn, M.D. Classification of the Coleoptera. The Smithsonian Institution. LicHTENSTEIN (Jules). De V'Evolution Biologique des Pucerons en général et du Phylloxera. 1883. The Author. Lettre 4 M. le Directeur de Messager Agricole. 1883. (Le Puceron), The Author. LintNER (J. A.) First Annual Report of the Injurious and other Insects of the State of New York. The Author. Lussock (Sir John), Bart. On the sense of Colour among some of the Lower Animals. Part 2. 1883. The Author. Observations on Ants, Bees, and Wasps. Part1. The Author. McLacutan (Robert). Remarks on certain Psocide, chiefly British. 1883. The Author. Neuroptera of the Hawaiian Islands. 1883. The Author. Two new species of Anax, with Notes on the Dragon-flies of the same genus. 1883. The Author. Madras. Administration of the Government Central Museum of Madras for the year 1882—3. Madras Government. Mavricx (Charles). Les Insectes Fossiles spécialement d’aprés les travaux dc Samuel Scudder. Lille, 1882. The Author. Maver (Paul). Zoologischer Jahresbericht fiir 1881. Leipzig. The Author. Méenrn (Pierre). Mémoire sur les Cheylitides Parasites. The Author. De la Caducité des Crochets et du Scolex lui-méme chez les Ténias. The Author. Note sur le Développement du Tricuspidaria nodulosa, Rud., ou Trienophorus nodulosus, Rud. The Author. Sur une nouvelle forme de Ver vésiculaire, The Author, ( xx ) / . . . . Meenrn (Pierre), continued—Les Acariens Parasites du Tissu cellulaire et des Réservoirs Aériens chez les Oiseaux. The Author. Anchylostomes et Dochmies. The Author. Sur de petits Helminthes Agames Enkystés qui peuvent étre con- fondus et qui l’ont été avec la Trichina spiralis. Owen. The Author. On the Gapes Disease in Gallinaceous Birds, and on the Parasite which causes the Disease (Syngamus trachealis, Siebold), the Red Worm of Gamekeepers. [Prize Essay.] Lord Walsingham. Mexpora (Raphael). Darwin and Modern Evolution. The Author. Moors (Frederic). The Lepidoptera of Ceylon. Parts 6 & 7. The Ceylon Government. Natural History of Hastings and St. Leonards. E. A. Butler. Naturalist (The). See ‘ SocreTres (HUDDERSFIELD).” Nature. Nos. 684—735. The Publishers. Norton (Edward). Catalogue of the Tenthredinide and Uroceride of North America. 1867—69. E. C. Rye. Ormerop (Eleanor A.) Report of Observations of Injurious Insects during the year 1882; with Methods of Prevention and Remedy, and Special Report on Wireworm. The Author. Orveta (Domingo de), Luis Herepra, &c. La Phylloxera vastatrix en la Provincia de Malaga. Malaga, 1882. The Author. Owen (Professor). Aspects of the Body in Vertebrata and Invertebrata. The Author. Packarp (A. 8.), jun., M.D. On the Genealogy of Insects. The Author. Note on a Peripatus from the Isthmus of Panama. The Author. The Coxal Glands of Arachnida and Crustacea. The Author. On the Classification of the Linnean Orders of Orthoptera and - Neuroptera. The Author. PREUDHOMME DE Borre (A.) Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province de Namur. Coléoptéres- 2éme Centurie. The Author. Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province du Brabant. Coléoptéres. 3éme Centurie. The Author. Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province de Liége. Coléoptéres. 3éme Centurie. The Author. Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province de Lim- bourg. Coléoptéres. 2éme Centurie. The Author. Matériaux pour la Faune Entomologique de la Province de Luxem- bourg (Belge). Coleoptéres. The Author, Liste des Mantides du Musée Royale d’histoire naturelle de Belgique. The Author. Purtsrys (Jules). Notice Necrologique sur J. P., par A. Preadhomme de Borre. The Author. ( (xxi _) Riney (Charles V.) Report of the Entomologist for the Fiscal Year, 1882. The Author. General Notes on Entomology. The Author. SauuBerG (John). Bidrag till det Nordenfjeldske Norges Insektfauna. 1880. The Author. Sars (G. 0.) Carcinologiska Bidrag til Norges Fauna. I. Monographi over de ved Norges Kyster forekommende Mysider. Tredie Hefte. The Author. Scunerper (J. Sparre). Bidrag til Kundskaben om Norges Lepidopterfauna. The Author. Oversigt over dei Nedenaes amt bemerkede Lepidoptera. 1882. The Author. En Notits om Sélvkveiten (Trachypterus arcticus). 1882. The Author. Entomologiska Underségelser i Sondre Bergenhus Amt. The Author. ScHoyen (W. M.) Om nogle for Norges og tildels ogsaa for Skandinaviens Fauna nye Lepidoptera. 1881. The Author. Bemerkninger til H. Siebke’s Enumeratio Insectorum Norvyegicorum. Fasc. V., Pars. 1. (Hymenoptera Phytophaga et Aculeata), edidit J. Sparre Schneider. The Author. ScuppEr (Samuel). The Carboniferous Hexapod Insects of Great Britain. The Author. The Tertiary Lake Basin at Florissant, Colorado. The Author. The Pine Moth of Nantucket (Retinia frustrana). The Author. Older Fossil Insects of the Mississippi. The Author. Senys-Lonecuampes (E. de). Sur la Distribution des Insectes Odonates en Afrique. The Author. Synopsis des Hischnines. lére partie. 1883. The Author. Les Odonates du Japon. 1883. The Author. Note sur le genre Gomphomacromia, Brauer. The Author. Snarp (David) A Memoir on Aquatic Carnivorous Coleoptera or Dytiscida. 4to. Dublin, 1883. The Royal Dublin Society. Sresxe (H.) Enumeratio Insectorum Norvegicorum. Fasc. V. Catalogum Hymenopterorum continentem. Auctore H. Siebke defuncto fedidit J. Sparre Schneider). The Editor. ania (V.) Groupe des Cydnides. Parties 7—10. The Author. Societies (Transactions of Learned) :— (ADELAIDE). Transactions and Proceedings and Report of the Royal Society of Adelaide. Vols. IV. & V. 1881—82. The Society. (Bertin) Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 27 Jahrg. 1 & 2 Heft. Dr. Kraatz. (Boston). Memoir of the Boston Society of Natural History. Parts 4 & 5. The Society. - Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Vol. XXI., Parts 2 & 3. The Society. Quarterly Journal of the Boston Zoological Society. Vol. IL, Nos. 2 & 3. The Society. (. wedi) Societies (Transactions of Learned) :— (Brinn). Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereins in Briinn. XXI Band, 1& 2 Heft. 1882. The Society. (Brussets). Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. Tome XXVI. The Society. Mémoires de l’Académie Royal des Sciences des Lettres et des Beaux Arts de Belgique. T. XLIII., 2de Partie, & T. XLIV. ; The Academy. Bulletin de l’Académie Royale. 3éme Serie. T.I.—V. 1881—83. The Academy. Annuaires de l’Académie Royale. 1882—83. The Academy. (Buckuurst Hint). Transactions of the Essex Field Club. Vol. III, lee The Club. Papers and Memorials issued by the Essex Field Club, on the Protection of Wild Animals and Plants and the condition of Epping Forest. The Club. (Buenos Ayres). Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Cordoba (Rep. Arg.) Tomo V. Entrega 3. The Academy. (Burrato). Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Science. Vol. IV. No. 3. The Society. (CampripGe, Mass., U.S.A.) Annual Report of the Museum of Com- parative Zoology at Harvard College. 1881—82. The Museum. (Care Town). Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society. Vol. II., Part 3. 1880—81. The Society. (Davenport, Iowa, U.S.A.) Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences. Vol. III., Parts 1&2. The Academy. (Geneva). Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’histoire naturelle de Genéve. T. XXVIII. 1eére partie. The Society. (Guascow). Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Glasgow. V., Parts 1 & 2. The Society. (Hacux). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. 24 Deel, Aflevering 1—4 & 26 Deel, Aflevering 1 & 2. The Society. (Huppersrietp). The Naturalist: Journal of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union. Nos. 90—101. The Union. (Leeps). The Transactions of the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union. Parts 4, 5 & 6. The Editor. (Lonpon). Proceedings of the Royal Society. Nos. 222—226. The Society. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology). Vol. II., Pt. 6. The Society. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology). Nos. 96— 101. The Society. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Nov. 1880 to June The Society. Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1882. Pt. 4, and 1883, Pts. 1—3. The Society. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. Vol. II., Pt. 6; Vol. III., Pts. 1—5. The Society. ( =zin ) Societies (Transactions of Learned) :— Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Society. Ser. II., Vol. I. Nos. 4—6. The Society. Catalogue of Books in the Library of the Quekett Microscopical Club. The Society. Report of the South London Entomological Society for the year 1882. The Society. Fifth Annual Report of the Dulwich College Science Society for 1882. The Society. (Lions). Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. Année 1882. T. XXIX. The Society. (Maprip). Boletin de la Real Academia de la Historia. Tomo IL., Guadermo 6. 1883. The Academy. (Oporto). Revista da Sociedade de Instruccao do Porto. Nos. 11 & 12 de 1882, and Nos. 1—7 de 1883. The Society. (Parts). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 1881 & 1882. The Society. (PertH). Proceedings of the Perthshire Society of Natural Science. Debus: The Society. (PutmapELPHis). Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Vols. IX. & X., No. 1. The Society. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1876—1882 & 1883, Pt. 1. The Academy. (Rio Janetro). Archivos do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. Vol. IV. (Summario) & Vol. V. The Museum. (St. Peterspure). Hore Societatis Entomologice Rossice. T. XVI. The Society. Transactions of the Russian Entomological Society. Vols. XI. & The Society. (ScHAFFHAUSEN). Mittheilungen des Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft. VI., Heft No. 7. The Society. (StEertin). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. 44 Jahrg., 4 & 9. The Society. (SypnEy). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Vol. VII., Parts 3 & 4; Vol. VIII, Part 1. The Society. Report of the Trustees of the Australian Museum of N. S. Wales. The Museum. (Toronto). Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario for 1882. The Society. General Index to the Thirteen Annual Reports of the Entomological Society of Ontario. 1870—1882. By Edmund Baynes Reed. The Society. Proceedings of the Canadian Institute of Toronto, being a Con- tinuation of the ‘‘Canadian Journal” of Science, Literature and History. Vol. I., Fasc. No. 3. 1882. The Editor. (Tovtousr). Bulletin de la Société d’histoire naturelle de Toulouse. 15—16 années. The Society. (Vienna). Verhandlungen der k. k. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien.—XXXII. Band. The Society. ( =xxiv' ) Societies (Transactions of Learned) :— Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 1 Jahrg., Heft 11—12; 2 Jahrg. Heft 1—11. Purchased. (Warwick). Proceedings of the Warwickshire Field Club. 1882. The Club. (Wasuineton). Smithsonian Report. 1881 (Arthropods.) The Institution. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. Vols. 22 to 27. The Institution. (Watrorp & Hertrorp). Transactions of the Hertfordshire Natural History Society, Vol. Il., Pts. 1—2. The Society. (WeuLINeToNn, N.Z.) Transactions and Proceedings of the N. Zealand Institute. Vols. XIV. & XV. 1881—82. The Institute. Wattty (Alfred). Silk-producing Bombyces reared in 1882. The Author. WatxeER (Rev. F. A.) L’Orient, or a Journal of my Tour in the East. The Author. WALLENGREN (H. D.J.) Ett forsék att bestiimma en del af de utaf H. Strom beskrifna Norska Insekter. 1880. The Author. WaterHouse (C. O.) and Epwin Wison. Aid to the Identification of Insects. Purchased. Westwoop (J. O.) Metabele Land and the Victoria Falls. Letters and Journals of the late Frank Oates. Appendix 4. Entomology. 1882. The Author. Description of some New Exotic Coleoptera. 1883. The Author. Two new species of the Coleopterous Genus Acanthocerus described. The Author. Wuirte (F. Buchanan), M.D. Report on the Pelagic Hemiptera of the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’ 4to. London,1883. The Author. Woop-Mason (J.) Notes on the Structure, Post-embryonic Development and Systematic position of Scolopendrella. 1883. The Author. ZootocicaL Recorp (The). Vol. XVIII. for 1881. Purchased. Zoouocist (The) for 1883. T. P. Newman. ) THE TRANSACTIONS ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LONDON FOR THE YEAR 1883. I. Descriptions of three new genera and species of fig insects allied to Blastophaga from Calcutta, Australia, and Madagascar; with notes on their parasites and on the affinities of the respective races. By Sir SipNEY S. Saunpers, C.M.G. [Read September 6th, 1882. | Puates I.—III. Somr time back Mr. Wood-Mason, on his return to India from this country, forwarded to me a small bottle con- taining about a dozen diminutive figs of Ficus Indica, which he had gathered in the Botanical Gardens at Calcutta on the 15th of May, accompanied by a glass tube wherein he had also plunged numerous minute insects which he had found in some of the same figs. Many of these figs, as he observed, had a large hole at the apex, made, as he conceived, by an obese grub, whereof specimens were also sent, one of these being found ‘‘in almost every receptacle.” Such apertures, however, are usually effected by the inmates as the ordinary means of egress; and the presence of these TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART I. (MARCH.) B 2 Sir §. 8. Saunders’ descriptions apod grubs, which could not have operated from without, would seem to be rather attributable to some later intruder haying penetrated by such orifice into the fig to deposit her ova. In many instances the winged species of the fig-insects ‘‘issued from the mouth of the recep- tacle in a cloud the moment they felt the pressure exerted in pulling off the fig,’ which explains the absence of some of the sexes; although others, in a less advanced stage of development, were arrested when in the act of emerging from the seed-vessels wherein they had been nurtured. A large number of apterous individuals of different species, among which some approximating to those fancifully designated by Walker as ‘‘a working class’ or “‘neuters ?,” pervaded the interior of these figs, many of these being more or less mutilated, and, as Mr. Wood-Mason remarks, ‘‘even the tips of the mandibles are often found bitten off.” A similar result has been noticed in the males of Sycophaga, which never quit the fig, but are found dead within before the females are ready to emerge from the seed-vessels, impregnation having apparently been effected, as in Blastophaga, while they are still retained within the pericarp, after which period the females would seem to be unapproachable by these blind rovers. One of these male Blastophage, penetrating a seed-vessel containing the female, has been recently figured by Prof. Westwood in our ‘ Transactions ’ (1882, pl. iv., fig. 31); and in the ‘ Proceedings’ of the Holmesdale Natural History Club of Reigate and Red Hill for 1880 (p. 48), presented to our Library, I have recorded some further observations thereon ; but in the Australian species, hereinafter adverted to, fecundation is not limited to this early period (vide diagnosin). The germ-feeders found in the Ficus Indica essentially differ from those of the European fauna, the serrate mandibular appendages of the female being of a more complex and elaborate character; the 11-serrate spatu- late process attached to the base of the mandibles having also a rigid exarticulate lobe laterally appended thereto and free beyond its basal attachment, extending to about three-fourths of the length of the former, furnished with seven stout elongate teeth, as shown in Plate L., figs. 10 to 18. The antenne in this sex are also very remark- able, the five terminal joints being distinctly separated from each other, the 8th to the 11th cyathiform, sur- rounded by a compact mass of recumbent sete forming of new Fig-Insects. 3 a coronated apex; the 8th joint is considerably larger than the rest, which are nearly co-equal with each other, and the conical 12th is nearly concealed within its over- lapping garniture. These large ornate joints, together with the small 5th, 6th, and 7th (the 5th being very minute) are cerulescent, the four basal joints contrasting therewith as pale yellow; of these the scape is elongate- oval, the 2nd joint longer than broad and internally curvate, the 8rd short and transverse, and the 4th pyro- jecting externally and constituting an acute elongate spine, the minute 5th joint being inserted at its imner base. (Plate I., fig. 14). The veining of the fore wing is also very peculiar, the ordinary deflexed cubitus being entirely absent on the disc, the post-costal vein diverging from the costa and terminating towards the middle of the anterior margin, but apart therefrom, in an elongate clava having a beak- shaped apex, with a hair-like prolongation traceable far in advance. The posterior margin of the wing is obliquely deflected in a straight line from the base to about the middle, beyond which it is delicately fimbriated to the apex. The disc is smooth, with a series of fine striz beyond its centre. The hind wing is subacuminate at the apex, emarginate behind at its base, with the costa and post-costal vein forming together a strong arcuate belt extending to about half the length of the basal curve, and having an oblique prolongation, less defined, up to the marginal centre where uniting with the fore wing by three hooklets. The head of the female is elongate-oval, with the usual longitudinal furrow above, and having a prominent recurvate horn at the base. (Plate I., fig. 5). The thorax is of the same width as the head and rather longer ; the fore legs are small, with the femora slightly distended, short curvate tibie, and long tarsi; the middle legs are long and slender, and the hind legs have short femora, broad at the base and narrow at the apex; the tibie are very short, narrow at the base, and broadly truncate at the apex; the tarsi very elongate ; all being five-jointed. The abdomen is about the same length and width as the head; the ovipositor slender and flexible, about twice the length of the abdomen, and its sheaths, when apart therefrom, are usually spirally curled. The apterous male has a small head, rather broader than long, with black subrotundate macule in the position 4 Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions of the eyes, small trigonate bidentate mandibles, and short fleshy four-jointed antenne, porrected in front ; the 1st joint small and trigonate, recurved at the base; the 2nd larger and subovate; the 8rd shorter, its basal moiety contracted and curved; and the terminal joint oblong, tumid and setose at the apex. It may be readily distinguished from all others by its elongate, straight, anterior femora, as long as the prothorax,. and closely pressed against its sides, with very diminutive broad crenated tibiez, compressed five-jointed tarsi, and stout claws. The pronotum is very large and scudiform, the mesonotum short and transverse, and the metanotum narrower and rounded behind. The middle pair of legs (which are very long and slender in Blastophaga) are rather shorter than the others, with the femora sub- globose, the hind tibie short and straight, and their tarsi, like those of the posterior pair, having five well- developed joints nearly equal in length, with moderate claws and long pulvilli. The coxe and femora of the hind legs are very robust; the tarsi shorter than the middle pair, subtrigonate, and very broad at the apex, obliquely truncate, and armed with several stout spines ; the claws rather larger than those of the imtermediate tarsi, and internally dilated. I propose to designate this very remarkable genus and species bythe name of Hupristina masoni, as distinguished from all others by the wing-veins, and by the duplex . character of the serrate mandibular appendages in the female, as well as by the peculiar structure of the fore legs in the male. ‘The practical application of the additional lobe attached to the base of the serrate spatule, furnished with a collateral series of long teeth, may seem scarcely intelligible, although the action of the former is sufficiently obvious while the females are seen working their way out of the pericarps, swaying their heads to and fro to effect their emancipation. When, however, the fig is laid open, the seed-vessels, deprived of their usual moisture, soon assume a pergameneous consistency, retaining the hapless inmates by the thoracical region unless fresh moisture be freely applied. This difficulty may not unfrequently occur in a warm temperature, when the lateral lobe may be available as an additional aid to prevent the sides of the aperture ‘from prematurely closing, and enable the serrate process to operate more freely and efficaciously by such double action. of new Fig-Insects. 5 EupRISTINA,* n. g. Mas apterus. Caput transverso-ovale. Oculi maculis subrotundis nigris indicati. Antenne breves, glabre 4- articulate ; articulo Imo parvo, subtrigono ; 2do triplo majore, basi latiore externe rotundato ; 3tio brevi, dimidio basali constricto, curvato ; 4to tumido, ovato, apice setis brevibus instructo. Mandibule subtrigone, parve, bi- dentate. Palpi obsoleti. Thorax gibbus, capite dimidio latior; pronoto magno, scudiformi; mesonoto brevi, transverso, lateribus rotundatis ; metanoto semicireolari. Pedes antici femoribus valde elongatis, rectis, lateribus parallelis, apice truncatis, basi constrictis, ad pro- notum proximis longe porrectis; coxis oblongis, latis, disco compressis, concavis, apice oblique auriculatis, acutis ; tibiis latis, brevissimis, latere crenatis, apice bi- lobatis; tarsis parvis, robustis, 5-articulatis, articulis brevissimis, arctissime conjunctis, unguibus majusculis ; intermedii femoribus parvis, inflatis; tibius brevibus, curvatis, apice dilatatis, spinosis ; tarsis elongatulis, 5- articulatis, articulis equalibus, tenuibus, unguibus par- vis ; postict majores, femoribus longioribus, crassioribus ; tibiis subtrigonis, apice externe uncinnatis ; tarsis medi- ocribus, 5-articulatis, articulis equalibus, unguibus mag- nis. Abdomen elongatum, segmentis basalibus quatuor ventricosis, reliquis tribus seepe subtus deflexis vel intus retractis, tubum elongatum efficientibus; genitalium apice haud rarius ultra caput subtus porrecto. Femina alata. Caput vix longius quam latum, pos- tice paullo latius, disco in longum fossulatum, lateribus prominulis, antice transverse canaliculatis. Oculi mag-, ni, ovales. Ocelliinconspicui. Mandibule satis magne, basi late, apice bidentate; spatula basali elongata, exarticulata, subter capite retro producta, striata, striis in dentibus fere 11 acutis latere interno productis ; cujus ad basin lobo angusto, elongato, rigido, exarticu- lato, proximo sed diviso, latere interno affixo, hoc dentibus 7 instructo; his et ills duplici serie simul oblique distinguendis. Clypeus marginis medio in angulum deflexum productus. Mentuwm profunde situm, basin versus processu frondiformi utrinque usque ad apicem producto. Labiwn elongatulum, tenue, palpis eracillimis. Mazille biarticulate, articulis elongatis, \ : A - mprcTns, Qui serra secat, 6 Sir 8. 8. Saunders’ descriptions basali tumido, apicali tenui. Antenne capite fere duplo longiores, 12-articulate ; scapo magno subovali, articulo 2do oblongo, sinuoso; 8tio brevi, transverso; 4to in spinam acutam externe producto; 5to minimo; 6to et 7mo angustis, parvis; 8vo maximo, cyathiformi, setis densisrecumbentibus antice productis vestito ; 9n0o—11mo preecedenti similibus sed minoribus, comqualibus ; extimo setis obtecto, conico. Thorax capitis latitudine, dimidio longior ; pronoto scudiformi, angulis anticis rotundatis ; mesonoto subquadrato, metanoto angustiore, postice rotundato. Ale antice late, postice basi usque marginis mediam oblique truncate, deinde usque apicem ciliate, disco glabro; costa abbreviata, vena postcostali in- spissata, a margine late divergente, parum arcuata, longitudinis ale ante mediam in clavam elongatam acuminatam recte producta, antice margini propinque tenuissime prolongata ; vena deflexa cubitalis deest : al@ postice subacuminate, postice basi emarginate, margine fimbriate ; costa cum vena postcostali coalitis arcuatis, basi validis ; hee marginis medio setis brevibus tribus deflexis apice instructa. Pedes, tarsis omnibus 5-articu- latis, pulvillis valde productis ; antici parvi, coxis sub- ovalibus, temoribus superne arcuatis, subtus rectis; tibiis brevibus, curvatis, apice dilatatis, spinosis ; tarsis longioribus, articulis subeequalibus, unguibus majusculis, tenuibus ; intermedii longi, tenui, coxis transverse dila- tatis; femoribus brevibus, parum inflatis, basi con- strictis; tibiis elongatis, subrectis, basi tenuioribus, apice angulo interno in spinam tenuem producto ; tarsis elongatulis, articulo basali paulo longiore, unguibus parvis, gracilibus; postici coxis magnis, femoribus brevibus, basi valde dilatatis ; tibiis robustis, brevioribus, basi tenuibus, apice recte truncatis, angulo interno uncinnatis ; tarsis valde elongatis, articulo basali cur- vato, longiore, reliquis subzqualibus, unguibus majus- culis, interne dilatatis. Abdomen ovale, thorace brevius ; oviductu gracillimo, flexili, abdomine duplo longiore, vyaginis tenuissimis sepe in spiram flexis. Eupristina masont, Nn. 8. Mas testaceus, antennis pallide flavis, pronoti disco vitta ovali circumsignato, abdomine albido. Femina capite (basi excepto) pedibusque pallide flavis ; antennis articulis 4or basalibus (nonnullis d5toque) flavis, reliquis of new Fig-Insects. 4 cerulescentibus ; capitis basi thoraceque viridibus ; alis hyalinis, glabris, costa basi picea, vena postcostali lutea ; abdomine nitido, piceo, basi plus minusyve testaceo. Long. corp.—mas, 14 mm.; femina, 13 mm. Exp. alar. 24+ mm. Hab. In grossis Ficus Indice e germinibus Maize Idus exeuntes horto botanico Caleutte. Dom. J. Wood- Mason cum ficubus ipsis amicissime communiecavit. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz, et nostro. Note.-—The measurements in the males of this and the two following species are exclusive of the retractile abdominal segments after the 4th. The relative length of the ovipositor in the females is computed from the apex of the abdomen, exclusive of its subjacent and more or less internally concealed basal portion. I have also recently received from New South Wales both sexes of another remarkable species allied to Blastophaga, the ovipositor, however, being as long as the abdomen, and the mandibles of the female, together with their serrate appendages, being furnished with about thirty sharp teeth, forming one continuous saw from end to end, thus constituting a most effective im- plement, whose structure may favourably compare with any in use at the present day; the faleate mandible representing the ordinary curvate handle, and the four following teeth appertaining to the broad base of the saw, the residue (twenty-six) being on the inner margin of the transverse strie of the appendage. (Plate II., fig. 25). The antenne of the female are also peculiar. The scape is distended and suboval; the 2nd joint short and as broad as long, the 8rd joint forming the usual spinose projection, though short and subtrigonate; the 4th is longer than broad, but small; the two following joints are compressed and longitudinally striated, equal in size, with the sides parallel, and truncate at the base and apex; the 7th and 8th are shorter and somewhat eyathiform ; the last three (9th to 11th) forming an elongate fusiform clava. The head is very large, much compressed, twice as long as broad, the sides parallel and rounded at the base, with a very short terminal horn. The thorax is about the same length as the head; the prothorax narrow in front and subtrigonate, the apex being attached below 8 Sir S. S. Saunders’ descriptions the base of the former, which is frequently deflected at right angles therewith ; the mesothorax and metuthorax are gibbous and as wide as the head. The fore wings have the cubital vein projected almost at aright angle on the disc, having a wedge-shaped clava pointing towards the outer margin, the disc being clothed with short recumbent sete, and the margin fimbriated around. The hind wings have the costa and post-costal vein robust at the base and strongly arcuate, with a slight prolongation to a central marginal tubercle bearing two or three hooklets, the margin being fimbriated all round. The anterior and posterior legs are shorter than the intermediate pair, which are slender and elongate ; the femora and tibie of the former are curvate, and those of the latter more robust, all the tarsi being elon- gate. The ovipositor is slender and curvate, slightly exceeding the length of the abdomen. The apterous male has a small rotundate fuscous head, contrasting with the thorax, abdomen, and legs, which are fleshy white. It has seven-jointed antenne projecting in front, and turned laterally after the 3rd joint. The basal joint is small and oblong, the 2nd large and sub- ovate, the 8rd as long as the three following, which are small and compact, and the terminal joint is tumid and subglobose. (Plate II., fig. 20). The foregoing characters will readily serve to discrimi- nate this new genus and species, for which I propose the name of Pleistodontes imperialis, in allusion to the multi- serrate mandibular appendages of the female. PLEISTODONTES, 0. g. Mas apterus. Corpus angustum, elongatum, molle. Caput parvum, subsphericum, antice truncatum. Oculi parvi, rotundi. Clypeus pone antennas in longum canaliculatus, spina intermedia elongata, acuta, basi antice porrecta. (Tab. II., fig. 21). Mandibule parve, subfaleate, apice bidentate ; processibus duobus brevi- bus, apice transverse dilatatis, conjunctis, inter mandi- bulas porrectis. (Tab. II., fig. 22). Antenne elongate, clabre, 7-articulate ; articulo 1mo parvo, oblongo, apice latiore; 2do maegno, basi rotundato, apice truncato, longitudine latitudinem dimidio excedente; 8tio elon- cato, curvato, tribus sequentibus semel longiore; his brevibus, transversis, arcte conjunctis; extimo (7mo) of new Fig-Insects. 9 tumido, magno, apice setis brevibus instructo. Thorax capite dimidio longior, antice capitis latitudine ; pronoto elongato, postice vix latiore, truncato, lateribus rectis ; mesonoto brevi, transverso ; metanoto longiore, postice rotundato. Pedes antici robusti, coxis subquadratis, angulis rotundatis ; femoribus basi valde dilatatis, apice sensim angustioribus ; tibiis brevibus, curvatis, 5-articu- latis, articulis compressis; unguibus validis. Pedes intermedii graciliores, coxis parvis, transversis ; femori- bus oblongis ; tibiis elongatis, basi angustis, apice sensim sed parum dilatatis, inermibus ; tarsis elongatis, 5-articu- latis, articulis cozequalibus ; unguibus elongatis, parum incurvis; pedes postici, coxis magnis, subrotundis ; femoribus ovatis ; tibiis brevibus, basi constrictis, apice latis, truncatis, angulo interno biuncinnatis; tarsis robustioribus, 5-articulatis ; unguibus validis, pulvillis dilatatis. Abdomen elongatum, segmentis basalibus paullo inflatis, reliquis sensim angustioribus, infra recurvis. Femina alata. Caput maximum, elongatum, com- pressum, lateribus subparallelis, postice rotundatum, angulis anticis prominulis, disco in longum canali- culato. Oculi ovales, prominuli, basi propinque siti. Mandibule majuscule, basi subquadrate, transverse striate, apice falcate, acute, latere interno basi 4- serrate, appendice basali longissima, multiserrata, trans- verse striata, dentibus fere 26 margine interno instructa. Ocelli invisi. Antenne 11-articulate, clavate, capite paullo longiores, prope marginem anticum fossule in- serte ; scapo elongato, subovali, basi apiceque attenuato ; articulo 2do brevi, lateribus rotundatis, 3tio in spinam subtrigonam externe producto; 4to parvo, elongato; reliquis majoribus, in longum rugose striatis ; 5to et 6to compressis, lateribus subparallelis, basi apiceque trun- catis ; 7mo et 8vo brevioribus, sensim latioribus ; ultimis tribus (scilicet 9no—11mo) clavam fusiformem constitu- entibus. Thorax elongatus, capitis latitudine, lateribus subrectis ; pronoto parvo, antice truncato, angulis pos- tice productis ; mesonoto brevi, transverso ; metanoto longiori, postice rotundato. Ale antice late, vena post- costali basi cum costa coalita, postea in disco arcuata, apice ad marginem conjuncta ; vena cubitali in rectan- gulum breviter deflexa, apice clava subtrigona acuta latere externo producta: postice anguste, elongate, basi constricte, vena postcostali, cum costa breviter coalita, 10 Sir S. S. Saunders’ descriptions valida, arcuata, apice, marginis mediam versus, setis duabus tribusve brevibus, in angulum deflexis, in- structa ; alarum ambarum disco setis brevibus sparsim induto, marginibus gracillime fimbriatis. Pedes tarsis omnibus 5-articulatis ; antici, coxis parvis, subquadratis ; femoribus brevibus inflatis; tibiis elongatis, robustis, basi apiceque constrictis, imermibus ; tarsis ungul- busque parvis ; pedes inter medii longi, coxis parvis, trans- versis ; femoribus parum inflatis ; tibiis, tarsisque, elon- gatis, gracillimis, unguibus subrectis : peces postici breves, coxis subquadratis ; femoribus robustis apice constrictis ; tibiis brevissimis, subtrigonis, apice latis, truncatis, spina acuta elongata angulo interno armatis ; tarsis robustioribus, articulo basali longiore, curvato ; ungui- bus parvis, pulvillis dilatatis. Abdomen elongatum, basi thoracis latitudine, apice sensim attenuatum ; oviductu eracili, curvato, abdominis fere longitudine. Pleistodontes imperialis, n. 8. Mas capite saturate fusco; antennis, thorace, pedi- busque pallide stramineis ; abdomine albido. Famina omnino nigra, alis cineriis. Long. corp.—mas, 14mm. ; femina, 12mm. Exp. alar. 3 mm. Hab. Australasia, Ficus macrophylle grossis, Ficus Australis quoque; ab his mense Junio, illisve mense Februario, emergentes. Mares cum feminis copula conjunctos in ficus pulpa liberos bis inveni. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie, et nostro. The species of Ficus from which these germ-feeders were obtained is described as having a long dark shining leaf, like that of the laurel, commonly known locally as the Moreton Bay fig-tree, growing wild in the mountainous regions, but introduced as an ornamental tree in gardens at Sydney. The insects were ready to emerge early in February, when, on opening some of these figs, many of their inmates flew out. Numerous specimens of a black species of Jdarnes (all females) with a tubiform pro- longation of the abdomen, allied to J. transiens, WIk., were also found therewith, together with other parasitic TAaces. Those appertaining to this category, which were obtained from the figs of Ficus Indica, will be described by Professor Westwood in treating of Walker’s types of of new Fig-Insects. bt like origin. Some of the apterous species are furnished with rudimentary alary appendages, consisting of a long filamentary multiarticulate process emanating from the mesonotum on either side, and coiling about among the legs. These, as well as a large-headed species having rudimentary wings of a different character, were in some few instances extracted from closed pericarps, distended, in the latter case, to larger dimensions, where they were doubtless parasitic on the original occupants of these abodes; the co-existence of a well-defined germ-feeding community having now been detected, which must have already quitted the figs of the same species of Ficus from which Walker’s specimens were obtained. Hence it follows that whensoever the primary inmates of these seed-vessels have been duly determined by structural affinities, all divergent races found in those recesses must be regarded, primd facie, unless otherwise authenti- cated, as hostile intruders which have only obtained such a habitaculum for their offspring when rendered avail- able by the agency of their victims, in whose bodies oviposition has been effected while yet immature and incarcerated within. Casual visitants, which deposit their ova in the pulp after the phytophagous brood has effected its exit, are readily recognisable by their larval progeny, as in the case of the aforesaid obese grubs, the larvee of Oscinis, and others. It may here be observed that the heterogeneous associa- tion of predaceous and non-predaceous races among Walker’s so-called Agaonide involves a palpable para- dox, their severance being enjoined by due regard to their respective habits. Thus his fig species of [darnes, no less than his supposed ‘‘ neuters?” of Sycobia, and even his type of the latter,—a winged male, as Professor Westwood has lately determined,—now found conco- mitant with the germ-feeding brood of Hupristina, can have no tribal affinity with Agaon, whose natural alliance with Blastophaga was first pointed out by the latter, many years back, in our ‘ Transactions’ (vol. 1i., p. 223), the serrate mandibular appendages in both amply testify- ing to this effect. It would thus seem befitting to dis- integrate this phytophagous group as a distinct sub- family of fig-insects proper, excluding therefrom all pre- sumably parasitic types; the former being defined as Sycophagides, comprising two sectional divisions—the Prionastomata and the Aploastomata—founded upon their 12 Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions respective mouth-parts ; and the latter as Sycocolacides, unless appertaining to other sectional groups. But this primary severance of the respective races would obviously seem to point to the incongruous posi- tion occupied of late by the Sycophagides among the entomophagous Chalcidide, and, as a necessary corollary, to prescribe their transfer to a more congenial sphere, by restoring them, as heretofore, to the vegetable-feeding Cympide, where their alliance is more naturally indi- cated. Exceptional instances have indeed been cited of the latter being abnormally addicted to parasitism ; while, on the other hand, some of the Hurytomides are alleged to diverge from the well-known zoophagous propensities of their race, and to be not only plant-feeders, but also gall-producers, though many distinguished writers have hesitated to accept such an anomalous conclusion, which others have confidently expounded as the result of dili- gent investigation ; but, be this as it may, the charac- teristic habits of these germ-devouring fig-insects—for whom all need of gall-protection is superseded by the nature of their domicile—assimilate them to cognate phytophagous communities, in accordance with the posi- tion previously assigned them, while militating against any confraternity with a hostile race having no kindred bonds of fellowship to constitute a family alliance there- with. The economy of Agaon, whose structural characters had long proved so embarrassing, was utterly unknown when Latreille, at a venture, placed this genus next to Hurytoma in Cuyvier’s ‘ Animal Kingdom’; while its near allies, the Blastophage, are simultaneously adverted to, as a species employed in caprification, under the heading of Cynips, Linn.; and it would seem difficult to comprehend the rejection of their acquired title as such, when other far more aberrant instances present themselves of actual parasitism exceptionally witnessed among non-gallicolists (such as some species of Figites, Allotria, &c.) which are nevertheless tolerated in the same ranks with the Cym- pide as co-heirs to their titular domain. It appears, however, to have been assumed ad priori as an axiom—when little was known upon the subject beyond the revelations of certain writers more or less antiquated—that all these fig-denizens were fruit-feeders ; but subsequently, when other species were found com- mingled therewith—such as those brought from Madras of new Fig-Insects. 13 by Sir Walter Elliot and now in the British Museum— some difficulty was experienced as to discriminating between friend and foe; and thus, partly from this circumstance, partly also in consequence of certain fortuitous complications to which I shall presently ad- vert, but mainly perhaps from the paucity of available materials, the subject has remained, as it were, in abey- ance for a considerable period, during which the oppor- tunities for prosecuting researches in a wider field were unaccountably neglected, as recently testified by Dr. Paul Meyer’s elaborate Treatise on Fig-insects (‘ Zur Naturgeschichte der Feigeninsecten,’ Mitth. d. Zool. Station z. Neapel, Bd. iii., Heft 4, 1882), citing a long list of various species of Ficus which have afforded evidence of the presence of such inmates; and, in fact, it must be incontestably evident that their name is legion, and their species a multiple of those hitherto recorded, disseminated under divers controlling influences through the lapse of ages, and bursting upon us as startling phenomena from time to time. When, moreover, we consider the life-history of these diminutive races,—diversified in astounding variety in some of their most remarkable structural characters, while themselves attaining their maximum development within the seed-vessels of a dwarf-fig not exceeding, in many instances, half an inch in diameter, and consti- tuting a little world of its own, which many of its inmates, blind from their birth, are destined never to quit, living in perpetual obscurity within this secluded domicile where organs of vision would be of no avail, but exercising their appointed functions in obedience to a common law regulating the just proportions of each race,—a tale of wonderment is told by these pigmy prodigies which affords a striking illustration of that dictum which our French entomological brethren have adopted as their motto, ‘‘ Natura maxime miranda in minimis!” In explanation of the fortuitous circumstances afore- said, | must needs recite the several gradations whereby, almost imperceptibly, step by step, and without any deliberate intention, this federal dependency of the Cynipide, whilom unchallenged as such, became in- cidentally transferred to a hostile tribe, whose title— illegitimately acquired, as shown in the sequel—it be- hoves us to scrutinise, as the first step towards restoring this exiled community to its rightful inheritance. 14 Sir 8. 8S. Saunders’ descriptions When Gravenhorst drew attention thereto by his able ** Disquisitio de Cynipe Psene auctorum,” &c. (‘ Beitrage zur Entomologie,’ 1 Heft, Breslau, 1829, p. 27), no other divergent types had been recorded in connection therewith ; but, while adverting to the non-existence in his Blastophaga of a spiral ovipositor, such as Linneus ascribed to the Cynipide, he nevertheless avows that Latreille refers the Cynips psenes to that family, and that Blastophaga must doubtless be comprised therewith, discarding the idea of any aftinity between the latter and the Chalcidide, as defined by Jurine, and stating that his species differed from any of the latter which he had seen, ‘‘ capite ovato-orbiculato et vite ratione”’ (loc. cit., p- 32). Some years after (1837) Professor Westwood, in his in- teresting memoir on “‘ Caprification, &c.’’—when discuss- ing the merits of Dalman’s alternative suggestion of a seeming analogy in his Agaon with the Pteromali and the Codrint (Chalcidide and Proctotrupide), but especially with the former—expressed his opinion ‘‘ that the curious little groups above described are certainly referable to the Chalcidide rather than to the Proctotrupide”’; add- ing that ‘‘from all these insects, however, they are at once removed by their frwit-feeding habits, as well as by various anomalous portions of their structure, so that I hesitate to name any particular group in that family to which they ought to be considered as most nearly allied” (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., vol. ii., p. 223). Subsequently Dr. Coquerel discovered certain strange- looking fig-insects in the Island of Bourbon, which he characterised as abnormal parasites, regarding them as ‘les femelles apteres et aveugles de quelque male ailé et inconnu”’ (Réy. et Mag. de Zool., 2e série, Tome vii., 1855), these being the now recognised males of winged females, their legitimate partners having been maligned as ‘‘ Chalcidites qui selon toute apparence s’étaient déeveloppes a leurs dépens! ” Thus, under the influence of such mistaken identity, a delusive character clung to both sexes of the genuine phytophagous brood; so that Walker, when describing Sir Walter Elliot’s specimens from the Ficus Indica (‘ Notes on Chalcidiew,’ 1871), consigned them all to his parasitic races, together with Blastophaga and Sycophaga, as alike ‘‘ cradled in figs ’’—a principle which would not apply to all the inmates of galls—branding ,his calumniated of new Fig-Insects. 15 Agaonide with a felonious impress by placing Coquerel’s figures of his ‘‘étranges parasites” as emblems and types of the whole, and superadding a tissue of romance on their fabulous affinities. More recently Professor Westwood, while censuring Walker’s peccadilloes, has reiterated his own pre- dilections in favour of such an alliance, though obviously treating them in the aggregate as one joint- stock company, without contemplating the possibility and propriety of a dissolution of partnership between them ; for, as he has elsewhere remarked, in speaking of the Cynipide, ‘‘it had always appeared to me con- trary to nature that a tribe of vegetable-feeders should be arranged in the midst of parasites’ (Mod. Class., vol. ii., p. 1382); nor can it be conceivable that the essentials of structural qualifications should be fashioned in the same guise as equally adapted for germ-feeders and their antagonists. A specious superticial resemblance may, indeed, sometimes obtain between the aggressor and its victim ; or, in cases of commensal fellowship, such as that of Bombus and Psithyrus (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p- 807), both being vegetable-feeders, fraternising in the common banquet provided by the former ; but in selecting Callimome, of parasitic habits, as the standard of com- parison in this instance, there would be no raison d’étre for such a similitude, no species of this genus having yet been found in these fig-abodes. Nevertheless, Coquerel’s figure of his supposed Chaleis (op. cit., pl. x., fig. 4), or that of Sycophaga by Professor Westwood in our ‘'l'ransactions’ (1882, pl. i1., fig. 2), are cited as offering convincing evidence ‘that the fig species are most nearly related to Callimome”’ ; while it is averred that ‘‘the structure of the antenne (even to the minute articulations following the 2nd joint), the fusion of the three terminal joints of these organs, the structure of the wings and wing-veins, and the long ex- serted straight ovipositor, sufficiently prove that these insects must be placed in the great tamily Chalcidide”’ (ibid, p. 50). But, in propounding such a comparison between these parasitic and non-parasitic races, the application of the aforesaid tests to the germ-feeders collectively, or to their two selected representatives respectively, is by no ‘means obvious, especially as regards the character ascribed to the ovipositor ; for, although a newly-deve- 16 Sir 8. 8. Saunders’ descriptions loped example of Sycophaga has been observed to expand this organ to its fullest extent in order to acquire a proper consistency, after being encircled and cramped within the small dimensions of the pericarp (loc. cit., 1882, pl. ii.), yet it always retains, as in other instances, a curvate tendency in the sequel. Thus in the original description of the genus (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. vol. i1., p- 822), we read :—‘“‘ Oviductus trisetosus, setis equalibus, abdoninis duplo longioribus, et valde incurvatis,” as repre- sented (¢bid) in pl. xx., fig, 5k. Taking, however, these tests seriatim (1) the minute articulations delineated by Professor Westwood in the antenne of the female Sycophaga (Trans. Ent. Soe. Lond., 1882, pl. ii., fig. 6), scarcely correspond with any in the same sex of Callimome; nor do they occur in Blastophaga (ibid, pl. v., fig. 51), whose antenne, more- over, have the 4th joint produced into a long projecting spine, thus differing vastly from those of Callimome. The small annuli in the antenne of the Hurytomides, as figured by-Curtis in Decatoma (Brit. Entom., pl. 345) are also witnessed among some of the fig-insects belonging to the parasitic races, but these differ essentially from the aforesaid articulations in the antenne of Sycophaga ; and the presence of such annuli in the alleged vegetable- feeding species of the former would seem to attest their ancestral ‘‘ Unity of Habits’’ with others of the same group, however much their appetites may have become chastened by some mysterious dispensation. So also in Dr. Paul Meyer’s figure (from Cavolini)* of the supposed female of ‘‘ Ichnewmon jficarius”’ (loc. cit., p. 564, pl. xxv., fig. 5, and pl. xxvi., fig. 13); the male, however, being evidently a Sycoscapter, generically distinct from such female, which has a long ovipositor with a tubiform base, as described by Walker in Idarnes transiens (Idar- nella, Westw.). (2). As regards the fusion of the three terminal joints of the antenne, this is not a reliable character through- out the germ-feeders, for it does not exist in Hupristina (Pl. I., fig. 14), nor in the Madagascar species (Pl. III., figs. 89, 40), both of which have these terminal joints dis- tinctly separated from each other. So likewise in Agaon, * Frnippo Cavouini. ‘‘ Memoria per servire alla storia compiuta del fico e della proficazione.”’ Opuscoli scelti sulle scienze e sulle arti; Tome v., Milano, 1782. (Dr. P. Meyer, l. c., p. 579). of new Fig-Insects. at as adverted to by Professor Westwood in his memoir on ‘* Caprification,” &c. (l.¢., vol. u1., p. 223), the “‘antenns are terminated by three very large and distinct joints.” (3). The wing-veins also differ inter se in the germ- feeders, nor does Callimome coincide with Eupristina in this respect (Pl. I., fig. 4) ; while, irrespective of their phytophagous habits, these germ-feeders, in common with their aforesaid representatives, are separated from Callimome by other alary incongruities, such as the in- variable absence of wings in the males. (4). Furthermore, the long straight ovipositor is not a distinguishing characteristic of these phytivorous broods, this organ being remarkably short in Blastophaga, as well as in the Madagascar species (PI. III., fig. 46) ; and in all matured examples it maintains the arcuate con- dition imparted by its original position within the seed- vessel as aforesaid, whether long or short. That this organ should be exserted is doubtless essential to the requirements of the race in their mode of oviposition, having, moreover, in some instances, if not in all, to penetrate within the young figs for this purpose, as testified of Sycophaga in our ‘Transactions’ (1878, p- 317), for which purpose a more bulky abdomen, like that of an ordinary Cynips, would be ill-adapted, although Latreille surmises that the ova of Blastophaga (Cynips Psenes, Linn.) are deposited in the pollen at an earlier stage (Cuv., Anim. Kingd., Genus Cynips).* Such modified appliances, however, are constantly witnessed, ‘and constitute connecting links between allied races, which may be no less recognised in this instance. Thus, in his incomparable standard work, the ‘ Modern Classi- fication of Insects’ (vol. i1., p. 117), Professor Westwood explains ‘‘ that the borer of the Urocerus is but the saw of the T'enthredo, modified to fit it for its functions,” the analogy between their structural details and the re- spective advantages derivable therefrom being also fully discussed. The same remarks apply equally to this im- plement in Xiphydria (ibid, p. 121). In Oryssus its * Count Solms-Laubach, by his recent researches at Naples, has ascertained that the female Blastophage, like those of Sycophaga, penetrate into the wild figs for the purpose of depositing their eggs. He frequently found a mass of their wings adhering thereto where many had effected their entrance together, and they sub- sequently die within. (‘‘Die Herkunft, Domestication, und Ver- breitung des gewdhnlichen Feigenbaum; Von H. Graf zu Solms- Laubach.” Gottingen, 1882). TRANS, ENT, Soc, 1888,—PART I, (MARCH.) c 18 Sir §. 8. Saunders’ descriptions structure is still more anomalous, this genus being con- sidered by Dahlbom as constituting the “‘ connecting link’ between the ‘ gall-flies” and the ‘“‘ saw-flies” (tbid, p. 124), where the phytophagous fig-species may not inappropriately intervene as a primary group of the Cynipide. The inferences to be deduced from such modifications, where corresponding habits disclose asso- ciating links, are well exemplified in the reasons adduced by Professor Westwood for the transfer of the Uroceride from the position assigned to them by St. Fargeau; his nomenclature and arrangement being repudiated ‘‘ be- cause neither appear to have a foundation in nature, the precise construction of the ovipositor in his different. groups not having been correctly ascertained, whilst we have already seen that there are no grounds for the in- sertion of the Uroceride amongst the parasitic insects” (ibid, p- 123). Thus modifications in structure, implying corresponding differences in economy, must not be held to supersede all considerations reposing on physiological facts. In like manner the ovipositor in these germ- consumers was well known to Linneus when he described his Cynips Psenes as ‘‘ aculeo exserto, sed debili, laxo, ut — vix videatur Cynips esse’’; yet he had no scruple to associate this and Hasselquist’s other fig-species with the Cynipide. Moreover, as compared with Callimome (Curtis, loc. cit., pl. 552), the organisation of the terebra in these fig-devotees of the germ-feeding race is essen- ‘tially different, as emanating from a depressed valve at the base of the 5th segment, thus described by Graven- horst in Blastophaga: ‘‘ Terebra setiformi, vaginis gract- liore, situ certo, cwm nenupe infra ventrem reclinatur, e val- vula ad basin segmenti quintt porrecta’’ (loc. cit., p. 29). This valve is shown in my figures 15, 29, and 46. In fact we are confronted with anomalous ovipositors in all the intervening links between the Tenthredinide and the Cynipide; but, in these germ-nurtured fig- voluptuaries, such modifications are not unfrequently emphasised to a remarkable extent in their buccal organs, by those peculiar serrate processes, of marvellous devices, which many of them exhibit as mandibular appendages, having no parallel elsewhere ; while, from their inherited instincts, the same ruling must apply to them as to the Uroceride—that there are no grounds for the insertion of these vegetarians amongst the parasitic insects. Never- theless, in comprising the Cynipide among the “ Ento- mophaga,’”’ the same exemption from unnatural associates of new Fig-I nsects. 19 was not extended to them ; while admitting that ‘‘if we employ terms founded upon the habits of the different families’ (as in this instance) ‘“‘ we must introduce the gall-flies amongst the plant-feeders (Phytiphaga) ’’—(Mod. Class. ii., p. 124). With reference to the dentate genital claspers adverted to “as a further illustration of the relationship between some of the fig-insects and other well-known parasitic Chaleidide”’ (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, pp. 325, 326), I would observe that this character can have no appli- cation to tribal distinctions, inasmuch as its presence alike in the germ-feeding Sycophaga and in several of its para- sitic associates, having no kindred connections therewith, must serve to discountenance any such inference; while the absence of similar retinacula in the corresponding sex of Callimome does not enhance its claim to be regarded as allied to Sycophaga. This, however, is a character which has been very little studied hitherto, and may be found to have a wider application, irrespective of family associa- tions.. Hence it follows that, whether looking to structural endowments or correlative propensities, these fig-dwellers of the phytophagous broods are in nowise disqualified for their ancestral status by the results of such an ordeal, any more than by their adopted habitat, for, as Hasselquist observes, ‘‘ Galle locum obtinet heic ficus”’ ; the severance of the respective races being readily effected by the light of analogy; or if, indeed, the results thus obtained should in any instance prove fallacious, the remedy is obvious, such liability, however, being of minor import than the inconsistency involved in the promiscuous intermingling of alien races consequent upon an innovation of the last decade, founded on mis- conception, and irreconcilable with probationary tests. In reverting, therefore, to their time-honoured kinship, the Cynipide would be divisible into three subfamilies, (1) the Sycophagides, (2) the Cecidophagides, and (8) the Heterophagides, or aphidivorous Cynipide,* constituting, as long since suggested by Prof. Westwood (Mod. Class. ii., p. 124), ‘the connecting link ’”’ with the aphidivorous Bracondes ; the hitherto known fig-feeders being tabu- lated as follows :— * The tendency of such heteroclites to revert to their ancestral habits is well exemplified in the instance cited by Dr. Harris, and referred to by Prof. Westwood in his ‘Memoir’ on the ‘“ Huryto- mides” (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 811), when ‘some of these insects that came from a straw-bed, and were shown to Dr. 20. Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions CYNIPIDA, Westw. SYCOPHAGIDES. Division 1. Prionastomata. Buastopuaca, Grav. (Cynips, Hasselq:, Linn., Fab., Latr.). Sp. 1. B. ficus, Hasselq.; C. psenes, Linn.; B. syco- mori, Westw. Sp. 2. B. carice, Hasselq. ; C. psenes, Linn. Sp. 8. B. grossorum, Grav. Aaaon, Dalman. Sp. 1. A. paradoxum, Dalm. Sycocrypra, Coquerel. Sp. 1. S. ceca, Coq. KUPRISTINA, 0. g. Sp. 1. H. masoni, n. s. PLEISTODONTES, 0. g. Sp. 1. P. imperialis, n. s. KRADIBIA, 0. g. Sp. 1. K. cowani, n. s. Division 2. Aploastomata. SycopHaca, Westw. Gonibe Hasselq., Linn., Fab.). Sp. 1. S. sycomori, Linn.; C. cycomori, Hasselq. S. crassipes, Westw. Apocrypta, Coquerel. (Sycophaga, Westw.). Sp. 1. A. paradoxa, Coq. Sp. 2. A. perplexa, Coq. KRADIBIA COWANI. This new genus and species has been obtained from some small figs brought to this country from Madagascar by the Rey. W. Deans Cowan, who states that they were found in the Forest of Fianarantsoa, in the south- central district of -the island, about four miles from Antananarivo, the capital. Mr. Cowan explains that, so far as he can recollect, ‘“‘the tree was very high, about nine inches in diameter, and the fruit of a strawberry- red colour, attached to the trunk at nearly the whole H., had proved very troublesome to children sleeping on the bed, their bites or stings being followed by considerable irritation, which lasted several days ; so numerous were the insects that it was found necessary to empty the bed-tick and burn the straw.” of new Fig-Insects. 21 height of the tree below the branches, and found in clusters of four and five together.” On inspecting these figs after their arrival it was evident that a portion of the inmates had already effected their egress, though some of the females had died when in the act of emerging from the seed-vessels, several of the apterous males, together with a few of their winged partners, still adhering to the glutinous orifice of the passage whereby others of the brood had escaped, this being the first instance on record in which any of the former have been known to quit the fig. Both sexes are smaller than the European Blastophage ; the males have an obcordate head, with short six-jointed antenne pro- jecting from the clypeus; their broad trigonate mandibles, bidentate at the apex, forming, when closed, a transverse prominent line in front, and their eyes conglomerate within black triangular macule (as seen in balsam slides). The males are remarkable as having only four developed legs, the middle pair being obsolete. Traces thereof have, however, been detected under the microscope, in a very rudimentary form, not otherwise perceptible, in some transparent specimens mounted in balsam, consisting of two biarticulate appendages, of minute dimensions, which may be detached in dissected specimens, and which are shown in their natural position, affixed to the posterior margin of the mesosternum, in Plate III., fig. 47. When viewed laterally, as in fig. 82, these quadrupedal males, standing on their short robust legs, with projecting head, are somewhat suggestive of a miniature pachyderm—si parva leet componere magnis. The pronotum is very large, rounded in front and deeply emarginate at the base, with long projecting angles directed backwards; the mesonotum is semi- circular and broadly truncate behind ; the metanotum is longer than wide, narrower and truncate behind, with -the sides rounded. The legs have their femora much distended ; those of the first pair are longer and broader than those of the hind legs; the tibiae of the first are very short, and as wide as long, terminating in two incurvate spines forming a large crescent; their tarsi are biarticulate and robust, with large prominent claws; the hind tibie are longer than the fore tibie, narrow at the base and truncate at the apex, with two short spurs at each angle and three or four sharp teeth near the apex on the outer margin; their tarsi are 5- 22 Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions articulate, the basal joints short, the 5th longer, with small claws. The female has a short ovipositor like Blastophaga, from which it diverges in the structure of the antennae, which have some resemblance to those of Hupristina in their terminal joints and setose character; but it differs from the latter in the veining of the wings, which have the cubitus deflexed on the disc, and in its simple- 5- serrate mandibular appendages. The head is small and oval, and the mandibles, as well as their appendages, short and broad. The antenne are ten-jointed, the basal joint large and elongate, narrower at the apex, with an angular distension on the inner side; the 2nd joint. longer than broad, and slightly sinuous ; the 3rd forming a long, acute, curvate, projecting spine; the 4th is. shorter than the 5th; and the 6th to the 9th are cyathi- form, densely clothed with coarse recumbent sete, the 6th being more elongate than the others, and the terminal joint fusiform. Thus in these antenne the 3rd and 5th joints of other genera are obsolete. The last four joints are also partially retractile at the base and deeply inserted respectively within the apex of each preceding joint, being occasionally expanded to their full extent, thus imparting a versatile character to these organs, both conditions being sometimes exemplified in the same specimen. The thorax is short and. gibbous; the fore wings very elongate, having the post-costal vein widely separated from the costa at its base, but conjoined subsequently, and the cubital vein deflexed on the disc of the wing in a slight outer curve, terminating in an oblong clavate apex. The hind wings have the costa and post-costal vein coalescent and strongly arcuate at the base of the wing, extending obliquely beyond the anterior margin, where terminating in a small tubercle bearing two or three hooklets ; the entire disc of all the wings is inter- spersed with short recumbent sete, and surrounded with a deep marginal fringe. The fore and hind legs are of moderate dimensions, and the intermediate pair slender and elongate. The abdomen is oval, about equal in length to the thorax ; the ovipositor short and setiform, not exceeding one-fourth the length of the former beyond its apex, with the sheaths shorter, robust, and falcate. The remarkable circumstance of the absence of the middle pair of legs in the males has been consistently of new Fig-Insects. 23 maintained in the many specimens which I have examined, otherwise perfect, coupled with an abnormal development of the fore and hind femora, which closely approximate laterally; their antenne, with a central conical joint deeply embedded within the next in succes- sion, are also very peculiar; while the four terminal retractile joints of these ten-jointed organs in the females readily serve to separate this sex from any known genus. KRaDIBIA,* n. g. Mas apterus.: Caput parvum, obcordatum. Oculi plus minusve conglomerati. Mandibule minima, tri- gone, recta linea transverse valde porrecte, apice bidentate, dentibus obtusis. Antenne 6-articulate, glabre ; articulo basali parvo, obtrigono, 2do magno, subovato, latere interno medio dilatato, apice truncato ; 3tio brevi, curvato, dimidio basali constricto; 4to minimo, conico, apice intra 5ti basin profunde inserto; 5to elon- gato, latitudine duplo iongiore, basi apiceque truncato, lateribus subparallelis ; extimo (6to) simili sed breviore, apice conico. Palpi obsoleti. Thorax capite dimidio latior ; pronoto magno, antice rotundato, angulis posticis valde productis, acuminatis; mesonoto semicireulari metanoto longiore, postice late truncato. Pedes antici - breves ; coxis parvis, subquadratis angulis rotundatis ; femoribus maximis, latis; tibiis brevibus, robustis, apice dilatatis, angulis in spinas acutas, incurvas, valde pro- ductis ; tarsis parvis, crassis, biarticulatis, articulo 2do longiore ; unguibus magnis, basi dilatatis, dente brevi utrinque instructis. Pedes intermedw desunt ; appendi- cibus duabus minimis biarticulatis, articulis subrotundis, basali majore, ad mesosternum postice affixis, licet ob- tectis necnon ob exiguitatem vix detegendis, tantum in- dicati. (Tab. IIl., fig. 47). Pedes postici coxis parvis oblongis ; femoribus ut in anticis latis, parum breviori- bus; tibiis longioribus, basi tenuioribus, apice sensim latioribus, truncatis, angulis utrinque bimucronatis, mar- gine externo setis paucis tenuibus, dentibusque obtusis 4 prope apicem, instructis ; tarsis 5-articulatis, articulis 1—4 brevibus, apicali duplo longiore ; unguibus medio- cribus, pulvillis dilatatis. dbdomen basi inflatum, sub- sphericum, segmentis apicalibus tenuibus, elongatis, seepe subter truncum retro deflexis. * xpadn, ficus sylvestris. 24 Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions Femina alata. Corpus parvum. Caput breve, angu- lis anticis prominulis, longitudinaliter late canaliculatum. Oculi ovales, laterales. Ocelli invisi. Mandibule breves, late, apice bidentate, acute, basi subquadrate, appen- dicibus basalibus parvis, transverse striatis, latere in- terno 4-serratis. Antenne 10-articulate ; scapo magno, oblongo, latere interno prominulo, basi apiceque angusti- ore; articulo 2do robusto, curvato; 8tio in spinam elongatam, curvatam, acutem, externe producto; 4to parvo, oblongo; reliquis setis crassis elongatis dense vestitis ; 5to brevi; 6to, 7mo, 8vo, Ino, magnis, cyathi- formibus ; extimo (10mo) fusiformi, setis obtecto ; arti- culis ultimis quatuor nonnunquam valde productis, vel singulis sese in antecedentem retractilibus. Thorax capite dimidio longior, latitudine coequalis; pronoto brevi, antice attenuato, postice incurvato; mesonoto transverso, lato; metanoto longiore, postice rotundato. Pedes antici. validi; coxis elongatis ; femoribus longis, robustis, externe rotundatis, latere interno subrectis ; tibiis brevissimis, curvatis, apice latis, truncatis ; tarsis longis, gracilibus, 5-articulatis; unguibus parvis. Pedes intermedit longi, coxis semicircularibus ; femoribus elon- gatis, tenuibus; tibiis longioribus, gracillimis, apice sensim sed parum latioribus, calcare tenui; tarsis longis, filiformibus, 5-articulatis, unguibus parvis. Pedes pos- tict. coxis robustis, ovatis; femoribus brevibus, vix in- flatis, apice tenuioribus ; tibis brevissimis, apice latiori- bus, truncatis, angulo interno calcaribus duobus validis armatis ; tarsis gracilibus, 5-articulatis, articulo basali longiore ; unguibus mediocribus. Ale omnes disco setis elongatulis recumbentibus sparsim instructe, margini- bus late fimbriatis ; antice longe; vena postcostali, basi valida, cum costa coalita, medio divergente, arcuata ; vena cubitali in discum deflexa, parum externe curvata, clava oblonga, truncata, oblique terminata. Ale postice an- guste, apice subacuminate ; vena postcostali cum costa conjuncta, arcuata, basi valida, prope marginis mediam externe producta, apice tuberculata setisque deflexis paucis brevibus instructa. Abdomen ovale, terebra setiformi, brevi, abdominis quartam partem longitudine vix ecce- dente ; valvulis brevioribus, robustis, arcuatis. of new Fig-Insects. 25 Kradibia cowani, n. s. Mas capite, thorace, pedibusque fulvis, antennis pal- lide flavis, abdomine albido. Femina capite, antennis, thoraceque piceis, pedibus, abdomineque fulvis, alis cinereis, venisfulvescentibus. Long. corp.—mas, 1} mm. ; femina,2mm. Expans. alar, 3} mm. Hab. Cernes insula, Dom. W. D. Cowan cum ficubus communicavit. In Mus. Britannico et nostro. A singlé parasitic species was found in these Mada- gascar figs, whereof I noticed only two examples. They may be easily confounded with the males of Kradibia, being very similar in general appearance ; but they are at once recognisable by their fully-developed inter- mediate legs and other structural characters, being also prominently palpigerous, with conglomerate eyes. They constitute anew species of Sycoscapter, the description of which is hereto appended. . Sycoscapter gibbus, n. s. Characteres e maribus descripti. Fulvescens, apterus, Kradibii mares simulans ; capite elongato, prominulo, basi rotundo ; oculis conglomeratis ; mandibulis crassis, longis, subrectis, apice . obtusis sursum curvatis; palpis maxillaribus longulis, infra prominulis, articulis duobus apicalibus parvulis, extimo seta longa instructo. Antenne structure solite in hoc genere, pallide flave. Ale rudimentariz nulle. Pedes antici robusti, femoribus magnis, subovatis; tibiis brevibus, apice multispinosis ; tarsis 5-articulatis, arti- culis 4 basalibus flavescentibus, brevissimis, latis, oblique compressis, sinuatis, extimo rufo-piceo, magno, elongato, basi tenui, apice lato, rotundato, unguibus, pulvillisque majusculis. Pedes intermedii similes sed minores, cetera ut in anticis. Pedes postici majores, femoribus magnis, ovatis ; tibiis longioribus, curvatis, basi constrictis, apice late truncatis, margine antico latereque externo spinis plurimis validis instructis; tarsis ut in anterioribus sed majoribus, unguibus pulvillisque elongatis. Long. corp. 13 mm. Hab. Cernes insula, cum Kradibia cowani in ficubus ipsis commixti. In Mus. Britannico et nostro. 26 a. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Sir 8. S. Saunders’ descriptions EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE I. . Eupristina masoni, male, magnified. . Retractile apex of abdomen of ditto. . The male, seen laterally, with the abdominal scesitanties extended. . The female, magnified. . The head of ditto, seen laterally. . Mandible of the male. Antenna of ditto. . Fore leg of ditto. . Coxa of the same. . One of the mandibles of the female, seen from below, with its serrate basal appendage and appendiculated serrate lateral lobe. The same, seen obliquely, showing the seven teeth of the lateral lobe, and the eleven teeth of the ae appendage. The same, seen more obliquely. The same, seen transversely, showing the duplex series of teeth. Antenna of the female. Abdomen and ovipositor of ditto. PLATE II. Pleistodontes imperialis, male, with abdomen fully ex- tended, magnified. The female, magnified. Head and prothorax of ditto, seen laterally. Mandible of the male. Antenna of ditto. Upper horizontal section of head of ditto. Lower section of ditto. Fore leg of the male. Mandiblé of the female, with its multiserrate basal appendage seen from below. The same, seen transversely. Antenna of the female. Middle leg of ditto. Hind leg of ditto. Abdomen and ovipositor. The ovipositor, extracted. Fie. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. of new Fig-Insects. OT PLATE III. Kradibia cowani, male, magnified. Ditto, seen laterally. The female, magnified. Head of ditto, seen laterally. Mandible of the male. Antenna of ditto. Mandible of the female, seen from below. Ditto, seen transversely, showing the 5-serrate basal appendage. Antenna of the female, with the terminal joints con- tracted. The five terminal joints of ditto, naturally expanded. Anterior portion of fore wing of the female. Hind wing of ditto. Fore leg of ditto. Middle leg of ditto. Hind leg of ditto. Abdomen and ovipositor of ditto. 46a. Apex of ventral valve. 47. Minute rudiments of middle legs of the male, as found im situ. ; Dap hywnte seLetert ‘ ep oaths ri xa rch. PEA “ae / 5 P - e PUM 4 a ' vali taral*¢ cpheuie iii th ( 29 ) II. Further descriptions of insects infesting figs. By J. O. Westwoop, M.A., F.L.S., &c. [Read October 4th, 1882. ] Puates ITV.—X. THe insects described in the present communication infest the fruit of Ficus Indica in Hindostan, having _ been found at Madras in the months of December, 1856, -7, -8, and -9, by Sir Walter Elliott, who caused a series of magnified figures of several of the species to be made by his native artist, which drawings were placed in my hands by the late Mr. Frederick Smith. The types of these insects are now in. the British Museum, and were described by Mr. F. Walker in his ‘Notes on Chalcidie. Mr. J. Wood-Mason, at Calcutta, also found a number of these parasites in the fruit of the same species of Ficus, which he communicated to Sir Sidney 8. Saunders, who has placed most of them in my hands for investigation and description, which I have now the pleasure of presenting to the HKntomological Society by way of supplement to my two former memoirs on fig-insects, and to those of Sir 8. Saunders. A very unsatisfactory series of descriptions of other fig-insects, by Mr. F. Walker, was published posthu- mously in the ‘Entomologist,’ vol. viii., p. 15; 1875. The paper is entitled ‘‘ Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Parasites belonging to the families Procto- trupide and Chalcidide, which attack insects destructive to the fig in India,” and contains descriptions of Pseudisa (u.g., fam: Dryinoide?), P. smicroides ; Isanisa (n. g., fam. Hurytomide), I. decatomoides; Agrianisa (n. g., fam. Sycophagoide), A. myrmecoides ; Micranisa, n. g. (neither family nor species mentioned) ; -Polanisa, n. g. (allied to Idarnes), P. lutea ; Idarnes orientalis (with the remark that ‘‘the only species hitherto described is a native of the West Indies”) [7. Carme,|} which shows either that Mr. Walker wrote these descriptions before 1871, when he published the fourth part of his ‘ Notes TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART I. (MARCH.) ° 30 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of on Chalcidie,’ or that he had forgotten his descriptions of Idarnes transiens, stabilis, and Pteromaloides, which had appeared in that work; whilst, had he previously written these ‘Entomologist’ descriptions, it is curious that he did not allude to them in his ‘ Notes.’ No collection is named in which the types of these de- scriptions exist, nor is any notice given by whom they were collected, and I am informed that the box in which they were placed has disappeared. Another memoir on fig-insects, by Dr. Paul Mayer, has just appeared in the ‘ Mittheilungen a. d. Zoolog. Station zu Neapel, 1882,’ Heft iv. It extends to forty large 8vo pages, and is accompanied by several plates and woodcuts ; and reference to a memoir by H. Graf zu Solms-Laubach, entitled ‘‘ Die Herkunft, Domestication - und Verbreitung des gewohnlichen Feigenbaums (Ficus carica, L.),” published in the ‘ Abhandlungen Kén. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen,’ 1882, 106 pp. In this memoir (which well deserves transla- tion) Dr. Mayer has dwelt at length on the physiological effect of the presence of the fig-insects in causing capri fication, and has given a list of the twenty-two different species of Ficus and Sycomorus from various parts of the world which have afforded species of these fig- insects. Dr. Mayer’s memoir is terminated by extended de- scriptions and figures of the details of both sexes of | Blastophaga grossorum, Grav. ; of the male of Sycophaga Sycomort (S. crassipes, Westw., olim); and of two other insects which (evidently deceived by the analogy with the sexual differences, of Blastophaga grossorum) he de- scribes (pp. 554 and 564) as the two sexes of one species under the provisional name of Ichnewmon jicarius, Cavo- lini. One of these two insects is a female with a very long exserted ovipositor, and is either identical with or congeneric with Walker’s Idarnes transiens; and the other, a supposed male, is a subapterous insect which, judging from the figures, seems to me to be identical with the female of Sycoscapter insignis described below, insects infesting figs. 31 SPECIES OF INSECTS INFESTING FICUS INDICA. Sycopia, Walker. (‘ Notes on Chalcidie,’ p- 60). Characteres e maribus tantum descripti. Corpus gracile subplanum, fere glabrum. Caput magnum, ob- longo-quadratum lateribus subparalellis, angulis posticis rotundatis, disco subplano; oculis ovalibus, fere in medio laterali positis ; ocellis tribus posticis ; clypeo in medio biimpresso ; antennis basi valde approximatis, in medio clypei insertis ;. capite vix longioribus, articulo 1mo longo, simplici, ad apicem sensim sed paullo. in- crassato; 2ndo fere dimidium articuli lmi equanti; articulis sex sequentibus brevibus, fere equalibus, ultimo (9mo) oblongo-ovato, quasi sed indistincte 3-articulato. Mandibule elongate graciles, falcatz, apice acute bifide. Maxille et labium coalitz carnose porrect, palpis maxillaribus 4-articulatis, articulo 1mo crasso, 2ndo et 3tio cylindricis, ultimo parvo subulato, seta rigida termi- nato; palpis labialibus minutis, ut videtur, exarticulatis, apice seta terminatis. Thorax oblongo-ovalis antice parum angustatum. Pronotum magnum semiovale, sc. subconicum. Scutellum rhomboideum. Metathorax sat magnus. Alz satis magne, antice vena tenui, sub- costali basali, ad apicem cum costa breviter coalite, vena cubitali gracili in discum ale deflexa, apice parum in- crassato ; postice venis obsoletis. Pedes modice elon- gati, forma normali, femoribus anticis et posticis sub- incrassatis ; pedibus intermediis gracilioribus et parum brevioribus; tarsis omnibus 5-articulatis, unguibus crassis pulvillo magno instructis. Abdomen vix thoracis longitudine sed latius, subovale, subdepressum ;_ seg- mento Imo (pedunculo) squamiformi metanoto an- gustiori, subplano, angulis posticis subacute productis, margine postico in medio emarginato ; segmento 2ndo lato, basi biimpresso; genitalia porrecta elongata de- pressa parte basali oblonga, retinaculis duabus, 3 den- tatis, instructa; parte apicali basi angusta, apice dila- tato, caudam piscis simulante, stylis duobus elongatis dorsalibus in tuberculum parvum carnosum terminatis. Variat secundum magnitudinem individuorum magni- tudine mandibulorum. Figura 8 caput individui parvi representat mandibulis clausis et multo brevioribus. 32 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of Typus Sycobia bethyloides, Walker (loc. supra cit... (Pl. IV., figs. 1—8). Lutea, mandibulis fulvis, abdomine fulvo apice pallide testaceo, alis diaphanis venis pallide testaceis. Long. corp. 14—2é lin. Hab. Hindostan. In Ficus Indica, Calcutta; Sir Walter Elliott and J. Wood-Mason. In Mus. Britann. et §. S. Saunders. My description of this insect is made from the type- specimens described by Walker, still in the British Museum; and by the permission of Dr. Gunther, the ’ chief of the Zoological Department, I have been enabled to make a careful microscopical examination thereof, assisted by several other specimens, received by Sir Sidney 8. Saunders from Mr. Wood-Mason, found by him infesting Ficus Indica at Calcutta. This has enabled me to ascertain that the specimens described by Walker as females, provided with an exserted ovipositor, are in fact males, with the genitalia exserted to a con- siderable length, this peculiarity having been observed in all the specimens which I have examined. On comparing my description. with that given by Walker of his misnamed female of Sycobia bethyloides, it will be seen that that author overlooked the ocelli, and has described the exserted male genitalia as ‘‘ oviductus tubiformis, abdominis dimidio zquilongus.” WALKERELLA, 0. &. (Sycobia, ‘‘neuter ? worker ?,” Walker, ‘Notes on Chalcidiz,’ p. 61). Characteres masculini tantum descripti. Corpus parvum breve apterum. Caput magnum depressum transverse ellipticum, angulis rotundatis ; pronoto latius ; oculis parvis lateralibus, margine antico capitis in medio parum depresso. OcelliO. Antenne in medio capitis insert, basi approximate, articulo lmo maximo dila- tato, basi angustato, 2ndo parvo angusto, 3tio subclavato annuliformi, 5 proximis minutis equalibus, ultimo (nono) precedenti paullo majori ovali, et ut videtur exarticulato. Mandibule elongate, porrecte falcate, basi dilatato et denticulato, apice bifide. Trophi reliqui obsoleti. Pro- notum magnum capite angustius transverso-quadratum ; mesonotum exarticulatum ?; transversum ; metanotum insects infesting figs. 38 angustius parum transversum, postice rotundatum. Abdomen angustum, thoracis longitudine, apice geni- talibus stylum gracilem formantibus, prope apicem retinaculis duobus 4 dentatis (cercis apicalibus, Walker), instructis. Pedes satis elongati et graciles, intermedi parum minores, femoribus anticis paullo incrassatis ; tibiis subdilatatis ; tarsis omnibus articulis 5 sat graci- libus instructis. Typus Walkerella temeraria, u.s. (mas). (Pl. IV., figs. 9-—12). (Sycobia bethyloides, ‘‘ neuter? worker ?,” Walker, op. cit., p. 62). Testacea lutea, mandibulis fulvis. Long. corp. 1 lin. Habitat in Fico Indica, Hindostan (Sir W. Elliott). In Mus. Brit. et Hopeiano Oxonie. This male insect, which Walker rashly described as the neuter or worker of Sycobia bethyloides (unmindful of the physiological considerations involved in the adoption of such a term) differs from Sycobia in its apterous con- dition, the structure and place of insertion of the an- tenne, the want of maxille and other inferior parts of the mouth, and the structure of the parts of the thorax. The shape of the head and the position of the an- tenne, with the simple 5-jointed tarsi, will also dis- tinguish this insect from any of the other apterous or subapterous species subsequently to be described in this memoir. SYCOBIELLA, N. g. Characteres e mare descripti. Corpus minutum apterum vel subapterum. Caput magnum, thorace latius angulis anticis obliquis; margine postico capitis in medio emarginato et utrinque in angulum parvum pro- ducto. Oculi laterales triangulares; clypeus vel margo anticus capitis emarginatus. Antenne sublaterales prope marginem internum oculorum insert, articulo Imo maximo, plano, subquadrato, basi extus rotundato, intus profunde inciso ; 2ndo parvo obconico paullo cur- vato, 8tio minuto annuliformi, 4to ad 8vum parvis sub- equalibus, singulo extus incisione parva subapicali notato; 9no ovali vix articulato. Mandibule robuste trigone apice curvato bifido, parte supera apicis supra TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART I. (MARCH.) D 34 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of truncata (quasi dente altero truncato armate). Trophi reliqui obsoleti. Prothorax magnus transversus, planus, lateribus rotundatis; meso- et metathorax brevibus angustioribus. Ale antice (saltem in maribus) rudi- mentariz, prope angulos anticos mesothoracis insert, stylum longitudine pronoti, sensim ad apicem attenu- atum, subarticulatum et longe setigerum, formantes. Pedes breves valde incrassati, tibiis anticis subtrigonis apice spinosis, tarsis brevibus crassis ut videtur 3-articu- latis, articulis duobus basalibus brevissimis ; tibiis in- termediis vix crassitudine dimidium tibiarum anticarum equantibus; tarsis ut videtur 4-articulatis, articulis 3 basalibus brevissimis, pulvillo permagno. Abdomen parvum subovale apice styligero, retinaculis in mari- bus elongatis apice curvalis 3-dentatis. Foemina mihi invisa. Sycobiella Saundersti, n.s. (Pl. V., figs. 13—19). Pallide luteo-fulva ; oculis nigris, mandibulis apice et medio clypei castaneis. Long. corp. fere 2 mm. Habitat in India orientali, Calcutta, in F’. Indica, D. Wood-Mason. In Mus. 8S. 8S. Saunders. The form of the short, strong mandibles, the remark- ably dilated basal joint of the antenne inserted at the sides of the head near the inner margin of the black eyes, and the curious rudimentary pair of alary appen- © dages, distinguish this insect from the other apterous or subapterous fig-insects. Sycoscaprer, S. S. Saunders MSS., n. g. Corpus parvum in utroque sexu, apterum vel sub- apterum. Caput magnum thorace latius et fere ejus- dem magnitudine subconvexum, angulis anticis sub- acutis, et truncatis ; posticis densim rotundatis, margine postico capitis emarginato; lateribus rotundatis parce setosis. Mandibule crasse curvate, porrecte, apice acuto integro, intus prope medium denticulo parvo in- structe, basiextus valde incise. Maxille, salteminfcoemina, parvee, lobo apicali obtuso setoso, basi utrinque laterali- ter, ut videtur, squama oblonga defense ; palpis maxil- laribus 4-articulatis, articulo 2ndo majori, apicali subu- lato seta terminato; mentum obovale, fere longitudine insects infesting figs. 35 maxillarum, palpis labialibus parvis biarticulatis, articu- lis fere equalibus, apice seta longa terminato. Antenne breves, basi valde approximate et in medio antico cly- pei inserte ; articulo 1mo longo, parum incrassato, vix dilatato, 2ndo precedenti dimidio breviori, 3tio minimo annuliformi ; 4to brevi cyathiformi, 5to ejusdem forme at minori, 6to 7mo et 8vo, fere equalibus et precedenti (5to) paullo majoribus, reliquis tribus massam ovalem majorem formantibus. Thorax oblongus subovalis de- pressus. Pronotum magnum angulis anticis rotundatis. Mesonoto et metanoto brevibus, singulo lateribus rotun- datis. Ale antic (in utroque sexu?, certe in feemina) rudi- mentarie, thoracis longitudine, e filamento tenui, cylin- drico multiarticulato formate. Ale postice obsolete. Pedes breves crassi, coxis magnis squamiformibus ; femoribus dilatatis; tibiis crassis clavatis, apicibus acute multi-spinosis, tibiis anticis subtrigonis, inter- mediis ovalibus basi angustioribus, posticis longioribus curvatis extus serie denticulorum circiter 12 armatis. Tarsis omnibus crassis brevibus et 5-articulatis, articulis 4 basalibus brevissimis obliquis, 5to maximo incrassato ; unguibus crassis, basi intus acute dilatatis. Abdomen oblongo-ovatum, postice attenuatum ; genitalibus maris exsertis, retinaculis duobus tridentatis. Sycoscapter insignis, 8. 8. Saunders MSS. (PI. V., figs. 20—29). Totus pallide luteo-fulvus nitidus, capite magis fulvo, mandibulis magis castaneis. Long. corp. circ. 2 mm. Habitat in India orientali, Calcutta, in F’. Indica, D. Wood-Mason. In Mus. Saunders et nostr. The general similarity in form in the two sexes of this insect, the acute apex of the rather short and robust mandibles, pointed at the tips, the existence of maxilla, labium and palpi, at least in the females, the place of insertion and structure of the antenna, the short strong and nearly equal-sized legs, 5-jointed tarsi, and the very remarkable structure of the rudimentary pair of wings, which I have only noticed in the females, attached near the anterior lateral angles of the mesothorax, distinguish this genus from the other apterous or subapterous species of these fig-parasites. 36 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of SYCOSCAPTELLA, N. g. Characteres e mare descripti. Corpus parvum, apterum, depressum. Caput magnum pronoto paullo latius, sub- depressum angulis posticis rotundatis dense setigeris ; oculis sublateralibus reniformibus antice attenuatis ; ocellis 0; antenne capite breviores, basi approximate in medio clypei inserte ; articulo lmo magno depresso subclavato, 2ndo parvo, 3tio fere indistincto, 5 sequenti- bus brevibus, inter se subarcte applicatis, ultimo breviter ovato in medio quasi 2-articulato. Mandibule parve apice acuto integro; palpi distincti, maxillares breves, 4-articulati, articulis duobus intermediis paullo majori- bus. Prothorax magnus subplanus, angulis anticis rotundatis; mesothorax transversus, angulis, anticis paullo lobatis ; metathorax brevis. Ale 0? Abdomen basi latitudine metanoti «quale, lobo medio semiovali antice producto; retinaculis maris elongatis subclavatis tridentatis. Pedes breves crassi, femoribus anticis dila- tatione basali cum trochantere continua; tibiis anticis perbrevibus subtrigonis apice spinigeris, tibiis inter- mediis parum angustioribus; tibiis posticis augustiori- bus spinigeris ; tarsis perbrevibus ut videtur 3-articulatis, articulis duobus basalibus in pedibus anticis extus dila- tatis setas longas nonnullas emittentibus. Sycoscaptella afinis, n.s. (Pl. VI., figs. 30—85). Tota pallide lutea, mandibulis castaneis, pedibus fulvis. Long. corp. 2 mm. Habitat in India orientali, Calcutta, D. Wood-Mason, in F.. Indica. In Mus. 8. 8. Saunders. This insect is closely allied to Sycoscapter in the in- sertion of the antenne closely together in the middle of the clypeus, but the joints of the clava of these organs are continuous and not cyathiform, and the formation of the legs, and especially of the tarsi, differs from that of Sycoscapter. 1 was not able to observe any rudimentary alary appendage in the only specimen I have seen, which has been mounted in Canada balsam by Sir Sidney S. Saunders. insects infesting figs. 37 IDARNELLA, N. g. Idarnes (pars), Walker, ‘ Notes on Chalcidie,’ p. 62. The genus Idarnes was proposed by Walker (Ann. Nat. Hist., xu. 47) for the reception of a minute female chal- cidideous insect from St. Vincent’s, West Indies (J. carme), with extremely long ovipositor and slender body, the palpi being described in that species as biarticulate ; the antenne short and clavate (the number of joints not being indicated), the 1st joint long and thick, the 2nd cyathiform, the 3rd and following very short; the pro- thorax large and transverse; the abdomen as ‘“ longi- ovatum,” with the Ist segment large; the oviduct very long, the vagine being thrice the length of the body ; the femora of the fore and hind legs thick, the middle legs being “‘ graciles.” The type, Idarnes carme, is brassy green, with the abdomen cupreous, antenne black, legs fulvous, eyes and ocelli red, oviduct fulvous, sheaths black. Idarnella transiens,* Walker (op. cit., p. 62). (Pl. VL., figs. 36—42). The species which is represented in the accompany- ing figures inhabits Hindostan and Ceylon, and is distinguished by a rather large head, long slender antenne in both sexes, the basal joint being long and not clavate, the 2nd joint about one-fourth of the length of the preceding, the 8rd small and annular, the four following equal sized, each rather longer than the 2nd, and the 9th, 10th, and 11th forming a long articulated mass, pointed at the tip. The prothorax is rather small and conical. The fore wings have an elongated de- flexed vein. The abdomen of the male is armed with two 3-dentate retinacula, whilst that of the female is term- inated by a long slender cylindrical joint as long as the whole of the preceding portion of the abdomen, and this is succeeded by another still more slender cylindrical joint, from the extremity of which arise the two sheaths of the very elongate ovipositor (thickened at their extremities), the ovipositor itself being extremely slender and hair-like. * The typical specimen of I. carme, in the British Museum, has unfortunately lost its head, 38 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of The following characters of Idarnes, as described by Walker, seem sufficient to separate this insect generically from the type of the genus, J. carme (for the former of which I propose the name of Idarnella). The antenne are clavate, 10-jointed, the 1st and 2nd joints long and slender, the 8rd and following short and transverse ; the prothorax elongate-conical ; the abdomen lanceolate, a little longer than the thorax ; oviduct setose, much more than twice the length of the body, tubiform, and like the body in colour towards the base; sheaths black, and with the usual structure from thence to the tip, the tubi- form part as long as the abdomen. Legs short, stout; coxe long; fore femora incrassated, four posterior femora slightly incrassated; tibie with two apical spines.* Idarnes stabilis, Walker (op. cit., p. 62), also reared from Ficus Indica by Sir W. Elliott, is described by Walker as golden green, much like J. transiens in struc- ture, with the sheaths of the oviduct black, thrice the length of the body, with the usual structure, not tubi- form towards the base. I presume from the latter character that J. stabilis agrees with I. carme generically. Idarnes pteromaloides, Walker (op. cit., p. 68), also infesting Ficus Indica and discovered by Sir W. Elliott, is described as golden green, with 9-jointed ? subclavate antenne, inserted near the mouth, with the club fusi- form, longer than the two preceding joints together ; the prothorax somewhat elongate; the mesothorax rather small, with the sutures of the parapsides indistinct ; the abdomen convex, with four segments a little longer, broader, and deeper than the thorax, terminating in a lanceolate black tube, which is about one-sixth of the whole length. Wings pellucid; veins very pale yel- lowish ; ulna much shorter than the humerus; radius shorter than the ulna, cubitus shorter than the radius, descending abruptly to the disk; stigma small. It has not the long oviduct which distinguishes the other species of the genus, which character alone, in my opinion, sufficiently separates it generically from the * I. transiens, foem.—‘ Lutescens, caput transversum ; antenne fusce, 10-articulate basi pallide flave; prothorax longi-conicus petiolus brevissimus ; abdomen lanceolatum, thorace paullo longius ; oviductus corpore plus duplo longior, basi tubiformis ; femora sub- incrassata ; ale diaphane venis pallide flavis.” Long. corp. 1 lin, insects infesting figs. 39 other Idarnes, as well as Idarnella; but it possesses other characters, not noticed by Walker, which will be described and figured in a future paper, in which also detailed de- scriptions and figures of Sycophila megastigmoides and decatomoides (Walker, op. cit., p. 64), also found by Sir W. Elliott infesting Ficus Indica, will be given. SPECIES OF INSECTS INFESTING THE SEEDS OF FICUS RELIGIOSA IN CEYLON. I am indebted to the great care and attention bestowed on the investigation of the species of hymenopterous parasites infesting the seeds of figs of various kinds in Ceylon by the late Dr. G. H. K. Thwaites, of the Botanic Gardens at Paradenyia, and by J. Stainforth Green, Esq., of Colombo, for specimens of a great number of distinct species preserved both in spirits of wine and mounted in Canada balsam. The species of figs observed to be infested with these little parasites in Ceylon are—1, Ficus (Urostigma) religiosa, Linn. ; 2, F’. asperrima, Keenig. ; 3, F’. (Covellia) glomerata, Willd.; 4, F. (Urostigma) laccifera, Roxb. ; 5, F. (Urostigma) Tyiela, Roxb. ; 6, F. (Urostigma) My- soriensis, Roxb.; 7, F’. (Urostigma) infectoria, Willd.; 8, F. parasitica, Kenig; 9, F’. (Covellia) oppositifolia, Willd. ; 10, F. heterophylla, Roxb.; 11, F. Wightiana; 12, F. modesta ; and 18, F’. cinerascens. As the fruit of most of these species of Ficus is infested with a number of distinct parasites of very minute size, often under a line in length, their micro- scopical investigation will occupy considerable time, and must form the subjects of partial publication from time to time. On the present occasion I describe some of those infesting Ficus religiosa :— OTITESELLA, 0. g. Characteres masculini descripti. Corpus minutum subdepressum subapterum. Caput oblongum parum convexum, angulis posticis rotundatis, margine antice in lobos duos rotundos supra basin mandibularum por- recto. Oculi laterales versus angulos anticos capitis positi. Ocelli 0. Mandibule magne porrecte, fere 40 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of capitis longitudine, apice acuto curvato et supra denticulo truncato instructo; margine interno mandibularum dente latiori truncato pone medium armato. Maxille et labium ut videtur obsoleta. Antenne longiores in medio partis postice capitis inserte, articulo Imo magno ovali compresso, 2ndo mediocri (annuli pone 2um obso- leti), 5 sequentibus parvis fere equalibus, ultimo fere 2di magnitudine, ovali, ut videtur ex annulis tribus (2us apicalibus minutis) formato. Thorax oblongo-quadratus, prothorace magno, mesothorace transverso, versus angu- los anticos utrinque ala rudimentaria instructo. Pedes valde robusti, omnibus subequalibus, femoribus magnis ovalibus compressis ; tibiis robustis, anticis apice spini- geris; posticis 4 extus rotundato-dilatatis ; apice interno calcaratis ; tarsis magnis articulis tribus brevissimis, 4to apicali maximo, unguibus robustis basi dilatatis. Abdo- men basi metanoti latitudine, apice attenuato, genitalibus utrinque retinacula denticulata armatis. The general form of the body in this genus closely resembles that of the males of Sycoscapter, but the structure of the mandibles, the position of the antenne, and the form of the alary rudiments and tarsi separate it from the other subapterous groups of fig-insects. Otitesella digitata, n.s. (Pl. VIL., figs. 483—51). Mas. ‘Tota fulva; mandibulis margine interno in medio rotundato emarginatis, tarsis omnibus articulo 4to maximo ovali et in pedibus 4 posticis nigro, retina- culis 4 denticulatis; alis rudimentalibus e stylo tenui biarticulato apice longe-setigero et vix mesonoto longiori formatis. Long. corp. circ. 2 mm. Habitat in F. religiosa, in insula Tabrobana (DD. Thwaites et J. Stainforth Green), In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie. The singularly dilated large-sized terminal joint of the tarsi and alary appendages distinguish this species from every other known hymenopterous insect. Otitesella religiosa, n.s. (Pl. VII., figs. 52—57). Mas. Parva. Tota luteo-fulva ; subaptera, capite sub- quadrato, angulis anticis et posticis rotundatis ; pronoto transverso, breviori, subquadrato, angulis posticis setis nonnullis longis instructis; alis duabus rudimentariis ‘ _ EE insects infesting figs. 41 longitudine pronoti, e filamento tenui cylindrico 6-articu- lato formatis, articulis 4 ultimis seta longa extus in- structis; abdomine basi metanoto angustiori; pedibus brevibus, robustis, tarsorum articulis tribus basalibus brevibus, ultimo crasso, subclavato ; mandibulis robustis, porrectis apice acutis, extus ante apicem dente truncato instructis ; margine interno in medio in lobum latum planum intus dilatato ; retinaculis latis 5 dentatis. Long. corp. circ. 2 mm. Habitat in F’. religiosa, in insula Taprobana (DD. Thwaites et J. Stainforth Green). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie. Sycoscapter monilifer, n.s. (Pl. VIII., figs. 58—62). Totus luteo-fulvus. Apterus, capite magno subquad- rato, antice paullo angustiore, angulis anticis recte truncatis, posticis rotundatis et pronoto parum latioribus ; lateribus serie tuberculorum 16 parvorum singulo seta instructo ; antennis parvis in medio clypei basi approxi- matis; articulo lmo magno clavato, 2ndo fere dimidium longitudine primi equanti, 3tio cyathiformi intus paullo extenso, 4to minuto, 5to, 6to, et 7mo parvis equalibus, reliquis massam ovalem exarticulatam ? formantibus ; oculis lateralibus versus angulos anticos capitis positis : mandibulis porrectis mediocribus apice integro acuto ; dente truncato sub apicem armatis; margine interno parum curvato, denteque basali instructis (maxillis labio palpisque haud observatis). Prothorace semiovali, angu- lis anticis rotundatis, capite parum angustiori angulis posticis subacutis, singulo seta valida porrecta instructo ; alarum rudimentis non detectis; abdomine attenuato, thorace breviori, apice in stylum tenuem terminato, reti- naculis non detectis ; pedibus satis robustis ; tibiis pos- ticis apice parum clavatis, tarsis gracilibus 5-articulatis articulo Imo elongato, subtus apice parum dilatato setoso, pedibus intermediis femoribus tibiisque crassi- oribus. De sexu nihil constat. Long. corp. circ. 2 mm. Habitat in F’. religiosa, in insula Taprobana. (DD. Thwaites et J. 8. Green). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz. Sycoscapter gracilipes, n.s. (Pl. VIIL., figs. 683—66). Mas. Precedenti valde similis, totus luteo-fulvus, differt capite angulis anticis rotundatis, mandibulis fal- catis apice acuto denteque oblique truncato sub apicem 42 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of armatis, maxillis labio palpisque, ut videtur, obsoletis ; pronoto angulis posticis seta porrecta instructis ; meso- noto absque rudimentis alarum; abdomine thorace minori, apice attenuato ; genitalibus retinaculis 2, 4-den- ticulatis armatis ; pedibus subelongatis tarsis simplicibus 5-articulatis, articulo Imo in pedibus posticis tribus sequentibus simul sumptis fere eque-longo; an mas speciei precedentis ? Long. corp. fere 2 mm. Habitat in F’. religiosa, in insula Taprobana. (DD. Thwaites et J. S.Green). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie. Sycoscaptella ? anguliceps, n.s. (Pl. IX., figs. 67—75). Mas. Minuta, luteo-fulva; capite oblongo-quadrato, lateribus parallelis setis tribus longis instructis, margine antico fere recto angulis anticis rotundatis, posticis in angulum parvum extus porrectum productis; oculis versus angulos anticos positis ; antennis parvis, basi in medio clypei approximatis ; articulo 1mo elongato apice incrassato, 2ndo ovali (annulis sequentibus haud de- tectis) articulis 5 proximis parvis 2ndo minoribus, ultimo (Svo) ovali integro; mandibulis parvis falcatis apice acutis integris, maxillis labio et palpis, ut videtur, obso- letis ; thorace oblongo, aptero, prothorace magno, meso- et meta-thorace majori, abdomine postice attenuato, geni- talibus retinaculis 2us angustis curvatis armatis ; pedibus mediocribus, tarsis 5-articulatis, pedum 4 anticorum articulis simplicibus, tribus basalibus, in anticis brevissi- mis, in intermediis brevibus, 5to longitudine precedenti- bus simul sumptis «quali, unguibus crassis basi dila- tatis; tibiis pedum posticorum calcari longo apicali tar- sisque difformibus et ut videtur 5-articulatis, articulo 1lmo oblongo subtus serie duplici spinarum parvarum, setaque longissima apicali armato, articulo 2ndo parvo sub apicem precedentis abscondito, 8tio minuto, 4to brevi setis circiter 4 longissimis apicalibus instructo, articulo ultimo crasso oblongo ovato, unguibus basi dilatatis pulvilloque ordinario armatis. Long. cire. 2 mm. Habitat in F. religiosa, in insula Taprobana (DD. Thwaites et J. S. Green). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie. In addition to the preceding species of fig-insects in- festing Ficus religiosa, I have received the following additional species, parasitic on the same plant, which will require description ;— insects infesting figs. : 43 1. Both sexes of a species of Blastophaga, of which the antenne of the female are strongly clavate with the terminal joints armed with very strong compressed bristles. 2. A female Idarnella of comparatively large size ; two individuals of a green colour, and one fulvous. 8, 4. Females of two species (Idarnes ?) with ovi- positors much longer than the body, and of the ordinary structure ; oné pitchy coloured on the back, with the legs and under side pale yellow; the other rather larger, pale yellow, with the abdomen banded with dark brown, and the outer sheath of the ovipositor setose throughout its whole length. 5. A large fulvous-winged female, like an Hwrytoma, with unspotted wings. 6. Asmall, winged, brassy-green, polished species, with the ovipositor not exserted. 7. The winged male of a very small fulvous species, with large black eyes, possibly the male of an Idarnes or Idarnella. I add to the preceding descriptions of species infesting the seeds of Ficus Indica and religiosa the description of another species which infests Ficus asperrima in Ceylon, and which seems to be identical with the male insect de- scribed by Dr. P. Mayer as the male of Ichnewmon ficarius (Mitth. d. Zool. Station z. Neapel, vol. ii1., pl. xxv., fig. 2; and pl. xxvi., figs. 1, 2, 6 and 8), but which has no relationship with the insect figured by him as the Ichnewmon ficarius female, which is an Idarnella ; whereas the present insect appears to belong to my genus Sycoscaptella, and is remarkable for possessing four rudi- mentary alary appendages. Sycoscaptella ? 4-setosa, n.s. (Pl. X., figs. 76—85). Fulva, nitida, subconvexa, capite saturatiore, abdomine albido, mandibulis apice acutis integris, intus obtuse dentatis; capite subquadrato antice parum angustiori angulis posticis rotundatis (inde subcordato) setis longis instructis; clypeo in medio supra profunde impresso genis infra in medio in tubercula duo porrecta, maxillis minutis labioque cum palpis inter tubercula affixis, maxillarum lobo apicali setoso, palpis maxillaribus 4- articulatis, articulo basali longiori, palpis labialibus 44 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions oy minutis biarticulatis: antennis parvis, ut videtur 8- articulatis, annulis inter 2um et 3um articulos et articu- lis ? in ultimo haud computatis : prothorace magno antice rotundato fere magnitudine capitis, setis paucis longis lateralibus instructis ; mesothorace et metathorace per- brevibus, singulo filamentis duobus (alis rudimentalibus) instructis, latitudinem thoracis longitudine equantibus, setosis et, ut videtur, multiarticulatis; pedibus per- brevibus incrassatis spinigeris; tarsis pedum anticorum brevissimis articulis basalibus arcte coalitis; pedum intermediorum 4-articulatis, articulis 3 basalibus brevi- bus at simplicibus, 4to parvo clavato; tarsis pedum pos- ticorum difformibus, articulo basali longiori subtus in lobum producto, articulis 2 vel 3 ? minimis, ultimo elon- gato clavato; unguibus omnibus crassis basi dilatatis ; abdomine thorace minori et angustiori segmentis apicali- bus attenuatis, genitalibus exsertis, retinaculis duobus, apice 3-dentatis, lobis duobus membranaceis apice seta instructis, pene gracili curvato. Long. corp. maris circiter 1} mm. Habitat in F’. asperrima, in insula Taprobana. (DD. Thwaites et J. S. Green). In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz. I also add, by way of further illustration of the fig- insects, a figure of— Palmon (Pachytomus) Klugianus. (Pl. X., figs. 86—88). Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., vol. iv., p. 260; pl. 10 fig. 238, with details. “ Ex ficubus Aigypti,” a specimen of which was kindly communicated to me by the late Dr. Klug. I do not know the species of Ficus which it infests, and am not acquainted with the female, which has probably an elon- gated, exserted ovipositor. Respecting this insect Dr. Paul Mayer observes :— “G. Mayr giebt an (Die europdischen Torymiden, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., 1874, xxiv., p. 68 Anm.) die Merkmale von Pachytomus nach Westwood (Trans. Ent. Soc., iv., p. 260) passen auf die g von Podagrion, Spin. und hochst wahrscheinlich seien die in Feigen gefundenen Exemplare in dieselben nur eingedrungen, um Zucker zu lecken (op. cit., p. 581, note 3). insects infesting figs. EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE IV. . Sycobia bethyloides, magnified. . Mandible of ditto. . Maxillary and labial palpi of ditto. . Front of clypeus and antenna of ditto. . Extremity of hind leg of ditto. . Extremity of the male genitalia of ditto, with the retinacula seen obliquely. . One of the retinacula of ditto, seen flat. . Head of a smaller male specimen of ditto, with smaller mandibles. . Walkerella temeraria, magnified. . Extremity of mandibles of ditto. . Antenna of male. . Extremity of the male genitalia of ditto. PLATE V. . Sycobiella Saundersii, male, magnified. . Mandible of ditto. . Antenna of ditto. . Alary appendage of ditto. . Fore leg of ditto. . Tarsi of intermediate legs of ditto. . Extremity of the male genitalia of ditto. . Sycoscapter insignis, male, magnified. . Mandible of ditto. . Maxille, labium, and palpi of ditto. . Antenna of ditto, with several detached joints. . Part of the middle of one of the rudimentary wings of ditto. . Fore leg of ditto. . Hind leg of ditto. . Metathorax and abdomen of the male, with the terminal parts withdrawn. . Male genitalia of ditto, exserted. . Extremity of ditto, with the retinacula. 45 46 Prof. Westwood’s further descriptions of PLATE VI. Fic. 30. Head of Sycoscaptella affinis, male. 31. Mandibles and maxillary palpi of ditto. 32. Antenna of ditto. 33. Fore leg of ditto. 34. Hind leg of ditto. 35. Extremity of male abdomen of ditto. 36. Idarnella transiens, male. 37. “3 js female. 38. Antenna of male I. transiens. 39. 55 female 5 40. Stigmal portion of wing of female ditto. 41. Hind leg of male ditto. 42. Extremity of abdomen of male ditto. PLATE VII. 43. Otitesella digitata, magnified. 44, Mandible of ditto. 45. Antenna of ditto. 46. Extremity of second and the following joint of antenna. 47. Alary appendages of mesothorax of ditto. 48. Extremity of fore leg of ditto. 49. Tibia and tarsus of intermediate leg of ditto. 50. Tibia and tarsus of hind leg of ditto. 51. Genitalia of male O. digitata. 52. Otitesella religiosa, magnified. 53. Mandibles of ditto. 54. Extremity of basal and terminal joints of antenna. 55. Alary appendage of mesothorax of ditto. 56. Tarsus of intermediate leg of ditto. 57. Genitalia of male O. religiosa. PLATE VIII. 58. Sycoscapter monilifer, magnified. 59. Right side of the head, mandibles, and antenna of ditto. 60. Extremity of fore tibia and tarsus of ditto. 61. $3 middle tibia and tarsus of ditto. 62. re hind tibia and tarsus of ditto. 63. Sycoscapter gracilipes, magnified. 64. Front of head, mandibles, and antenna of ditto. 65. Hind tarsus of ditto. 66. One of the retinacula of male ditto. Fic. 67. 68. 69. 70. 1. insects infesting figs. 47 PLATE IX. Sycoscaptella ? anguliceps, magnified. Right side of head, mandibles, and antenna of ditto. Mandibles of ditto, seen from beneath. Fore tarsus of ditto. Middle tarsus of ditto. 72, 73, 74. Hind tarsus of ditto, in different positions. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. Genitalia of male ditto. PLATE X. Sycoscaptella quadrisetosa, magnified. Front of under side of the head, showing the porrected tubercles, between which the maxille and labium are inserted. Outer lobe of one of the maxille, one of the maxillary palpi, and the two labial palpi of ditto. Mandibles and bilobed under side of head of ditto. Antenna of ditto. Extremity of prothorax, mesothorax, and base of meta- thorax, of one side of the thorax, showing the two rudimentary winglets. Extremity of the anterior tibia of ditto. Intermediate tibia and tarsus of ditto. Hind leg of ditto. Genitalia of male. Palmon (Pachytomus) Klugianus, magnified. Part of front margin of fore wing of ditto. Fore leg of ditto. eT ie) aa Ai Var MedNet sete (49) ») III. Heterocerous Lepidoptera collected im Chili by Thomas Edmonds, Esq. By Arruur G. Buruer, FLib.,) BYA.8.,: &e. [Read November 1st, 1882. | Puate XI. PART IV.—PYRALES anv MICROS. THe collection of these groups, although less perfect than in the other tribes, consists of not less than seventy species. In Berg’s paper on Patagonian Lepidoptera an effort has been made to identify two or three of Blanchard’s genera, but, apart from the imperfection of the figures and descriptions in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’ it was im- probable that the genera would be invariably correctly identified among species taken in Patagonia; and, although I labour under a similar difficulty when trying to recognise in Berg’s paper identifications of Chilan species, [ nevertheless have better descriptions to work with. After a careful examination of Berg’s descriptions I have been unable to recognise any of his new species as indubitably conspecific with Chilian forms; the only moths which seem to be probably identical are what I regard as Depressaria desertorum and a small Gelechia. With respect to Blanchard’s genera, recorded and in part redescribed by Berg, I have a few words to say: Phycopterus, Blanch., is a genus closely allied to Spilodes, having palpi considerably longer than the head; it has no connection whatever with Nymphula.* Lindera is identical with Setomorpha of Zeller = Chrestotes, Butler, both of which it will supersede: it appears to me that ‘Berg has rightly identified this genus, which evidently has an unusually wide range. With reference to some of Zeller’s species, it is to be regretted that they were described from single examples, * The figure, though not bad in outline, is very imperfect as regards markings. TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PART I. (MARCH.) E 50 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera but at the same time his descriptions and figures are so good as to leave little to be desired on that head: one thing alone troubles me, and that is the marvellous elasticity of his genus Cryptolechia, which, as it now stands, appears to combine the characters of Depressaria, Hypercallia, and not a few undescribed (though surely sufficiently distinct) genera. Iam aware that the genus is divided by its author into groups, to some of which he has given distinctive names, thus introducing a tri- nomial system; but, with all due deference to an author who has paid considerably more attention to Micro- Lepidoptera than it has been possible for me to do, it would, I think, be decidedly preferable to raise these groups to the rank of genera: the characters given to distinguish typical Cryptolechia from Machimia do not seem to be strictly adhered to, for if ‘ Wicklergestalt und scharfer Vorderflugelspitze’ represent the prominent characteristics of Cryptolechia, C. tortricella should be referred to Machimia, and C. ochracea and fasciatipedella to Cryptolechia ; as for C. fenestella, | cannot see why it should be separated from Hypercallia, with which, in spite of its more slender and longer palpi and narrower wings, it agrees fairly well in neuration and style of coloration; in pattern and form of wing it comes nearer to Walker’s H. igniferella than to H. citrinalis. Following Professor Zeller’s own definition, which corresponds with his original description in referring the species having the apex of the primaries acute to Crypto- lechia,* I transfer C. ochracea and fasciatipedella to this genus. The apex of the wing is not only acute, but subfaleate, whereas the type of Machimia, according to Stainton, has ‘‘the hind margin obliquely pointed.” Unhappily we do not possess an example of M. tentori- feyella, but the C. carnea of Zeller, and other species referred by this author to Machima, show no trace of faleation; C. notimacula has, moreover, a rounded apex and paipi sufficiently characteristic to distinguish it from either genus, though bringing it nearer to Tortricopsis ; in my opinion it would be better located under Stenoma, some of the species of which genus show a similar form of wing and style of coloration ; the remarkable palpi, however (see Zeller’s figure), which somewhat closely * See Lord Walsingham’s observations on the genus in Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1881, pp. 253-4. collected in Chili. Bal agree with those of Walker’s Indian genus Binsitta, make it necessary to separate it. I shall therefore propose for this species the generic name of Call- stenoma. -(See Pl. XI., figs. 8, 8a). C. renselariana of Cramer was referred by Walker, with hesitation, to his genus Torda; unhappily the type of the latter genus is one of those singular Deltoid-like Tortricide with a little open ear-like pouch at the base of the primaries. T’. altana, propriana, and concolorana are species of the allied genus Uzeda = Auchoteles of Zeller ; it will, therefore, be impossible to use the name Torda for Zeller’s fifth division of Cryptolechia. Mr. Edmonds’ collection contains no Galeriide. With one exception (Schistotheca canescens, Ragonot), I know of no other species from Chili, the Oratha signijicata of Walker, placed by that author.in this family, being a Geometer and identical with Alsophila hypparia, female, of Felder and Rogenhofer, which it will supersede. PYRALIDA. BurpHarocervs, Blanchard. A genus closely allied to Zitha of Walker. 1. Blepharocerus rosellus.* Blepharocerus rosellus, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’ vii., p. 102, n. 1; pl. 7, fig. 12 (1852). ‘Las Zorras, in March.”—T'. E. AcTENIA, Gruenée. 2. Actenia rubescens, n. 8. Primaries above sericeous flesh-brown, crossed in the middle by two pale-bordered parallel dusky stripes, which enclose the central area ; they are nearly straight from costal margin to submedian vein, where they are abruptly elbowed; a marginal blackish line; fringe creamy yellowish, traversed by two brown lines; secondaries of male creamy yellowish, feebly and minutely grey-speckled, of the female shining greyish white ; a marginal series of subconfluent black spots; fringe traversed by a dusky line, reddish brown in the * Blanchard’s figure omits the inner band across the primaries, and the abbreviated dusky arched stripe, greyish tint, subconfluent blackish marginal dots, and the line on the fringe of secondaries. 52 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera male, grey in the female; thorax flesh-coloured ; abdo- men of the male whitish, with reddish anal tuft, of the female greyish; primaries below more or less suffused with blackish grey; the central stripes only distinct at costa, where they are represented by whitish-bordered black dashes; secondaries shining whitish, brownish along costal and external borders; an abbreviated black stripe from the costa to the end of the cell; margin and fringe as above; body below reddish in the male, eevee in the female ; tarsi white. Expanse of wings, 6 mm. ‘“‘ Valparaiso, November and December.”—T. E. This species was placed with Godara chilensis. APORODES, Guenée. 3. Aporodes efficitalis. Herbula ? efficitalis, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., Suppl. 4, p- 1287 (1865). “Valparaiso, in December.” —T. E. Walker believed the type of this species to be from New York, and I find a label to that effect in the col- lection ; but itis just as likely that the example was from Chili; it is allied to A. subsequalis of Guenée. ENNYCHIIDA. RwopariA, Guenée. 4. Rhodaria chilialis. Pyralis chilialis, Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise der Fregatte Novara, iv., pl. cxxxiv, fig. 30 (1875). ‘Valparaiso, October and November.”—T. E. 5. Rhodaria purpuraria, i. s. Allied-to R. chilialis; primaries above deep ferru- ginous, irrorated with blackish, the fringe traversed by a deep rose-coloured stripe with lilac inner and green outer edge; a narrow oblique white stripe just before the external third, and slightly inarched towards the inner margin; secondaries fuliginous ; the basal half pale and. somewhat ochraceous, a narrow ochreous stripe just beyond it ; fringe shining pearl-grey, tipped with whitish collected in Chili. 53 and traversed by an indistinct ochreous line; body ereyish ochreous, the tegule reddish on the shoulders ; primaries below sericeous blackish grey, with the costal and external borders and an imperfect discal stripe reddish clay-coloured ; fringe almost covered by a broad ereyish band; secondaries yellowish clay-coloured, crossed by two subparallel blackish stripes; fringe greyish, shining; body pale testaceous; legs whitish. Expanse of wings, 23 mm. ** Chillan, near the town, in March.”—T. E. Only one example obtained. BOTIDIDA. OROBENA, Guenée. 6. Orobena mitis, n. s. Primaries above whitish cinereous, the costal border slightly blackish, a black-brown stripe across the basal third, inangled from the median vein; discoidal spots blackish, the reniform large, and with or without a white dash upon it ; the post-median stripe pure white, widely sinuous (geschwungen), with slender black inner edging and a broad dark brown outer border; a submarginal series of black dots, followed by a dusky sinuated. line ; fringe whitish, traversed by a dusky stripe ; secondaries shining whity-brown, almost golden; suffused with pale erey, crossed beyond the middle by an abbreviated angular blackish line, followed by a blackish streak ; submarginal spots, marginal line, and fringe as in the primaries ; body ash-grey ; under surface greyish white, with pale gold reflections, the borders of primaries and the secondaries whiter than the remainder of the surface; blackish disco-cellular lunules ; black submarginal dots ; marginal line and fringe as above; a pale-bordered irregular dusky discal line ; body sreyish white. ee of wings, 26 mm. ‘“‘Valparaiso, September, October, and November.” — T. HE. . Allied to O. sophialis, but very distinct. Puycorterus, Blanchard. Allied to Spilodes, but differing in the forking of the subcostal veins of all the wings. 54 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 7. Phycopterus flavellus. (Pl. X1., fig. 1). Phycopterus flavellus, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’ vil., p. 103, n. 1 (1852). ‘Corral, in February ; among Quilo.”—T’. E. This species is not unlike Spilodes turbidalis, but the oblique apical dash on the primaries is sharply defined, and the secondaries only show a single indistinct arched greyish line. 8. Phycopterus signariellus. (Pl. X1., fig.-2). Phycopterus signariellus, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’ vii., p. 108, n. 2; pl. 7, fig. 18 (1852). ‘Corral, in February.”—T. EH. This species has golden testaceous primaries, the markings upon which are more or less distinct and of a dull rose-colour, not brownish; the secondaries are eream-coloured, with a pale rose-coloured angular line beyond the middle; a marginal series of red-brown liture and a series of blackish dots on the fringe. I believe, notwithstanding the want of exactness in his de- scription, that | am right in regarding this as Blanchard’s species, and that it has nothing to do with M. Guenée’s Nymphula rantalis. Scopuna, Schranck. 9. Scopula anitina, n. 8. Closely allied to S. fulvalis of Europe, with the same colours, but the lines across the primaries above much more slender ; the secondaries whiter, and consequently with more distinct abbreviated grey discal line; pri- maries of the female clouded like S. quadralis ; primaries below with the apical costal black spots larger, but the marginal spots smaller; the secondaries traversed by a well-defined, arched grey discal stripe. Hxpanse of wings, 22 mm. ‘“‘ Valparaiso, September and October.”—T". E. 10. Scopula cinerea, n. 8. Possibly a variety of the preceding species, but closely resembling S. inquinatalis of Hurope. from which it differs in the larger and blacker costal spots on the collected in Chili. 55 primaries on both surfaces; the fringe of all the wings distinctly spotted with black on the under surface ; the discal stripe on the under surface of primaries straight, black; the entire surface of these wings darker, the discal stripe of secondaries further down the outer margin; the discoidal cell of the same wings shorter and broader, and the palpi longer. Expanse of wings, 23 mm. “ Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. E. 11. Scopula indistincta, n. 8. Form and general whitish tint of S. decrepitalis, much smaller; primaries above pale stramineous, with the discoidal spots blackish ; the upper portion of the discal line represented by a straight transverse series of black dots running from the fourth black costal spot to the second median branch ; the lower portion is only repre- sented by a few black scales between the end of the cell and the inner margin; the subbasal line is very oblique and represented by four black dots; the marginal dots are small; fringe blackish grey ; secondaries with an . imperfect discal grey stripe parallel to the outer margin, followed by a submarginal series of rather large grey spots and a marginal series of black dots; fringe grey at the base; body white ; primaries below pale strami- neous as above, the markings rather more distinct ; secondaries white, with the borders slightly yellowish ; the usual black markings, but the discal line slender ; body below stramineous ; venter with lateral series of black dots. Expanse of wings, 20 mm. “‘ Valparaiso, in July.—T’. E. S. indistincta somewhat resembles Duponchel’s figure of Ebulea fimbriatalis. 12. Scopula melanosticta, 0. 8. Form and pattern above of S. prunalis, but white, the primaries slightly tinted with stramineous, the discoidal spots black; the usual lines indistinct, the external border greyish brown, with a submarginal series of blackish spots; the usual black marginal dots; fringe blackish ; secondaries with brownish external border ; the usual black dots at the end of the cell and along the 56 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera outer margin; fringe white, traversed by a grey line; body above pale testaceous; primaries below greyish, the discoidal spots not so black as above ; other markings much as usual; secondaries shining white, the costal and external borders slightly tinted with stramineous ; black markings as usual; pectus white ; legs and venter slightly tinted with brown. Expanse of wings, 22mm. Valparaiso ? The single example was not numbered. Nympuuta, Schranck. 13. Nymphula numeralis ? Pyralis numeralis, Hubner, Samml. Hur. Schmett., Pyr., pl. 14, fig. 89. “‘ Valparaiso, in April.” —T. E. Whether this is actually Hubner’s insect or not I am unable to decide, as we do not possess the species: it much resembles Duponchel’s figures; that of Herrich- Schaffer is entirely obliterated by the white-lead which has been laid on thickly by the artist, and has turned perfectly black. The Chilian species is certainly con- generic with N. interpunctalis. Gopara, Walker. Allied to Pionea, but the males ‘with a reflexed tuft near the base of the costa.” The Chilian species is more like Cledeolia than Pionea in colouring. Zeller’s type appears to have had the tufts either rubbed off or so closely appressed to the wing as to be regarded as merely black spots ; they are capable of being thrown forwards so as to appear like a black process projecting from the costal margin. - 14. Godara chilensis. Stemmatophora chilensis, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-botan. Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 426 (1874). “Valparaiso, November and December.” —T". E. Two males were placed with Actenia rubescens, which they somewhat resemble in coloration, collected in Chili. 57 SCOPARIIDA. Stenoprycua, Zeller. This genus, In my opinion, should be placed near to both Agathodes and Stenopteryx, notwithstanding the more simple neuration of the decidedly narrower secondaries ; the structure of the head seems to me to be decidedly opposed to its location in the Pterophoride. 15. Stenoptycha zelleri, n. 8. Nearest to S. lindigi of Felder and Rogenhofer ; pri- maries reddish brown ; the apical third darker, bounded internally by an irregularly curved ‘‘reniform”’ spot and a chocolate-brown spot below it ; orbicular large, greyish, black-edged, but partly obliterated by a longitudinal semitransparent streak running through the radial inter- spaces and the discoidal cell; an ill-defined red-brown spot below the orbicular, and one or two angular blackish costal dashes nearer to the base ; a slightly zigzag dusky discal line with yellow external edge ; a marginal black stripe with whitish inner edge; fringe white, traversed by two black lines; secondaries pearl-white, semi- transparent ; disco-cellulars, a sinuous subapical streak, and a submarginal streak, greyish ; a blackish marginal stripe ; fringe traversed by a blackish line ; body grey, spotted with red-brown ; wings below pearl-white, almost silvery, markings indistinct; body below chocolate- brown ; legs with white tibiz and tarsi, barred with brown at the extremities of the joints. Hxpanse of wings, 28—32 mm. “Las Zorras, December and January.’—T. E. The wings are thrown backwards in repose, the pri- maries curving, and the secondaries folding over some- what like a fan, so that the abdominal and external margins form a continuous spiral line; they have no upward tendency: the head is almost as large as in Stenopteryx, owing to the prominence and size of the eyes and the somewhat large and projecting palpi; the antenne are, however, longer than in that genus. In the secondaries the discoidal cell is long and large, more so than in Stenopteryx, in which respect it differs widely from the Pterophoride, in which it is decidedly small. 58 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera STENOPTERYX, Guenée. 16. Stenopteryx hybridalis. Pyralis hybridalis, Hubner, Pyral., pl. 17, fig. 114. Nee Saar all through spring, summer, andautumn.” = = . Ms Five examples of this common and widely-distributed species were in the collection. 17. Scoparia dispersa, n.s. Somewhat allied to S. vallerialis, but as small as S. linealis of New Zealand ; primaries dark grey-brown, the veins partly black ; instead of the usual inner white- bordered blackish line, the basal half is streaked irregu- larly with snow-white and black lines; there is also a black and white dot at the end of the cell; the discal line is snow-white and rather acutely zigzag; the costa is crossed by oblique white dashes; the outer border is white, with a marginal series of black spots ; secondaries silvery; thorax dark brown; the palpi and posterior fringes of the tegule white ; abdomen silver-grey ; under surface silvery ; anterior tibie barred with black. Ex- panse of wings, 19 mm. No exact locality recorded. AEGERIID. AKeeRiA, Fabricius. 18. Aigeria rufa. Nn. 8. Wings above deep reddish orange, with black borders ; fringes grey; primaries with the borders very broad, leaving only a narrow:streak of the ground colour divided by a black spot at the end of the cell; body blackish, with blue-grey gloss ; abdomen with white hind margins to the segments ; antenne black ; wings below with the borders slightly bronzy, those of the primaries a little narrower than above; body below leaden grey; the pectus steel-blue at the sides; legs slightly purplish above and bronzy below; middle tibie clothed above with orange hair. Expanse of wings, 10, 15, or 17 mm. ‘Pines valley near Valparaiso; on Umbelliferous flowers in January.”—T’. £. collected in Chili. 59 GALERIIDA. ScurstorHEca, Ragonot. This genus has been recently described by M. Ragonot in the Bulletin of the Entomological Society of France ; the palpi are similar to those of Donacoscaptes of Zeller, but the structure of the wings differs considerably.* 19. Schistotheca canescens, Ragonot. Primaries and thorax above gericeous-white, more or less densely irrorated with grey, sometimes so as to give them a distinct greyish tint; secondaries and body pale greyish brown, sericeous, the wings with white fringes ; primaries below greyish brown, with whitish costal bor- der and white fringe ; there is a distinct reflexed costal flap, fringed at the back with fine hairs, and enclosing a woolly tuft of hair; secondaries of the typical form (the outer margin being sinuous below the apex, which is acuminate), varying from sericeous-white to sreyish brown with white fringe; body below white. Expanse of wings, 44—50 mm “ Larva.—Pinkish white, with brown head and plate on 2nd segment. Feeds inside flower-stems of Bromelia. ‘Valparaiso, in January.”—T’. E. PHYCIDA. Metua, Walher. 20. Mella ragonoti, 0. 8. Primaries above sericeous cream-colour, irrorated with brown and black scales ; veins pale sandy brownish ; two arched indistinct brown streaks towards apex, the first oblique, the second parallel to the outer margin ; a black spot just before the middle of the cell, and a second, rather larger, at the inferior angle of the cell ; a marginal series of minute black dots; fringe sordid at apex; secondaries silvery pale grey, with two slightly darker * I find that Monsieur Ragonot regards this as a Galeriid ; his types had been removed from the series and placed with others in a small box, so that it was only just discovered in time to avoid my making a synonym. 60 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera spots placed obliquely at the end of the cell; a marginal series of minute black dots; fringe white ; thorax whity- brown ; palpi long, acuminate, porrected, grey at the sides and white below; wings below greyish (the pri- maries especially), with black marginal dots and white fringe ; body below white ; the venter with lateral black dots; tarsi tipped with blackish. Expanse of wings, 24 mm. : Valparaiso. CRYPTOBLABES, Zeller. 21. Cryptoblabes divergens, n. 8. Primaries above granite-grey, with a small reddish spot bounded on each side by black scales near the base of inner margin; a reddish tint on the first median interspace; a slightly irregular oblique black stripe, margined internally with white, across the basal third ; a zigzag black-edged white stripe across the disc; be- tween these two stripes is a.small J-shaped character at the end of the cell; an ill-defined submarginal series of minute blackish dots; fringe white, traversed by two grey stripes; secondaries sericeous-white, slightly yel- lowish or gold-tinted at apex and base of fringe; a brownish marginal line and a slender grey line on the frmge; thorax granite-grey; abdomen pearl-grey, changing to white with blackish spots towards the anal segment; tuft creamy-white; primaries below grey- brown ; secondaries white, with brownish costa; body below white ; legs banded with grey. Expanse of wings, 21 mm. No exact locality recorded. The Phycide of this collection were submitted to Monsieur Ragonot, but unfortunately the two preceding Species (being discovered in the corner of one of Mr. Hdmonds’ boxes after the return of M. Ragonot to Paris) were not seen by him ; two other species from Valparaiso which he did examine are not labelled, and therefore I conclude that he has either identified them with pre- viously-described species,* or has not considered them to be in sufficiently good condition to make it safe to describe them. * They appear to be Plodia interpunctalis and Homeosoma nebulella. collected in Chili: 61 CRAMBIDA. CramsBus, Fabricius. 22. Crambus sabulosellus. Crambus sabulosellus, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxviil., p. 178. n. 139 (1868). **Chiloé, from Reed’s collection.” —T. E. I can discover no specific character to separate this from Walker’s New Zealand type; perhaps if we pos- sessed a series of specimens from the two localities it might be possible to find distinctive characters ; as it is the single Chilian example appears not to differ. CuiLo, Zincken. 23. Chilo chillanicus, n. 8. Silvery white, tinted with brassy brown; primaries above with a longitudinal subcostal brown stripe from base to apex, and immediately below it a broader snow- white stripe, bounded below by a median brown streak ; apex acuminate ; several minute brown marginal dots ; body whity-brown, shining; primaries below pale grey, with faint golden reflections and white on the apical area; fringe white as above; secondaries snow-white, with sordid costal border ; body white ; legs sordid. Expanse of wings, 32 mm. ‘*Chillan, February and March.”—T. E. 24. Chilo ceres, n. 8. ?. Nearest to C. phragmitellus, agreeing with the female of that species in coloration and venation, but considerably larger, with curved and slightly deflexed palpi and arched outer margin of primaries, which are less acuminate at apex; the discoidal, radial, and in- ternal areas of these wings. mottled indistinctly with grey, two parallel oblique streaks of which colour cross the disc ; a distinct marginal series of small black spots ; in other respects the two females are similar, the pri- maries and body being bright golden stramineous, with black disco-cellular dot and the secondaries shining white. Expanse of wings, 47 mm. ‘* Las Zorras, in December.’ —T’. EL. 62 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera Specimens of this species were examined, but appa- rently not described, by Monsieur Ragonot ; he probably came to the conclusion that I have arrived at, that it was not a Phycid. C. ceres may be allied to Sericocrambus stylatus of Wallengren from Monte Video. MiToTHEMMA, 0. g. Allied to Themma = Tunza of Walker, but differing in the simple antenne of the male, somewhat shorter palpi, and the emission of the 2nd and 3rd median branches of the secondaries from a footstalk. 25. Mitothemma angulipennis, 0. 8. Primaries above pale shining gold-brown, longitudi- nally striated with black between the veins ; one or two small black spots in the cell, one or two beyond the cell, and a marginal series; secondaries slightly sinuated between the first subcostal and third median branches, thus producing an angle at the third median branch ; silvery white, slightly greyish towards apex, with a mar- ginal series of small black spots; body whity-brown ; primaries below shining greyish brown, with pale gold reflections, white towards outer margin, where there isa series of small black spots; secondaries silvery white, tinted with gold towards costa, sparsely and minutely irrorated with blackish scales; a black disco-cellular spot; an imperfect elbowed dark brown discal stripe ; a marginal series of small black spots ; body below shining cream-colour. HExpanse of wings, 31 mm. ‘Las Zorras, in May.”—T. HE. 26. Mitothemma acuminata, n. s. Somewhat like a narrow-winged Spilodes in its general appearance ; primaries above bright golden stramineous, sometimes sparsely grey-speckled, and always with two divergent oblique grey stripes running inwards from the apex, the upper one entering the discoidal cell, the lower one crossing the disc to first median branch; a more or less defined black dot at the inferior angle of the cell; a marginal series of black dots; secondaries silvery white ; traces of a faint grey discal line; fringe pale sulphur- yellow; thorax stramineous; abdomen cream-colour, collected in Chili. 63 irrorated with grey ; primaries below cream-colour, with the discoidal area grey ; a dusky apical spot ; secondaries shining white, with yellowish costal border; pectus white; legs and venter cream-coloured. Expanse of wings, 832—37 mm. ‘Las Zorras, February and March.”—T. E. 27. Mitothemma striata, n.s. Primaries above golden stramineous, more or less densely irrorated with grey, which sometimes forms broad longitudinal streaks in and below the cell ; traces of two to three abbreviated oblique undulated parallel orey striz from the cell to the inner margin, and beyond them two darker grey stripes from apex to inner margin, the inner one angulate-sinuous, the outer one sub- marginal and regularly undulated; a nearly marginal Series of small black spots, followed by an extremely slender black marginal line, sometimes interrupted ; secondaries shining white, irrorated with grey, crossed by a slender and sometimes black-dotted grey discal line ; a slender blackish marginal line, interrupted at the extremities of the veins, and sometimes a series of blackish dots ; body pale stramineous ; primaries below cream-coloured, the basal three-fourths, excepting at costal border, more or less suffused with grey and bounded externally by an oblique darker line incurved towards costa; a marginal series of black dots; secondaries creamy white, shining, sparsely and minutely black- speckled; a blackish spot at the end of the cell; a discal and a marginal series of black dots ; body below sordid- white. Hxpanse of wings, 31—35 mm. ‘‘ Las Zorras, February and March.”—T. EH. Judging from the figure alone the Schenobius terreus of Zeller from Madagascar looks as though it might belong to this genus. TASEOPTERYX, 0. 2. Allied to Hromene, but readily distinguished by its tapering clearly pectinated male antenne; the costal margin of the primaries strongly arched towards the base, and the style of coloration which somewhat reminds one of Plusia. 64 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera 28. Taseopteryx sericea, n.s. (Pl. XL, fig. 3). Primaries above whity-brown, clouded with bronzy olivaceous ; with the central area occupied by a broad oblique irregularly trigonate patch, bounded above by the costal border, and on the other sides by a black-edged white stripe; this patch is greyish white towards the costa, where the veins are blackish, the remainder being dark olivaceous varied with flesh-colour, and enclosing a cream-coloured crescent with blackish inner edge at the end of the cell and a large curved blackish-edged creamy spot within its posterior angle; two confluent black spots at the base; submedian vein ash-grey; an abbre- viated oblique white stripe from apex to about the centre of the disc, where it fades into the ground colour, and followed by a longer and broader dark bronzy olivaceous stripe or band spotted with black dashes, from which longitudinal pure white stripes run to the extremity of the fringe; secondaries greyish, sericeous, with faint golden reflections ; external border broadly darker, with a black marginal line interrupted at the extremities of the veins ; a dusky disco-cellular lunule ; fringe white, traversed by a grey stripe and tipped with grey; body pale greyish or whity-brown; primaries below dark smoky grey, the fringe spotted with snow-white ; costa sprinkled with white scales ; secondaries silvery white, irrorated with grey, especially on the costa; a black disco-cellular spot and marginal line; a slender undu- lated grey discal line ; body below pale shining brown. Expanse of wings, 27—29 mm. ‘‘Las Zorras, in November.”—T’. E. TORTRICIDA. Trras, T'reitschke. 29. Teras blanchardu, n.s. (Pl. XL, fig. 6). Somewhat the aspect of 7’. proteana, but darker ; pri- maries pale coffee-brown, sericeous ; a broad grey patch commencing in the centre of the costa, running obliquely backwards, and tapering to a mere line at basal fourth of dorsal margin, mottled with blackish, and crossed by a slightly curved blackish band, which runs obliquely outwards from the costal margin to its outer edge, bounded also iust below the middle of its outer edge by collected in Chili. 65 a projecting patch of pale yellowish scales ; a second and much smaller patch nearer to the dorsal margin; a small projecting black spot at about the middle of the interno-median area and immediately below the first median branch ; a few very indistinct reticulations on the external area, and two small blackish spots towards apex; fringe pale towards the tips; secondaries shining dark leaden grey, with faint bronze reflections; fringe shining coffee-brown, changing to whitish plumbageous towards anal angle, and traversed near the base by a dark brown line; thorax clay-coloured ; head and palpi whitish ; abdomen pale shining grey, anal tuft yellowish ; primaries below dark shining grey, with bronze re- flections ; costa whitish, transversely striated with black ; fringe clay-coloured, with paler edges; secondaries silvery whitish, mottled with black ; the veins at apex and two abbreviated stripes upon the fringe golden cupreous ; body below sordid white; legs banded with blackish. Expanse of wings, 17 mm. Exact locality not recorded. 30. Teras walsinghamii, n.s. (Pl. X1., fig. 7). Near to TJ. asperana, smaller, and with darker secondaries ; primaries above with the basal half whitish ochreous, mottled with testaceous, an oblique series of four small spots, increasing in size from the costa to the origin of the first median branch, the first two very minute and black, the last two larger and formed by projecting scales of the ground colour; apical half dark purplish slate-colour, sprinkled with a few grey scales, with small black costal tufts, and a black subapical spot ; secondaries shining grey, with bronze reflections ; fringe whitish, brownish and traversed by a darker line near the base, and spotted with blackish at apex; thorax ‘whitish ochreous ; head and palpi blackish ; abdomen grey, with whitish borders; primaries below bronze- brown, the dark area showing through the wing in certain lights, faintly speckled with whitish; costa white, striated and spotted with black; fringe ashy grey, whitish at the base, and traversed near its outer edge by a blackish line; secondaries silvery white, mottled with brown, especially towards apex; fringe whitish; body TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1883.—PART I. (MARCH.) F 66 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera shining leaden grey ; legs whity-brown, banded with pale grey. Hixpanse of wings, 16 mm. ‘‘ Valparaiso, November and December.”—T". E. 31. Teras fernaldi, n. s. Allied to TJ’. abietana, though in some respects more like T’. variegana; much darker, the secondaries espe- cially darker ; primaries above whity-brown, very faintly tinted with pink in certain lights, mottled irregularly all over with dark red-brown and black, the most con- spicuous markings being two connected black-edged red- brown oblique bands forming a very irregular and almost H-shaped character across the centre of the wing; upon the inner arm of this character is a pale sulphur-yellow annulus, from which a small tuft of scales of the same colour projects; immediately beyond the H-shaped character is a very irregular oblique purplish-grey forked band spotted with black; fringe pale brown, traversed by two darker lines ; secondaries dark grey, with bronze and purplish reflections; basi-abdominal area pale ; fringe whity-brown, spotted at apex with blackish, and traversed by two dark lines; body shining grey; head and palpi sordid whitish ; wings below shining whitish, reticulated with grey, the costal margins spotted with black; primaries with the apical three-sevenths blackish ; fringe tipped with red-brown; secondaries with three conspicuous blackish costal spots, a fourth on the fringe at apex, and two smaller spots on the outer margin ; fringe as above ; body below sordid whitish ; legs banded with pale brown; venter with lateral series of black spots. Expanse of wings, 17 mm. ** Valdivia, in February.”—T’. EH. ARCTOPODA, N. g. Nearest to Cacoecia, which it nearly approaches in neuration ; body extending beyond the secondaries, rather slender, with scarcely perceptible anal tuft; antenne rather long, tapering, ciliated; palpi short, broad, and hairy; legs short, thick, the tibie clothed with rather, long hair, the spurs moderately long; anterior legs clothed with hair almost to the extremity of the tarsi; primaries broad, the costal margin nearly straight, and not much longer than the inner margin; outer margin slightly convex from the middle to the external angle ; secondaries subovate, with nearly straight costal margin, slightly concave towards apex. collected in Chili. 67 32. Arctopoda maculosa, n.s. (Pl. XI, fig. 5, 2). g. Primaries above reddish chocolate ; disco-cellular veins black, all the other veins regularly spotted with black; secondaries black-brown, with an apical patch, and the apical half of the fringe bright orange; re- mainder of fringe dark grey; thorax dark purplish brown ; abdomen blackish ; wings below brilliant golden orange ; primaries crossed beyond the middle by a broad oblique black belt, expanding towards the outer margin ; fringe broadly tipped with purplish, spotted with black ; anal half of fringe of secondaries blackish ; body below dark grey ; legs whitish, clothed with dark grey hair ; venter with whitish segmental bands. Expanse of wings, 30 mm. ?. Larger than the male; primaries clouded with orange in the middle, and with a broad apical patch of the same colour, upon which the black spots are very conspicuous ; secondaries with a sprinkling of orange scales within and below the cell, and the apical patch extending as a tapering border round the outer margin ; primaries below with the black belt reduced to a rather narrow band ; secondaries with the basal area dulled and bounded externally by a somewhat diffused angular dusky band indicating the dark area of the upper surface ; body below bronze-brown ; legs partly whitish. Expanse of wings, 34 mm. ‘‘ Las Zorras, in December.”—T. EL. This handsome species reminds one vaguely of Cacoecia podana, although altogether more brilliantly coloured ; in the form and opaque coloration of the wings it agrees better with Ptycholoma. (ENECTRA, Guenée. 33. Cinectra approximata, n. s. Primaries above golden testaceous, reticulated with grey, and crossed by double-arched series of small black spots; an oblique dark-edged greyish stripe running from the costa before the middle to below the first median branch, and almost joined before its extremity by a reversed stripe of the same character running obliquely upwards from a parallel point on the inner margin ; fringe brown externally ; secondaries sericeous- 68 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera white, reticulated with grey ; thorax ochraceous ; abdo- men silvery grey, with ochraceous anal tuft; primaries below pale golden, with the markings less defined than above; secondaries as above; body pale ochraceous. Expanse of wings, 24 mm. ‘Valparaiso, in January. The larva feeds within the stems of its food-plant.”—T".. LE. 34. Cinectra fulvaria? (Pl. XI, fig. 4). Tortrix fulvaria, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘ Fauna Chilena,’ vii., p. 99, n. 1 (1852). ‘“‘ Valparaiso, in January.”—T". HE. Standing in the collection with the preceding species, from which, however, it differs in its occasionally greater size, its longer palpi, deeper coloration, and in the pattern of the primaries ; these wings are of a sericeous tawny testaceous colour, reticulated throughout with grey, a line of which colour crosses the wings obliquely near the base; there is a diffused dusky spot at the end of the cell, and a greyish subapical costal cuneiform patch ; the secondaries are cream-coloured, reticulated with grey, and tinted with testaceous towards apex. Blanchard’s specimens appear to have been small, if they really belonged to the species before me (as the coloration leads me to believe that they did). Var. dives. Size and coloration of primaries recalling Pedisca grandiflavana, Wlsm.; these wings are sericeous golden stramineous, indistinctly reticulated with grey, some of the lines with a few blackish scales upon them ; base of costal margin grey, spotted with blackish ; a dark grey spot sometimes quadrate and in outline just beyond the middle of the costa, from which an indistinct brownish discoloration crosses the wing to the dorsal margin; a dark grey or pale brownish spot at the end of the cell ; a more or less distinct subapical costal grey-edged patch ; base of fringe grey; secondaries silvery white, more or less sordid and reticulated with grey; body pale stra- mineous; under surface pale shining stramineous ; the secondaries paler than the primaries, which are more or less clouded with grey in the centre; all the wings reticulated with grey; anterior and middle legs banded with grey. Expanse of wings, 32—33 mm. collected in Chili. 69 Scrapuina, T'reitschke. 35. Sciaphila leonina, n. s. Allied to S. gouana, but larger, and with the coloration of Affa bipunctella of N.° America; primaries above golden stramineous, shining; sprinkled sparsely, and particularly upon the veins, with black scales; a black dot at the inferior angle of the cell; secondaries seri- ceous-grey, darker and cupreous towards apex in the male ; fringe white, traversed near the base by a more or less defined grey line; head and thorax stramineous, abdomen pearly white ; primaries of male below blackish, with cream-coloured borders ; of female creamy, slightly ereyish in the middle; costa slghtly testaceous ; secondaries shining white; costal area slightly stra- mineous; body below pearly whitish; legs greyish. Eixpanse of wings—male 30 mm., female 33 mm. ‘“* Valparaiso, in November.’ —T’. E. DicHELIA, Guenée. 36. Dichelia exusta, n. 8. Aspect of D. rubicundana, but much larger ; primaries above dark laky red-brown, varying to deep reddish eravel-colour, with golden or pink gloss; striated and spotted with black, and crossed by four equidistant ill- defined oblique darker bands, the first and last very indistinct; secondaries sericeous-white, more or less mottled with dark grey ; head and thorax purplish brown ; abdomen silvery white, with slightly yellowish anal tuft ; primaries below dark grey-brown, the costa and external area washed with reddish cupreous or pale golden, and reticulated with blackish ; secondaries sericeous-white, more or less mottled with blackish ; body below golden or silvery whitish. Expanse of wings, 23—24 mm. Valparaiso. This species bears a strong resemblance to Zeller’s figure of his Sciaphila radicana; the base of primaries is sometimes slaty grey. Tortrix, Linneus. 37. Tortrix chrysopteris, n. s. General aspect of a large T’. icterana; primaries shining golden stramineous, with faint indications of a few reddish reticulations; a large triangular slightly 70 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera whiter patch, edged and reticulated with red-brown below the middle of the dorsal margin; secondaries pale cupreous-brown, greyish towards the abdominal margin, and with whitish fringe; body golden stramineous ; primaries below redder than above, and indistinctly reticulated with reddish throughout ; secondaries cream- colour, indistinctly reticulated with golden orange to- wards costa, and with greyish towards the abdominal margin; body pale stramineous; legs reddish. Expanse of wings, 28 mm. No exact locality recorded ; probably Valparaiso. MELANECLIA, 0. g. Nearest to Hulia (. ministrana) in form and general structure, but the antenne distinctly ciliated on both sides throughout, the abdomen more slender ; primaries with the costa distinctly more convex towards the base ; the apex slightly more produced, thus rendering the outer margin more oblique ; secondaries with the outer margin straight below apex, but not at all concave ; disco-cellulars regularly oblique. 38. Melaneulia hecate, n. 8. Smoky black; primaries above changing in certain lights to purplish ; a reddish cupreous curved marking at the end of the cell; a few scales of the same colour on the lower half of the dorsal margin, and a few more -on the fringe towards apex ; head reddish ; under surface smoky black, without markings ; body below dull whitish. Eixpanse of wings, 17 mm. ** Valdivia, in February.”—T'. E. This singular little species unfortunately is only repre- sented by one example, which has suffered somewhat in its capture, the thorax and base of primaries being a good deal rubbed and the palpi destroyed ; enough, how- ever, remains to characterise it. PutTueocuroa, Stephens. The single species in the collection has more than usually small palpi, formed as in P. rugosana, but rather rubbed in the type specimen; the style of coloration is more like that of Pygolopha, collected in Clili. yal’ 39. Phtheochroa inexacta, N. Ss. Primaries above white, mottled with grey; a large black-dotted grey U-shaped spot (filled in) at the basal fourth of costa, and a broad irregularly angulated grey band striated with darker lines and dotted with black and reddish just before the middle; this is followed by a band of the ground colour, white speckled with red- brown, and marked in the middle with two oblique divergent black dashes ; a large dark grey-brown crescent- shaped patch, spotted with black at its upper extremity, fills in the external angle, and almost confluent with this is an oblique black-flecked subapical band of the same colour ; a squamose black marginal line ; fringe spotted with brown; secondaries sericeous whity-brown, with faintly indicated darker reticulations and marginal line ; thorax whitish, black-spotted ; abdomen sericeous whity- brown ; primaries below shining greyish brown, costa mottled with white; a blackish marginal line and two on the fringe; secondaries white, flecked with dark brown ; pectus silvery white; venter and legs dull white. Ex- panse of wings, 16 mm. ‘‘ Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. E. Srricoris, T'reitschke. AQ. Sericoris wilkinsont, 0. 8. Form of S. wmbrosana; primaries above with the basi-dorsal half sericeous grey-brown, crossed by partly black-edged darker bands; the upper oblique edge of this area is deeply bisinuated ; externo-costal half white, slightly sericeous, almost obliterated on the external area by transverse ash-grey stripes flecked with black and cupreous-brown ; costal margin and fringe spotted with dark grey; secondaries silvery grey ; fringe white, traversed near the base by a slender grey line; thorax white, black-spotted ; abdomen silvery grey ; primaries below dark grey ; costa mottled with white ; secondaries silvery white, dotted or spotted with dark grey ; body below silvery whitish. Expanse of wings, 18 mm. “Valparaiso, November and December.” —T’. E. The three following species, notwithstanding their longer palpi, manifestly belong to the same genus ;— 72 ~Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera Al. Sericoris cauquenensis, Ni. 8. Allied to S. wrticana ; primaries silvery greyish white, indistinctly striated with grey; base greyish, bounded externally by an irregular oblique abbreviated dark brown band, blackish and white-edged along its outer border ; a second similar but bronze-brown white-margined band just before the apical third; a subapical triangular bronze-brown costal spot, and a partly black-edged cuneiform spot or streak of the same colour along the centre of the outer margin; fringe pinky brown, tra- versed by two blackish lines ; secondaries silvery whitish, striated with pale grey, a grey marginal line and two blackish lines on the fringe ; body above grey ; primaries below dark shining grey; costal border spotted with blackish and white; a slender white line at the base of the fringe; secondaries sericeous-white, striated with erey-brown; apical area and fringe pale golden brown, the latter with blackish lines as above; body below pearly white. Expanse of wings, 18 mm. ** Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T’. E. A2. Sericoris erebina, n. s. Certainly allied to the preceding species ; but the pri- maries sericeous dove-grey, crossed by about nine equi- distant undulated golden lines, only visible with a lens; secondaries shining greyish brown, with indistinct slightly darker striations ; fringe silvery greyish, with a basal white line; body above grey ; primaries below sericeous ereyish brown ; edge of costal margin white dotted with brown ; fringe with a basal white line; secondaries shining white, striated with grey ; costa and apical area slightly brownish ; body below pearly white. Hxpanse of wings, 19 mm. ** Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. E. 43. Sericoris ewrydice, n. s. Aspect of S. urticana ; primaries above pale sericeous greyish brown, mottled with flesh-colour ; finely striated with grey lines, dotted here and there with black ; basal fourth dark brown, with angular black outer edge; a slightly irregular black-edged dark brown oblique band just beyond the middle, and a subapical costal dark brown spot ; an indistinct marginal series of grey spots ; collected in Chili. 1s fringe shining stramineous, traversed by a grey line; secondaries whity-brown, rather densely mottled with grey; fringe traversed near the base by a broad stripe of dark grey; body greyish brown; primaries below sericeous grey-brown, with faint indications of the darker markings of the upper surface ; costa whitish, spotted with black ; fringe shining stramineous, traversed by a well-defined grey stripe ; secondaries slightly whiter than above ; body below sericeous-whitish. Expanse of wings, 16 mm. Probably Valparaiso. CHOREUTID. Cuorevtis, Hitbner. 44, Choreutis bjerkandrella. Tinea bjerkandrella, Thunberg, Diss. Ent. (Ins. Suec.) i., p. 24 (1784). ‘Valparaiso, in December.”—T". E. The three specimens before me all differ in size and in coloration ; the two larger ones scarcely showing the white stripe usually found on the secondaries, the larger of these two also wanting all the orange markings on the primaries, in which respect it agrees with an example in the Museum from Espirito Sancto; the smallest of the three agrees in all respects with the dwarfed form named by Duponchel C. pretiosana, which, according to Staud- inger and Wocke, is identical with Zeller’s C. australis. ATYCHIIDA. Atycuia, Latreille. 45. Atychia triphenoides, n. s. Primaries above blackish piceous; fringe shining yellow-golden, blackish at base; secondaries golden orange, sericeous, borders blackish piceous; fringe shining yellow-golden, blackish at base; body blackish ; thorax clothed with grey hairs; abdomen wanting ; pri- maries below with a median streak from the base, turn- ing upwards across the extremity of the cell, yellow- golden; remainder of the wing purplish piceous, the outer half of the fringe paler and more brassy than above ; secondaries slightly paler than above, otherwise 74 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera similar ; pectus and legs dark purplish piceous. Expanse of wings, 23 mm. ‘* From Reed’s collection.” —7'. EL. I believe this to be the most beautiful species hitherto described. TINEIDA. Nemopnora, /Hiibner. 46. Nemophora fasciolata, n. s. Creamy white, shining, with faint golden reflections ; primaries sordid at base and along the apical and external margins ; an abbreviated subangulated oblique brown band at basal sixth, and a second straight band from the median vein to just beyond the middle of the dorsal margin; a small dark brown spot at the inferior angle of the cell; body whity-brown ; legs pearl-white ; wings below bronzy brownish, with opaline reflections ; fringe white; body below white. LHxpanse of wings, 22mm. ** Valdivia, Reed’s collection.” —T7'. E. Most nearly allied to N. swammerdamella. HYPONOMEUTIDA. Ta@corHYcH?A, N. g. Form of wings much as in Tinea (T. arcuatella) ; primaries with slightly arched costa ; apex acute ; outer margin very oblique; fringe long; dorsal margin nearly straight, slightly convex at the base; secondaries ellip- tical, with nearly straight costal margin; apex rather acute; fringe long, especially at anal angle; cells of all the wings long; head about half the width of thorax, with smooth convex crest; palpi moderately long, extending for two-fifths of their length in front of the head, acuminate, slightly ascending, straight, tapering ; the second joint coarsely scaled, but not fringed, about twice the length of the third; antenne long, tapering, with well-developed coarse appressed silky pectinations in front to the commencement of their terminal fourth, where they taper off, and are replaced by imperfect serrations; body tolerably long, extending for nearly half its length beyond the secondaries ; thorax short, rounded ; abdomen slender, keeled, with small contracted anal tuft; legs rather long and slender; the hind tibie clothed with long hair. collected in Chilt. 75 47. Toecorhychia cinerea, 0.8. Shining ash-gray ; primaries with the costa black- spotted beyond the middle; an oblique black spot at the end of the cell and an oblique series of minute black dashes beyond it across the disc; a slender blackish marginal line ; fringe cream-coloured ; secondaries paler, especially towards the abdominal margin; a marginal series of dusky dots; fringe cream-coloured ; wings below shining grey, with cream-coloured fringes ; pectus and front legs grey ; middle legs ereyish white ; venter and posterior legs cveam-coloured. Expanse of wings, 22 mm. ‘Valparaiso, in houses.” —T’. EL. PLUTELLIDA. Puurevia, Schranck. 48. Plutella xylostella. Tinea xylostella, Linneus, Syst. Nat., X., p- 538. “ Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. EL. GELECHIIDA. OrtHoTELIA, Stephens. 49. Orthotelia increta, N. 8. Decidedly larger than O. sparganella, and with longer and more acuminate palpi; primaries above coffee-brown, shining, with a feeble lilac gloss ; costal margin dull red; external border dusky; fringe traversed by two black stripes and tipped with pink, which gives place to snow-white at external angle; discoidal spots indicated in dark brown ; a slightly curved transverse discal series of white-dotted dark brown dashes ; secondaries shining orey ; costa and fringe whitish, the latter traversed by two indistinct grey stripes; a yellowish line along the outer margin; head and thorax red-brown ; abdomen ereyish ; under surface shining whitish, irrorated with dark grey ; primaries with the costal margin and external area testaceous, and a broad elbowed band immediately within these (passing through the cell and across the disc) blackish ; secondaries with pale testaceous costal area and external margin; anterior and middle pairs of legs brownish. Expanse of wings, 30 mm. ‘ Corral, Valdivia, in February.”—T’. E. 76 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera Derpressaria, Haworth. 50. Depressaria edmondsit, n. s. Wings above shining grey, darker towards the external area ; primaries tinted with pink, the base black-brown, with purplish reflections; a very irregular transverse brown band just before the middle ; costal border, from the commencement of this band to apex, spotted with blackish; an arched dusky submarginal band; a mar- ginal series of black dots ; fringe traversed by two dusky lines; secondaries somewhat silvery, with a slender blackish marginal line; fringe traversed near its base by a grey line; head and thorax purplish brown; abdomen grey; primaries below leaden grey; a costal black- spotted cream-coloured stripe curving round at apex and fading into a whitish marginal border; fringe rather more silvery than the body of the wing; secondaries shining white, with the costal area grey-speckled; a blackish interrupted marginal line ; body below shining whity-brown ; anterior and middle legs banded above with dark brown. Expanse of wings, 19 mm. “Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T". E. Heuiostises, Zeller. 51. Heliostibes mathewi. Helwstibes mathewi, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-botan. Gesellsch. Wien., xxiv., p. 485, n.1, pl. xii., fig. 4 (1874). Valparaiso. Only one example was obtained by Mr. Edmonds. GELEcHIA, Zeller. 52. Gelechia invenustella ? Gelechia invenustella, Berg, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose., 1875, p. 240. “‘ Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. E. The single specimen which I think may possibly be referable to this species is worn and somewhat broken ; it is allied to G. humeralis of Europe. collected in Chili. 77 53. Gelechia aterrimella ? Gelechia aterrimella, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxix., p- 590, n. 225 (1864). ‘Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T’. E. Only one example having been obtained, which was unavoidably ruined in the attempt to relax and set it, I am unable to be certain of its identification. 54. Gelechia ocelligera, ui. s. Allied to G. infernalis of Europe; primaries dark chocolate-brown ; external border greyish white, with a submarginal grey band extending from the inner margin to near the apex, where there is a rounded black spot ; fringe whitish, with a dark grey basal stripe ; secondaries shining leaden grey ; fringe creamy white, traversed by two greyish undulated stripes ; thorax sericeous choco- late-brown; abdomen leaden grey; primaries below shining bronze-brown, the veins beyond the middle and the costa towards apex streaked with white; fringe cream- coloured, traversed by a grey band, which is followed by a dark brown line; secondaries silvery white, tinted with bronze at apex, where there is also an abbreviated blackish line upon the fringe ; body below pale bronze- brown, coxe opaline. Expanse of wings, 16 mm. ‘Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. EL. Toprutis, Hiibner. 55. Topeutis venosa, n. 8. Form of Pleurota bicostella, but with the structure of Topeutis ; primaries above dark grey, the veins white ; fringe greyish white, traversed towards apex by pure white lines; secondaries silvery white, fringe cream- coloured; head and thorax greyish white; abdomen sericeous creamy white; primaries below and pectus grey ; secondaries as above ; venter silvery white. Ex- panse of wings, 29 mm. “‘ Valparaiso.”—T.. E. 78 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera Hyprrcauuia, Stephens. 56. Hypercallia fenestella. Cryptolechia fenestella, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-botan. Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 489, n. 4; pl. xii., fig. 9 (1874). Machimia fenestella, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., xiii., Dp aod, H. Lt (IST7). * Valparaiso. Only one example (without abdomen) stands in Mr. Edmonds’ collection. (Ecopuora, Zeller. This genus contains several distinct groups which ought to be separated generically ; the Chilian species now to be described agrees most nearly in structure with @. sulphurella. 57. Cicophora minnetta, n. s. Sericeous silvery white ; primaries with a few widely- scattered black scales ; base of costal border black; an irregular black costal patch, as in Cryptolechia roseo- costella, W1sm. (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, pl. xii., fig. 26), a dusky subapical costal spot ; fringe of all the wings and of the posterior tibize cream-coloured; primaries below sericeous greyish-brown; secondaries shining white, with brown costa; palpi with the basal two-thirds of the second joint and the tip of the third joint black externally ; body and front legs below sericeous-brown ; posterior legs pearly white, the tarsi banded above with black. LExpanse of wings, 17 mm. ‘Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T.. E. HYPERSKELES, 0. g. Allied to Gicophora, aspect of Dasycera; secondaries broader than in either genus ; the primaries rounded at apex, but with the external angle well defined and con- sequently with short fringe; antenne filiform; palpi slender, porrect, long and widely separated ; legs long and thick, but not fringed. collected in Chili. 79 58. Hyperskeles choreutidea, n. 8. ?. Black-brown; primaries with a nearly central abbreviated white costal dash, tapering to a point as it reaches the median vein, and tinted with gold upon the costal margin; a spot of golden ochreous within the cell on each side of the white dash ; a subapical silvery white lunule, followed by a golden ochreous apical border, the commencement of which upon the costa is indicated by a paler golden spot ; two patches of greyish scales on the disc ; fringe tipped with whitish ; secondaries crossed at basal third by an oblique sordid white band ; an abbreviated white central band from the costa to the median vein ; a diffused patch of greyish scales on the disc ; fringe tipped with whitish grey, white at apex ; abdomen crossed by slender greyish lines ; anal segment pearl-white ; wings below as above, but the markings more developed; primaries with a broad ochreous sub- costal band from the base to the first discoidal spot, with which it unites ; a distinct white spot on the disc beyond the end of the cell; internal border ash-grey ; secondaries with a broad ochreous costal band and a_ transverse dash of the same colour between the two white bands; a white subapical spot; body below pearly white, the legs pale brownish grey above; tarsi with white annulations. Expanse of wings, 14 mm. ‘Valdivia, from Reed’s collection.” —T’. LH. CALLISTENOMA, 0. g. Allied to Stenoma, but at once distinguished by its palpi, the second joint being broad, compressed, and fringed below (not above, as in the undoubtedly allied genus Anchinia). See Pl. XI., fig. 8a. 59. Callistenoma ustimacula. Cryptolechia ustimacula, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-botan. Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 440, n. 5; pl. xii, fig. 10 (1874). Machimia ustimacula, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., xill., p. 259, n. 23 (1877). ‘“‘ Valparaiso, in November.’-—T. E. 80 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera Var. zelleri. (Pl. XI., fig. 8). Differs from the typical form in having a rounded grey spot upon the disc of the primaries below the cuneiform costal patch, to which it is united by a pale yellowish nebula ; also an arched externo-discal series of dark grey spots, the uppermost of the series partly yellow and joining the inferior angle of the cuneiform patch; secondaries shining bronze-brown instead of white. Hx- panse of wings, 26 mm. ‘“‘ Valparaiso, in November.”—T". E. Macuriia, Clemens. 60. Machimia desertorwm ? Depressaria desertorum, Berg, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose., 1875, p. 239, n. 52. “Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.”—T. E. Whether this is or is not the true D. desertorum I have no means of deciding; it somewhat resembles the Depressaria costosa of Europe. CryproLecuia, Zeller. 61. Cryptolechia fasciatipedella. Cryptolechia fasciatipedella, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.- botan. Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 487, n.2; pl. xii., fig. 7 (1874). Machimia fasciatipedella, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., Xill,,,p. 259,m. 9 (1877). ‘“‘ Valparaiso, in December.”—T. E. This species varies considerably in depth of colour, the primaries being in some examples reddish ochreous, and in others rust-red, sprinkled with grey scales. 62. Cryptolechia ochracea. Cryptolechia ochracea, Geller, Verhandl. zool.-botan. Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 486,n.1; pl. xii, fig. 6 (1874). Machimia ochracea, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross., xiii., p- 259, n. 8 (1877). ‘“‘ Valparaiso, in December.” —T. E. collected in Chilt. 81 Very near to the preceding species, but the primaries chrome-yellow, with dark fringe and a more or less defined angular series of brown discal dots; discoidal spots the same ; interno-basal area broadly irrorated with red; secondaries white or flesh-coloured. 63. Cryptolechia luridella. ’ Cryptolechia luridella, Zeller, Verhandl. zool.-botan. Gesellsch. Wien, xxiv., p. 488, n.3; pl. xii, fig. 8 (1874). Machimia luridella, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Rosgs., xiii, p- 259, n. 19 (1877). Valparaiso. Only one example of this species was obtained. 64. Cryptolechia phenissa, n.s. (Pl. XI., figs. 12, 12a). Wings sericeous carmine-red ; primaries above with a small triangular golden spot at outer third of dorsal margin; fringe at apex tipped with bright ochreous ; thorax purplish brown ; antenne carmine ; palpi whitish ; abdomen dark brown ; wings below of a clearer carmine- red than above ; base of secondaries and pectus bronze- brown ; legs and venter whity-brown. Hxpanse of wings, 16 mm. ‘Corral, in February.”—T. E. PaCHYPH@NIKX, n. g. Allied to Tortricopsis, but with broader wings and more slender body ; primaries with the second subcostal forked instead of the fourth; cell of secondaries broader, the veins arranged in the same way, but the fold within the cell forked beyond the middle; head narrower than in Tortricopsis ; the palpi with less prominent fringe to the second joint, not more than half the width of that in T’. rosabella. 65. Pachyphoeenix sanguinea, n.s. (Pl. XL, figs. 18, 18a). Primaries above sericeous laky brown, slightly liacine towards outer margin ; an oblique greyish stripe from the apex to the end of the cell; secondaries sericeous cayr- mine-red ; body above dark brown ; wings below carmine- TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT I. (MARCH.) G 82- Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera red ; pectus brownish white ; anterior legs dark brown, middle legs purplish; hind legs pale golden yellowish, banded with rose-red ; venter golden yellow. Expanse of wings, 24 mm. ‘Corral, in March.” —T. H. PALMPHATUS, N. g. Almost exactly the form of ‘‘ Machimia uncinella”’ of Zeller, but the primaries slightly more falcate, with the external angle a little more prominent ; secondaries with the discoidal cell long and narrow; the costal and sub- costal veins widely separated to admit a large basal oblong glandular swelling upon the under surface and a corresponding pencil of hairs (somewhat as in T'richo- stibas, Zeller) on the upper surface; the subcostal branches and the radial vein are thus crowded together, and the wing is longitudinally folded immediately below the subcostal; the median vein emits its first branch before the middle, and therefore at a considerable distance from the second ; the second and third are quite distinct ; the body is comparatively short for the group, barely exceeding the secondaries; the head broad, coarsely scaled, the antenne thick, rather short, tapering, cylin- drical, but slightly flattened in front, which causes them to curl inwards when dry ; palpi thick, moderately long, widely separated; the second joint slightly deflexed, about as long as the head; third joint rather more than half the length of the second, slightly ascending. 66. Palephatus falsus, n.s. (Pl. XI., fig. 11). Aspect and style of coloration of Cerostoma, though wholly different in structure; primaries above shining golden stramineous, transversely striated with little brown dashes ; costa spotted with brown, and beyond the middle with white; fringe traversed by an imperfect brown stripe, and spotted externally with white; an abbreviated oblique brown stripe before the middle of the wing, and a reversed oblique brown dash towards apex ; secondaries shining leaden grey, paler towards the base ; fringe broadly tipped with white ; body cream-coloured ; primaries below golden brown ; secondaries bronzy grey, borders and fringes as above; body below cream- collected in Chili. 83 coloured ; palpi and venter dotted with blackish scales. Expanse of wings, 24 mm. ‘*From Reed’s collection.”—T7. EF. Without the lens this insect bears a remarkable resemblance to Cerostoma; the outline of the wings, . including the fringes, being the same; but whereas this form is produced by the fringe in Cerostoma, in the present genus it is the result of a sinuous outer margin. PISINIDEA, N. &. Form of Cryptolechia, excepting that the apex of the primaries is a little more produced, and the outer margin consequently more oblique ; all the veins of the primaries separate, not forking, but the fifth subcostal branch and the upper radial closely approximated; neuration of secondaries very similar to that of Tortricopsis; body moderately long and stout ; head tufted in the middle in front; antenne a little more compressed than in the preceding genus; palpi long, porrect, divergent, widely separated, not curving upwards at the extremity, extend- ing for a considerable distance in front of the head; the second joint thickened with coarse scales above nearly as in Anchinia, but the third joint comparatively longer than in that genus ; legs rather long and slender. 67. Pisinidea viridis, n.s. (Pl. XL, fig. 10). Primaries above pea-green; with a rounded ferru- ginous spot at the end of the cell; secondaries sericeous whity-brown; body whity-brown; under surface rusty reddish ; primaries with the borders towards apex yel- lowish. Expanse of wings, 27 mm. ** Chiloé ?, from Reed’s collection.” —7'. E. Agriocoma, Zeller. 68. Agriocoma mimulina, n. 8. (Pl. XI., fig. 9). Apparently somewhat similar to Zeller’s Conchylis delicatulana; primaries above bright sulphur-yellow; a stripe along the base of the costal nervure reddish, spotted with blackish, and joining at basal third the commence- ment of a broad triangular reddish patch with blackish edges, which extends nearly to apex, and is spotted on 84 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera costal margin and at its inferior angle with white; an externo-discal series of minute blackish dots, some- times obsolete ; secondaries sericeous snow-white; thorax above reddish, abdomen white ; wings below snow-white ; primaries with the basi-subcostal stripe and triangular patch indicated in leaden grey ; palpi and under surface of anterior legs reddish. Expanse of wings, 17—19 mm. “Valparaiso, November and December.”—T. E. A variety occurs in which the reddish markings above are strongly suffused with slaty grey. Linpera, Blanchard. 69. Lindera tessellatella. Lindera tessellatella, Blanchard, in Gay’s ‘Fauna Chilena,’ vil., p. 106, n. 1 (1852); Berg, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc., xlix., p. 286, n. 18 (1875). Safra bogotatella, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het., xxix., p. 785, n. 1 (1864). Setomorpha bogotatella, Zeller, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross. ¥y Xili., p. 205, n. 1 (1877). Chr estotes bogotatela, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 7, p. 401 (1881). No exact es recorded. ITHUTOMUS, N. g Form and style of marking of Psecadia; wings long and rather narrow; primaries with the costal margin slightly convex, the outer margin oblique, but rather less so than in Psecadia, inner margin nearly straight; dis- coidal cell long, extending almost to the second third of the wing; all the veins separate at their origins; costal vein extending to about the middle of the margin ; sub- costal four-branched ; the last subcostal, three radials, and the third median branch emitted, at about equal dis- tances, from the end of the cell; the second median close to the third; secondaries elongate-ovate; costal and subcostal veins nearly parallel, the latter simple, not forked; radial forked, emitted from a short footstalk ; disco-cellulars very oblique; second and third median branches emitted close together and widely separated from the first branch ; abdominal margin very convex ; collected in Chili. 85 body robust; head crested; antenne thick at the base (broken off short in the type); palpi rather thick, acuminate, extending some distance in front of the head, curving upwards, well separated, the second and third joints of nearly equal length; legs rather thick and long, the spurs of the posterior tibiz long and thick. 70. Ithutomus formosus, n. s. Somewhat resembles Zeller’s Pedisca chloroticana ; primaries above emerald-green, with a longitudinal irre- gular black streak commencing at the base of the costa, whence it runs obliquely to just below the submedian vein, thence emitting a narrow streak along the median vein to about its middle, where it again expands and throws off a transverse spur to the dorsal margin and terminates in a furca, partly enclosing a red-brown spot, close to the end of the cell; costa and dorsal margin black-spotted; outer half of costal margin cream- coloured; a large black apical patch, united to a cupreous-brown patch near the external angle, the two to- gether forming an imperfect external border ; secondaries whity-brown, slightly more golden towards apex ; fringe white; head and thorax green, spotted with black ; abdomen pale brown; primaries below flesh-tinted, slightly green on the basal two-thirds, and with the dis- coidal area blackish ; a few scattered minute grey spots ; fringe spotted with blackish ; secondaries flesh-tinted, greyish towards the costal and cream-tinted towards the abdominal border ; body pale brown; palpi green, black at base ; anterior and middle legs blackish, the tibize with a green band ; tarsi white, banded with blackish ; hind legs pale brown. Expanse of wings, 29 mm. ‘* Valdivia, from Reed’s collection.”—T'. E. Seems most nearly allied to Walker’s genus Tamarrha, but differs in neuration and in its style of coloration. ARGYRESTHIIDA, AreyrestHtia, [ibner. 71. Argyresthia conspersa, 0. 8. Primaries above shining golden; a tapering costal stripe, a similar dorsal stripe, and three oblique sub- parallel stripes across the external half, shining snow- | white, dotted here and there with black; three oblique 86 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera white spots on the costa towards apex ; fringe golden at apex, otherwise whitish with a faint golden tint ; secondaries silvery white, the fringe slightly golden ; head and thorax snow-white, a golden spot on each shoulder ; abdomen pale shining brown ; primaries below pale golden brown; secondaries silvery white, with a tapering basi-costal golden-brown patch; fringe and body below white, tinted with golden. Hxpanse of wings, 11 mm. ‘“‘ Mountains of the hacienda of Cauquenes.’’—T’. E. SUPPLEMENTARY SPECIES. XYLINIDA. Areynritis, Hiibner. Argyritis pura, 0.8. Allied to A. argentina ; primaries above golden brown, with a broad tapering subcostal metallic silver band from base to apex, widest towards the end of the cell, slightly arched; a narrow abbreviated silver line near the inner margin, and another close to the outer margin ; fringe pearly white ; secondaries semitransparent pearly white, with a bronze-brown external border, tapering towards the anal angle; fringe white; head and thorax chalky white, sordid; two contiguous bare brown spots just behind the head; abdomen pearly grey; primaries below greyish brown, with white submarginal stripe and fringe ; secondaries pearly white; body white; legs brownish. Expanse of wings, 29 mm. Chili. Received, with one or two other species, from Mr. Ed- monds subsequent to the completion of my papers upon the groups to which they were referable ; it comes nearest to A. argyrina of Guenée from Monte Video, but the latter species differs from it in having a broad internal band on the primaries, “‘ une large bande au bord interne, d’un blane d’argent brilliant,” whereas in A. pura there is only a slender abbreviated line. collected in Chili. 87 PHALANOIDA. ARCHIEARIS, Hiibner. Archiearis pusilla, n. 8. Primaries above dark grey, crossed by three or four irregular black lines; a longitudinal orange streak, tapering from its outer extremity below the median vein, interrupted by the marginal border and outer discal line ; fringe with a pale brown basal line; secondaries bright orange; base longitudinally streaked with black; a rounded spot at the end of the cell, an angular discal stripe, and the outer margin, which is connected below the middle with the angular stripe, black ; body black ; primaries below orange-ochreous, with greyish internal border ; a spot at the end of the cell, and a sinuous discal line, black ; apex and outer margin dark brown ; a small white subapical costal spot; secondaries paler than above (pale buff excepting in the middle) with black markings as above ; body below grey. Expanse of wings, 24 mm. ‘“‘ Valparaiso, throughout the summer.”—T’. E. ENNOMIDA. EKvueonta, Hiibner. Hugonia undilineata, n. s. Cream-coloured; primaries with the basal four-fifths and the external border densely striated with ochreous ; two brownish olivaceous stripes, the first Z-shaped across the basal third, the second limiting the striated area near the external third, and widely undulated ; a black dot at the end of the cell; secondaries with ochraceous- speckled external border and testaceous fringe; a minute black dot at the end of the cell; thorax ochreous; head and abdomen pale creamy buff; under surface cream- coloured, sprinkled, especially on the costal areas and external borders, with ochraceous scales ; a few widely scattered minute black scales ; fringes ochreous ; a black spot at the end of each cell, and beyond it a wavy ochraceous discal stripe ; pectus ochreous; anterior legs above brown, banded with white ; the tarsi white, banded with pale brown; other legs whity-brown. Expanse of wings, 39 mm. Chili. 88 Mr. A. G. Butler on Heterocerous Lepidoptera A species of the family Hepialide has been described by Berg in the ‘ Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argen- tina’ for 1882 (April to June), p. 30, n. 31, under the name of Aipytus dimidiatus, from Chili; it appears to be a large and fresh male of my Dalaca hemileuca, of which it will in that case be a synonym. Five other Geometers must be also added to Mr. Ed- monds’ captures :— An apparently new genus of Macariide, which at present I hesitate to name owing to its imperfect con- dition ; it is a pretty silvery-white species, the primaries crossed by an ill-defined angulated darker band, black- edged towards costa, and enclosing two orange spots. It was obtained from Reed’s collection, and was probably captured in Valdivia. The second species is an Ypsipetes, very aberrant in colouring, and which, therefore, puzzled me greatly. Ypsipetes chiloénsis, n. 8. Primaries above sandy yellow, sparsely speckled with black, and traversed by two series of black spots indi- cating the limits of the ordinary central belt; a third series upon the outer margin; an oblique blackish dash just above the middle of the external area ; fringe spotted with blackish; secondaries much whiter than the pri- maries, but still of a pale sandy yellow tint irrorated with grey ; an oblique grey dash across the abdominal area beyond the middle; a marginal series of depressed blackish spots; body coloured in accordance with the wings, the thorax being darker than the abdomen ; pri- maries below washed with smoky grey, excepting at the borders, which are black-speckled ; only the outer series of black spots visible; an additional black spot at the end of the cell; secondaries cream-coloured, irrorated with brown; a small blackish disco-cellular spot and a zigzag discal line; body below cream-coloured; legs irrorated with greyish. LExpanse of wings, 35 mm. ‘‘Chiloé, from Reed’s collection.” —T. E. There are also two very worn specimens from the Cauquenes of what probably represent a new species of Selidosema: they are not good enough to describe. With the latter I found associated four examples of what I collected in Chili. 89 believe to be Blanchard’s Tephrosia undularia (also in very bad condition); if I am right in my supposition, the species must be referred to the genus Hubolia. Lastly, a species of Psaliodes appears to have been overlooked ; it is a very distinct form, and is represented by three male examples in Mr. Edmonds’ collection. Psaliodes mathewt, n.s. Pale smoky brown, with a faint pink gloss; base darker, with angular outer edge, two parallel subbasal dark brown lines, followed by a blackish-edged narrow dark band forming the inner limit of the central belt ; a short distance beyond this is a second somewhat similar band forming the outer limit of the central belt, and between the two is a conspicuous small black disco- cellular spot; disc reddish towards the centre, crossed by three irregularly undulated parallel dark brown lines, and interrupted upon the external area by a large, almost wedge-shaped, greyish white patch, with sinuated inner edge, extending from near apex to the first median branch ; fringe flesh-tinted, traversed by two grey stripes, the inner one interrupted by a series of black spots ; secondaries crossed beyond the middle by three irregularly arched parallel grey stripes; fringe crossed by a grey stripe; thorax greyish ; collar varied with dark brown ; abdomen pale brown; under surface shining greyish brown, with cupreous reflections; wings crossed by a pale discal band, margined and intersected by three undulated dark grey lines; a very slender interrupted black marginal line ; fringe in certain lights showing the stripes of the upper surface. Expanse of wings, 22 mm. ‘** Valparaiso, in March.”—T. E. TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT I. (MARCH.) H 90 Lepidoptera collected in Chili. EXPLANATION OF PuaTE XI. Fic. 1. Phycopterus flavellus, Blanch., p. 54. 2. P. signariellus, Blanch., p. 54. 3. Taseopteryx sericea, Butl., p. 64. 4, Gnectra fulvaria, Blanch., p. 68. 5. Arctopoda maculosa, 9, Butl., p. 67. 6. Teras blanchardii, Butl., p. 64. 7. T. walsinghamii, Butl., p. 65. 8. Callistenoma zelleri, Butl., p. 80. 8a. Palpus of the same. 9. Agriocoma mimulina, Butl., p. 83. 9a. Palpus of the same. 10. Pisinidea viridis, Butl., p. 83. 11. Palephatus falsus, Butl., p. 82. 12. Cryptolechia phenissa, Butl., p. 81. 12a. Palpus of the same. 13. Pachypheniz sanguinea, Buil., p. 81. 13a. Palpus of Pachypheniz. a) ee) IV. Revision of the species included in the genus Tropi- sternus (fam. Hydrophilide). By D. Smarp. [Read December 6th, 1882.] In working out the Hydrophilide for the ‘ Biologia Cen- trali-Americana,’ I found so much difficulty in discrimi- nating the species of T’ropisternus, and such great con- fusion prevailing about those already described, or, perhaps I should rather say, named, that I have been obliged to submit the whole of the genus to a careful revision. For this purpose I have used only the speci- mens extant in my own collection, and a set of types of the North American species kindly lent me by Dr. Horn: but as several of the older French collections have come into my possession, I have had sufficient material to enable me to elucidate most of the species enumerated in the Munich Catalogue, and to distinguish a few new ones. The difficulty of identifying the older descriptions is extreme; for these insects, like most other water- beetles, are very similar to one another in colour, form, and such minor characters as in other families of Coleoptera are readily perceived, and make the dis- tinction of species by cursory inspection easier than it is in the case of the water-beetles. Careful examination has revealed some important characters for grouping the species, and when the structural characters, by which the members of the different groups are characterised, are appreciated, the task of discriminating the species becomes comparatively easy, for it is frequently species of two quite different groups that bear the greatest super- ficial resemblance to one another. Even after all my efforts, however, I leave a great many questions of specific identity unsolved, and it is quite possible that the species are considerably more numerous than those the method I have adopted has induced me to promul- gate. Among the first points to which I directed my attention was the finding of an external means of dis- tinguishing the two sexes; for the front feet, which are usually of such assistance for this purpose, arein Tropi- TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) I 92 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species sternus quite similar in the males and females. I have found, however, that in the males of a great number of the species there is a small tooth or spine on the under surface of the inner claw on the hinder and middle feet ; and although there are a few species in which I have not detected this external sexual mark, I believe it will ulti- mately be found to exist in all species of the genus. In a few species there is a peculiar sexual difference in the sculpture of the mentum, the males having this part more densely punctate than the other sex. These are the only certain external sexual characters I have been able to detect. In the hope that the structure of the cedeagus might afford a means of distinguishing the species, I have examined it in several forms selected for the purpose, but I find that not only is this organ remarkably minute in the species of this genus, but that it is also exces- sively similar even in very widely different species. The difficulty of distinguishing the species is increased by the fact that two forms of what I may call adventitious sculpture exist in certain individuals of several species. The first of these peculiar sculptures is a pitting of the surface, giving rise to a variolose appearance, and often occurring with great regularity over the whole of the upper surface ; this peculiarity, which is not, I believe, variation, but more probably dependent on some physical condition to which the specimen possessing it is sub- jected during its metamorphosis from the pupal condition, occurs in numerous other Hydrophilide and Dytiscide, and is not unfrequently alluded to by describers as being a specific character. The second form of adventitious sculpture consists in the appearance in certain individuals of two lines of punctures near the outer margin of the wing-case, or near the suture; this character also can scarcely be considered variation, but I believe it depends on the fact that although the species of the genus appear externally to be without series of punctures on the wing-cases, yet in reality these exist in the interior of this part (they are in fact more or less conspicuous on the inner face of the wing-case according to the con- dition of the membrane covering this face) and become occasionally evident externally if the chitinous sub- stance be a little thinner than usual, or from some other cause. After eliminating these sources of confusion, and after included in the genus Tropisternus. 93 arranging the species in groups, there is still much difficulty in distinguishing the species, owing to the variability in some other points. The most important of these is the spine or carina frequently apparent on the last ventral segment; this in certain species, e. g., H. apicipalpis, is very constant in its size and form, but in others (especially in H. lateralis) it is excessively variable, unless it be the case that more than one species is mixed together in these cases of apparent variability. There seems some probability that this latter may be the case, because in the species last named the crest is quite absent in South American individuals, but is nearly always present in individuals from the United States of North America. In Central American individuals it is present in various degrees of develop- ment. A fact of some interest is the presence in numerous species of the genus of an excessively fine squamosity on the polished surfaces of the hind tibie and tarsi. This is somewhat similar to what we find existing more con- spicuously in Hretes, of the family Dytiscide ; it is ex- cessively delicate and very easily removed, and is of interest to the evolutionist inasmuch as it may be con- sidered to be the remnant of a structure formerly more developed, but now in process of disappearing. This peculiarity may be well observed in the common species, T. nitens, Cast. It is still more interesting to observe that in the case of Hretes and Tropisternus this peculiarity of the squamose swimming legs is accompanied by another common to the two, and almost (if not altogether) con- fined to them amongst their allies, viz., the existence on the epipleural margin of short rigid spines. In the T'ropisternt each of these spines is inserted in a large puncture or depression, the shape of which apparently adapts it to receive the spine when depressed, and there is no doubt these spines are mobile and capable of being depressed or erected; these peculiarities present some valuable specific characters, and may be seen to advan- tage in Hydrophilus apicipalpis. In discussing the characters of some of the species I have made use, in speaking of some punctures on the head and thorax, of the term ‘systematic punctures ” ; I allude by this to some punctures which are present with great constancy in the Hydrophilide on these parts 94 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species of the body. On the head there is a series on the clypeus commencing on each side in front of the eye and extending forwards, till near the front of the clypeus it changes its direction by a curve, extending backwards, and converging with its fellow of the other side towards the mesial line of the back of the clypeus ; besides this looped series there is a patch of punctures on the inner margin of the eye; on the thorax there is a lateral line of punctures placed at a little distance from the side about the middle of the length, and there is also an anterior series consisting of two or three punctures placed near the front of the thorax behind the eye on each side. I have not made so much use, as I think I might have done with advantage, of these systematic punctures, and content myself with pointing them out and recommending that attention should be paid to them by future students. As regards the validity of the genus T'ropisternus, I must say that though it has not been admitted by some of our best entomologists, it appears to me incontestable. It was established by Solier in the ‘ Annales de la Société entomologique de France,’ 1834, p. 308, by a dismember- ment from Hydrophilus, in which its species had before been included ; it differs from Hydrophilus by the different proportions of the articulations of the maxillary palpi, the penultimate joint of which is shorter than the ter- minal one, while in Hydrophilus the contrary proportion prevails; the ventral segments in T'ropisternus are entirely pubescent, while in Hydrophilus they always have a large glabrous area. There are also other minor differences, of which an important one is the size of the individuals: the largest T'ropisternus only attains about 15 mm. of length, while the smallest Hydrophilus has about 25 mm., and the largest attains about 45 mm. I think it is clear that we have here an aggregate quite distinct from Hydrophilus. Altogether I have discriminated thirty-five species, but two of these form a distinct new genus on account of the structure of the margins of the wing-cases ; the other thirty-three species are arranged in ten groups, the ten groups forming two very distinct sections. In the Munich Catalogue “of Coleoptera thirty-two species are recorded under ‘the genus ; of these some half-dozen are mere synonyms ; one must be rejected as not belonging to the genus; and about half a dozen others cannot be included in the genus Tropisternus. 95 identified with any species I know. At the end of this paper I have added some short observations on these doubtful names. SrctTion A. Posterior tibize entirely destitute of cilia (or swimming- hairs). This section comprises six groups. Group 1. Species having the fissure on the middle of the prosternum open in front as well as below. (Species 1 to 6). Inall the other groups the divided prosternum as closed in front. The insects combined in this group appear to be extremely closely allied, the distinctions being chiefly in the details of coloration. They all have the upper surface yellow, with metallic green parts on the head, thorax, and elytra: these green marks are placed on the posterior part of the head; on the middle of the thorax ; and on the wing-cases, where they are longitudinal stripes or vittz ; in certain species some or all of these metallic marks become of increased extent so as nearly to cover the whole area of the part on which they are situated, but the margins always remain pale. In other respects the Species agree very closely. The epipleural margin is punctate, but the upper edge, on which the punctures are placed, is very narrow, so that the punctures readily escape observation, although they are in fact large and placed very close to one another; they bear no visible spines, but when the tip of the finger or the edge of a hard instrument is passed over them they are found to be extremely asperate ; they are confined to the posterior half or two-thirds of the margin, no trace of them being visible on the basal portion. The upper inner face of the hind tibia is highly polished, but when examined with a good magnifying-power is seen to be obsoletely sculptured, the shallow punctures being filled up by an extremely fine squamosity. The outer face of the tibia is asperate, with coarse punctures and erect spines, and the line of demarcation between the armed outer face and the smooth inner one is straight, being formed by a series of coarse punctures ; the posterior punctures of this series are not closer to one another than are the basal punctures; they do not diverge (or encroach) on the smooth inner face and are not armed with fine erect sete. ‘I'he sternal spine is very acuminate, not flat, 96 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species much curved away from the body, and is quite as long as the space between the middle and hind coxe. The pubescent space on the base of the hind femur is of moderate size, covering about one-fourth of the whole area of the lower face. The tooth on the claw of the middle and hind feet of the male is placed quite near the apex, and there is no other external mark of distinction between the sexes, so far as I can observe. The last ventral segment is unarmed, except that there exist two or three elongate sete in the middle near the hind margin. The uniformity in structure of the species appears very complete, and if it were not for the absence of intermediate forms they might all be considered as varieties of one widely-distributed species. As regards the peculiarity on which I have specially based the group, I may remark that it was first pointed out by Leconte, and that one effect of the peculiarity is to allow a more complete contraction of the prothorax on to the after-body, owing to the raised mesosternal keel being able to pass slightly beyond the front margin of the fissured prosternum. ‘The group will no doubt ultimately be treated as a distinct genus. 1. Tropisternus scutellaris, Cast. Cast., Hist. Nat., ii., p. 54. Hydrophilus lepidus, Brullé, Voy. d’Orb., Ins., p. 57. Brazil. (Buenos Ayres). This species is very closely allied to Hydrophilus collaris, but the metallic lines on the wing-cases are extremely diminished, and, indeed, are represented only by four small, short streaks placed near the suture, two just behind the middle and two near the extremity ; one or more of these small streaks is occasionally quite obliterated. The epipleural margin is provided with punctures which, although they do not reach to the shoulder, are more distinct in front than they are in H. collaris. The under or inner claw on each of the middle and hind feet is in the male dentate near the extremity ; this is the only external sexual character I can detect. This species appears to be rare. included in the genus Tropisternus. 97 2. Hydrophilus collaris, Fab. Fab., Ent. Syst., 1., p. 184. Tropisternus collaris, Cast., Hist. Nat., il., p. 54. South America, from Caracas to Entre Rios ; Panama ; Mexico ?; St. Domingo ?. Panama; Caracas, Cumana ; Colombia ; Ega, Tapajos; Bahia; Rio de J aneiro; Santa Cruz. In this species the yellow elytra are marked with longitudinal stripes of a metallic-green lustre. These stripes are four in number, in addition to the suture, which also is green ; they are not quite straight, and are usually broader than the spaces of the yellow ground colour by which they are separated ; behind the middle two or more of them frequently unite; the 2nd and 8rd of these green stripes are longer behind than the other two, and when carefully examined it is seen that their hinder parts are portions grafted (as it were) on to the anterior portions, there being left a more or less distinct irregularity at the point of juncture, which is an over- lapping one; the lateral portion of the wing-cases is always broadly pale. The species is apparently a very abundant one in South America, and varies a little in colour, but not very much; the metallic mark on the middle of the thorax varies a little in width, and is sometimes a mere line, and is never quite half as broad as it is long, but its width and definiteness are frequently rendered in- distinct by its being surrounded by a cloud of fuscous or dark colour, probably the result of decomposition of the prothoracic muscular tissue. The epipleural margin is very fine behind the middle, so that the punctures on it are not easily detected, and cannot be traced at all in front of the hind border of the posterior coxe. St. Domingo was given as the locality for an individual in Doué’s collection; and in that of the late W. W. Saunders there were several individuals labelled Mexico. 3. Tropisternus proximus, 0. 8. Superne testaceus, vertice, linea mediali prothoracis, scutello, lineis quatuor elytrorum aliisque fractis inter- jectis viridi-metallicis. Long. 9—10 mm. Cuba. 98 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species This differs only from Hydrophilus collaris, Fab., by the fact that the green marks I have spoken of in H. collaris as being grafted on to the posterior portions of the 2nd and 8rd green lines on the wing-cases are in T’. proximus not joined thereto, but are continued for- wards on the yellow interstice as separate (more or less broken up) lines. In 7’. mexicanus these intercalated lines exist entire, not broken up as in JT’. proximus. Whether this peculiarity of markings really indicates a distinct species I cannot say, but it appears to me at any rate an interesting local race; and I could not say whether, if a race, it is an offset from T'ropisternus meaicanus or from Hydrophilus collaris. The individuals in my possession are from old French ‘collections, and some of them are labelled ‘ approi- matus,’’ but I have preferred a shorter trivial name. 4. Tropisternus mexicanus, Cast. Cast., Hist. Nat., i, p. 54; Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., pus 219 oo, spiel, fos Central America, from Mexico to Nicaragua. In this species there are six elongate green lines on each wing-case ; in some individuals these lines are con- nected together into one large mass of dark colour by an infuscation or discoloration of the surface, and in such specimens there usually exists also a dark cloud round the central mark on the thorax ; examples in this state resemble extremely the North American H. strio- latus, but the punctuation of the wing-cases is less fine in this latter species. The sculpture of the epipleural margin is quite as indistinct in 7’. mexicanus as it is in Hydrophilus collaris. 5. Hydrophilus striolatus, Lec. Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 357. North America. (Southern United States) ; (Mexico ?). This is very closely allied to 7’. mexicanus, but the punctuation of the wing-cases is evidently coarser and more distinct, and the sculpture of the epipleural margin can be traced further forwards; the yellow intervals separating the green lines are usually very small, and frequently cannot be detected at all; the metallic colour included in the genus Tropisternus. 99 on the thorax occupies the greater portion of its area, leaving frequently only a narrow irregular border pale. The specimens before me seem to indicate that there may possibly be two distinct species mixed in collections, one characterised by the complete confluence of the metallic lines on the wing-cases, and the large development of the metallic colour on the thorax would then be new. I have an individual of this dark form labelled as being from New York, but I do not know whether this be correct, and Leconte records the species only from the Southern States. The Mexican habitat requires con- firmation, as it is given on the authority of an individual from an old French collection labelled ‘‘ H. strigatus, Chevrolat, Mexique.” 6. Tropisternus parananus, Ni. 8. Superne viridi-fuscus, pernitidus, limbo testaceo; pedibus testaceis, femoribus basi nigricantibus. Long. 9 mm. Parana. This species is similar in colour to Hydrophilus strio- latus, but in sculpture to H. collaris. The head and - thorax are of a metallic colour, with the front margin of the former and the sides of the latter yellow. The stripes on the elytra are placed as in the South American species, but are connected by fuscous colour into a large mass of dark colour, leaving only the lateral margin yellow. The sculpture of the epipleural margin is quite as indistinct as it is in H. collaris. I have before me only a single individual. Group 2. Sternal spine flat and broad, quite short, not extending further backwards than the first visible ventral suture; maxillary palpi shorter than in any of the other species ; setigerous punctures on each side of prothorax agglomerated into a small depression having the appearance of a single large puncture; pubescent area on posterior femur almost absent. (Species 7 to 9). The species of this group appear to be rarer than the other Tropisterni ; their individuals have the upper sur- face unicolorous, and the epipleural margin is either 100 Mr. D. harp’s revision of the species crenate-punctate or smooth. I have not found amongst the individuals in my collection any with the claws toothed, and am not aware that any external mark by which the sexes may be distinguished exists. 7. Tropisternus breviceps, n.s. Crassus, latus, sat convexus, niger, nitidus, parum metallescens, palpis concoloribus, crebre subtiliter punc- tulatus ; mento fortiter punctato ; elytrorum linea mar- ginali levigata. Long. 11 mm., lat. 6} mm. Brazil (from Reiche’s collection under the name of T’. crassus). I have before me only a single individual of this peculiar species, remarkable for its short broad form. The palpi are remarkably short, and are dark in colour. The mentum is shining, but is deeply and rather coarsely punctate. The posterior punctures of the clypeal series are reduced to two or three on each side; the punctures near the inner margin of the eye are numerous, but are irregularly placed. The hind tibie have a series of punctures bordering their smooth internal face; each of these punctures bears a short fine spine, the series does not extend to the apex, and the terminal punctures are not different from the others. The sternal spine is short and broad, and its apex is carinate in the middle. The last ventral segment is not carinate, but bears at the extremity a minute and short, rather thick, pencil of sete. The pubescent area of the posterior femur is confined to a small space extending along the anterior margin. 8. Tropisternus brevicollis, Sharp. Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2. p. 56, pl. u1., f. 4. Mexico. Allied to JT’. breviceps, but of much narrower form, with the surface less punctate, and the clypeal and orbital punctures still more reduced; the mentum is less punctate ; the sternal spine not so short and broad, not carinate; the last ventral segment plicate along the middle, the fold, however, but little elevated. The unique individual in my possession was compared with Dejean’s collection of Hydrophilus by Mulsant at the time this passed into the possession of the Lyons Museum, and was marked as a species ‘‘ not in Dejean’s collection.” included in the genus T'ropisternus. 101 9. Hydrophilus nitidulus, Brullé. Brullé, Voy. d’Orb., Ins., p. 55. Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) ; (Mexico, in coll. Laferté). This species is readily to be distinguished from the others of its group by the punctate or crenate epipleural margin, the sculpture not, however, extending to the base. The hind legs are elongate and slender, the mar- ginal series of punctures has the apical punctures so crowded together as to be nearly confluent into a groove, and each bearing a fine, short, erect seta. The apical ventral segment is strongly carinate, and the apex of the carina projects as a short spine. The individual, supposed to be from Mexico, is of smaller size than the Brazilian examples, and is of more metallic colour, and the apex of the abdominal carina is less spinose. It may prove to belong to a different species. The specimen is unfortunately in very bad condition. Group 8. Sternal spine flat and broad, rather short, but extending backwards a little beyond the first ventral suture; maxillary palpi elongate ; setigerous punctures on each side of prothorax agglomerated into a small depression ; pubescent area on posterior femur of moderate extent; posterior tibia with its smooth inner face limited above by a series of punctures which do not extend to the extremity, the apical punctures crowded so as to be almost confluent into a groove, which diverges slightly on to the polished inner face, and each bearing a fine, short, erect seta. (Species 10 to 18). The species of this group are apparently not common, and are very closely allied in all structural points, although one of them is remarkable from the unusual development of the eyes. ‘The size and form of the pubescent area on the hind femur seems very similar in all the species ; at the hind margin its limit extends just beyond the apex of the trochanter, and stretches across the femur in an oblique manner, reaching further out- wards as it goes forwards, so that on the front margin it extends about two-fifths of the length of the femur; altogether it covers about one-fourth of the whole area of the lower face of the femur. 102 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species 10. Tropisternus oculatus, Sharp. Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 58, pl. il, f. 6. Mexico; South America; Colombia. This species may be readily distinguished from all others known to me by the larger eyes; the upper sur- face is of an olivaceous tint, and the maxillary palpi, as well as the ventral spine, are very elongate. In the individual labelled ‘“‘ New Grenada” in my collection the systematic punctures near the side of the thorax are not concentrated into so minute a fovea as they are in other individuals. The habitat Mexico is undoubtedly correct, Mr. Godman haying recently received two individuals from Presidio; the species existed in Doué’s collection, labelled ‘‘ H. congener, South America”; it was also in Reiche’s collection, labelled ‘‘H. xanthopus, Reiche, Colombie,” and in Laferté’s, where it was ticketed ‘‘ New Grenada.” 11. Tropisternus flavipalpis, nu. 8. Superne niger, metallico-tinctus, antennarum. basi palpisque testaceis, pedibus rufis, femoribus basi nigris ; . subtilius punctatus, pernitidus; elytrorum linea margi- nali subtiliter crenato-punctata, in dimidio basali levi- gata ; abdominis apice sat longe spinoso. Long. 11 mm., lat. 64 mm. Mexico (from W. W. Saunders’ collection). This is very similar to 7’. oculatus, but the eyes are not so largely developed, and the ventral spine is less elongate. Although I have described the epipleural line as without punctures on the anterior half, yet by careful examination, with a very strong lens, of a perfectly cleaned specimen, very minute punctures can be detected. The only individual I have seen is apparently a male, but the tooth on the claws is placed at the extreme base, on the swollen part of the claw, and thus is not easily detected. 12. Tropisternus chontalensis, Sharp. Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 57. Central America. This is extremely close to 7’. flavipalpis, but the legs are darker, and the apical ventral segment bears a very included in the genus T'ropisternus. 103 strongly elevated carina, the apex of which is liberated so as to form only a very short spine. The unique in- dividual appears tobe afemale; at any rate I can detect no trace of a tooth on the claws. 13. Tropisternus robustus, n. s. Niger, superne subviolaceo-tinctus, antennarum basi palpisque testaceis; subtilius punctatus, pernitidus, elytris versus apicem fere levigatis; elytrorum linea marginali fortiter punctata; abdominis apice longius spinoso. Long. 12 mm., lat. 7 mm. Ecuador (found by Mr. Buckley). Var.-Femoribus versus apicem rufescentibus, abdo- minis spina paulo minore. (Hab. Cayenne ?; from Doué’s collection under the name of Hydrophilus femoratus, Buquet). This species is rather more robustly built than its allies, and may be readily identified by the sculpture of the epipleural margin, which is conspicuous along the whole length. I have not detected a tooth, in the few Specimens at my disposal, on the claws. The two indi- viduals found by Mr. Buckley have the legs darker than those from the old French collections, and it is possible that ultimately these latter may prove distinct. Group 4. Sternal spine very elongate and not in the least flattened, much curved away from the body; other characters as in Group 8. A single species only is yet known, viz. :— 14. Hydrophilus latus, Brulle. brulle, Voy. d’Orb.,.Ins., p. 55, pl. iv., f. 3. Monte Video. This species is an extremely remarkable one from the large size of its individuals and the greatly developed sternal spine; thus it can be confounded with none other of the species without cilia on the hind tibia. I find a variation in the length of the sternal spine, which in certain individuals extends quite as far back as the third ventral suture, while in others it is a little shorter; I think it possible these latter may be the females. I have not detected any other character- by which I can 104 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species distinguish the sexes. The epipleural margin is con- _ Spicuously punctured up to the base, and the ventral spine is elongate and rather slender. Group 5. Sternal spine broad and rather flat and short, but extending beyond the first ventral suture ; pubescent area of posterior femur of large extent, occupying about one-half of the lower face of the femur; last ventral segment armed with elongate spine; stature large. (Species 15 to 17). 15. Hydrophilus apicipalpis, Chev. Chev., Col. Mex., fase. 3. Mexico; Guatemala ; Colombia ; Cayenne. This species is of large stature, and usually black in colour, with a slight eneous tinge, but occasionally the surface shows somewhat brilliant metallic reflections ; the punctuation of the wing-cases is very dense and even, and, although very fine, is quite distinct, and there may always be detected (when a specimen is well cleaned) on each wing-case the rudiments of seven or eight striz formed by lines of very fine punctures. The form is peculiar, the hind portion of the wing-cases is more elongate than usual, and so the posterior part of the body appears more acuminate. The male has a very fine tooth at the base of the under claw on the middle and hind feet. 16. Tropisternus chalybeus, Cast. Cast., Hist. Nat. ii., p. 58. T. nitidus, Cast., l.c. Hydrophilus chalybeatus, Curt., Trans. Linn. Soe. xix., p. 42 Mexico ; Guatemala; Panama; Colombia; Cayenne ; Amazons (from water standing in a canoe, Rio Sappo, 21st Nov., 1874, Prof. Trail) ; Brazil; Guadeloupe. This species is readily distinguished by the beautiful colour of the upper surface, which is violet, purple, or blue. It varies a good deal in size and in the colour of the legs, but I am unable at present to distinguish more than one species. I have preferred the trivial name of chalybeus to that of nitidus, although the two were pub- lished at the same time, because there exists also a nitidulus and a nitens in the genus. included in the genus Tropisternus. 105 17. Tropisternus crassus, Sharp. Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 55. Guatemala. Very closely allied to T. chalybeus, and approached on one or more points by some of the varieties of that species, but of shorter and broader form, with the legs shorter, and the pubescent area on the femora compara- tively a little larger. Group 6. Sternal spine not flat, acuminate, of moderate length, extending nearly or quite to 2nd ventral suture ; pubescent area of posterior femur of moderate extent (occupying about one-fourth of the whole area of the lower face) ; last ventral segment unarmed. (Species 18 and 19). The two species of this group are not closely allied. T.. nitens is variable in size and form, and is more likely to cause difficulty in its identification than any other species of the genus, owing to the superficial resemblance it possesses to species of other groups. J’. ovalis, on the other hand, is, by its small size and peculiar form, more readily distinguished at a glance than any other species of the genus. In both species the epipleural margin is punctate even at the base. 18. Tropisternus nitens, Cast. Cast., Hist. Nat., i1., p. 54. From Mexico to Rio de Janeiro. (Mexico; Guatemala ; Colombia; Venezuela; Demerara; Bahia; Rio de Janeiro ; Santa Cruz). In this species the 6th joint of the antenna is slightly larger than in most others of the genus, but is a good deal smaller than it is in 7. ovalis. It is one of the - most abundant species of the genus, and varies much ; the length is between 64 mm. and 103} mm.; the colour of the upper surface is usually shining black, but some- times is strongly metallic; the form is rather narrow, and sometimes attenuate behind, sometimes rounded, 106 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species 19. Tropisternus ovalis, Cast. Cast., Hist. Nat., ii., p.54; Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., 1.5. Pb. 25 lene ele Oe From Mexico to Bahia. Oaxaca; Guatemala; Co- lombia (Coll. Reiche) ; Bahia (Coll. Castlenau). The individuals of this species are of smaller size than others of the genus, except the smallest individuals of T’. nitens ; the form is peculiarly short and broad, the createst width being near the extremity behind, and the punctuation of the upper surface is more distinct and less dense than usual; these characters, in combination with the unusual development of the 6th joint of the antenna, permit the easy identification of the species ; it appears to be rare in collections. Srotion B. Posterior tibie with an elongate series of swimming- hairs placed in a groove extending along the outer mar- gin of their upper-inner face, from the knee to near the extremity. This section comprises groups 7 to 10. The species in this section are more closely allied inter se than are many of the species of the A section, and I have separated them into groups merely to facilitate the determination of species. Group 7. Upper surface without yellow cincture, the mar- gins being nearly or quite concolorous ; epiplewral margin distinctly punctate from the humeral angle to near the extremity. (Species 20 to 27). In this group I have placed eight species; the first two of these, T'ropisternus concolor and Hydrophilus ellipticus, have the lateral systematic punctures on the thorax reduced to one or two on each side, while in all the other species they form a short, sometimes irregular, line of five or six punctures. In all the species the sternal spine is of moderate length, or is rather elon- gate; it is never short or flattened beneath ; the pube- scent area at the base of the hind femur is either small or very small. The armature of the last ventral seg- ment is very variable in this group of species. included in the genus Tropisternus. 107 20. T'ropisternus concolor, Sharp. Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 87. Mexico and Guatemala. This species, by the deep coarse punctures on the epi- pleural margin, resembles 7’. nigrinus, but T’. concolor is of shorter and broader form, more rounded behind, with the sculpture of the upper surface excessively fine, and the systematic punctures at the side of the thorax are more concentrated, for, while in 7’. nigrinus they form a moderately short line, in 7’. concolor they are nearly or quite concentrated into a group placed in a small round depression. 21. Hydrophilus ellipticus, Lec. Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 368. North America (New Mexico, California, Utah). This species is readily distinguished from its North American allies by the fact that the systematic punc- tures on the side of the thorax are much reduced, there being only two, placed very near one another (or even amalgamated), but occasionally at a distance on one or both sides of these may be seen another much finer puncture, marking the beginning or end of the series as it exists in other species. The form is broader and more obtuse behind than it is in H. californicus and H. sub- levis ; the upper surface is very polished, and its sculp- ture extremely fine; the punctures on the epipleural margin are very distinct from the shoulder backwards ; the sternal spine is formed much as in H. californicus ; on the last ventral segment there is only a very obscure carina, and the pubescent area at the base of the pos- terior femur is small; the legs are dark, but marked with yellow. There appears to be little or no sexual difference in the sculpture of the mentum. I have seen only three individuals, from California and Utah. 22. Tropisternus nigrinus, Boh. Boh., Eugen. Resa, Coleoptera, p. 22. Brazil; Rio Grande, Parana, Corrientes; Monte Video (fide Boheman). TRANS. ENT. Soc, 1883.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) K 108 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species This species bears an extreme resemblance to some of the varieties of 7’. nitens, but can be readily distinguished by the ciliate posterior tibie. The sternal spine is rather short and stout, not extending quite so far as the hind margin of the 2nd ventral segment; it is punctate, but not quite flat, and is thick in the vertical direction. The apical ventral segment has only the rudiment of a carina. The punctuation of the elytra is very fine, that of the epipleural margin quite coarse, even at the base. The legs are rather short and stout, usually dark in colour, and the upper face of the hind tibia is rather closely squamose-punctate. I have had some doubt in determining this to be Boheman’s TJ’. nigrinus, but, although he does not allude to the important facts as to the condition of the tibie, epipleural margin, &c., his description on the whole accords better with this species than with any other I know, and I have therefore applied his name to it. Most of the individuals I have seen are from old French collections, and are labelled either ‘‘ ebenus, De}.,”’ or “‘ geniculatus, Klug.” 23. Hydrophilus ochripes, Curt. Curt., Trans. Linn. Soce., xix. (1845), p. 443. Chili; Bolivia ; Southern Brazil; La Plata; Buenos Ayres ; Monte Video ; Corrientes ; Rio de Janeiro. In this species the legs are nearly always yellow; the punctuation of the upper surface is fine and regular, but quite distinct ; although the epipleural margin is not broad, its punctuation is quite distinct even at the shoulder ; the sternal spine is slender and elongate, reaching as far as the extremity of the 2nd ventral seg- ment, and is without punctures ; there is only a very faint indication of any carina on the last ventral segment. The more slender elongate and glabrous sternal spine readily distinguishes this species from 7’. nigrinus. The description of Curtis, though brief and without allusion to any of the most important characters, applies better to this species than to any other known to me, and as the habitat he gives (‘‘ Valparaiso and Brazil ’’) also agrees, I have used his name without much hesita- tion ; he describes the upper surface as being “‘ piceous, with a violet tint”; this is sometimes the case, but more frequently itis nearly pure shining black. The species appears to be a common one, included in the genus Tropisternus. 109 24. Hydrophilus sublevis, Lec. Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 368. Hydrophilus quadristriatus, Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1871, p. 381. North America. This species appears to be closely allied to H. cali- fornicus, but to be narrower and smaller, and with the _ pubescent area at the base of the hind femur rather larger; the apical ventral segment has a_ strongly elevated carina, the apex of which projects beyond the extremity of the segment. There seems to be no sexual difference in the sculpture of the mentum. In other respects the species seems very similar to H. cali- fornicus. I have seen only a pair of the species, so can form no opinion as to its variation; in both these individuals the legs are nearly entirely pale yellow. 25. Hydrophilus californicus, Lec. Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 367. North America (California). This species may be readily distinguished from H. glaber by its less punctate upper surface, and by the last ventral segment bearing only a carina or plica instead of the spine existing in H. glaber. The systematic punc- tures on the side of the prothorax form a somewhat short and irregular line; the sculpture of the epipleural margin is distinct from the shoulder backwards. The sternal spine is curved away from the body, and is elon- gate, narrow, and deep, formed, in fact, as in H. glaber, but scarcely so long and stout; the apical ventral seg- ment bears a plica or carina; and the pubescent area at the base of the hind femur is quite small. There is a striking sexual disparity in the sculpture of the mentum and the lateral portions of the submentum, the punctuation of these parts being much denser in the male than in the female. The species is variable, and there may be more than one mixed under the name. In one form there is a well- marked development of coarse punctuation on the sides , 110 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species of the elytra towards the extremity, while in other specimens this additional sculpture is quite absent ; this latter form is usually of darker and less metallic colour. 26. Hydrophilus glaber (Herbst ?), Lec. Lee., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 868. North America; Haiti. In this species the punctuation of the upper surface is quite distinct and evenly distributed, but does not give rise to a dull appearance; the systematic punctures on the prothorax form a somewhat short line; the sternal spine is elongate and much curved away from the body, and is rounded beneath, not flattened ; the apical ventral segment bears a very distinct free spine. The epipleural sculpture is coarse and distinct from the base to near the apex. It appears to be variable, or there may be more than one species under the name; the pubescent area of the posterior femur is sometimes quite small, but in other cases is rather more extensive; the ventral spine also varies somewhat in its development. It seems scarcely possibly that this species can be that intended by Herbst in his description of Hydrophilus glaber; he calls his insect ‘‘ glaberrimus,” and repeats that it has the head, thorax, and elytra quite impunctate, whereas the punctuation of the upper surface is in this Species quite conspicuous, and more developed than in any other of the genus, except H. mixtus, Lec. It appears to be abundant throughout the United States of North America. 27. Hydrophilus nixtus, Lec. Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 368. North America; United States ; New York. This is extremely closely allied to H. glaber, but the punctuation of the upper surface is much denser, so that the elytra towards the sides and extremity are dull. The pubescent area on the hind femur is larger than in some of the varieties of H. glaber, but other forms of this latter species have the area quite as extensive as in H, nixtus, included in the genus Tropisternus. + 111 Group 8. Upper surface with a yellow marginal cincture ; epipleural margin rather finely punctate, the punctures distinct, however, even at the base. (Species 28 and 29). ; Two species are included in this group; they do not differ in any important respect from Group 7, but I have separated them because the yellow marginal band gives them a rather different appearance. 28. Hydrophilus lateralis, Fab. Fab., Syst. Ent., p. 228. America, North and South, including the Antilles. United States, from New York southwards, abundant ; Mexico and Central America, abundant; Cuba, Antigua, St. Thomas; Rio Janeiro, Constancia, Buenos Ayres, Chili. In this species the form is rather slender and elongate, and the upper surface shining, closely, very finely, and evenly punctate ; the yellow cincture is subject to a good deal of variation in its width and regularity, but usually is narrower on the wing-cases than on the thorax, be- coming on the former narrower as it proceeds backwards, so that it nearly entirely disappears before reaching the suture at the apex ; the systematic punctures on the side of the thorax are fine and form a rather short irregular line ; the epipleural margin is narrow, so that the punc- tures on it are not coarse, but they are quite distinct from the shoulder backwards ; the sternal spine is rather elongate and slender, and the apical ventral segment is either unarmed or bears a carina or plica of variable ele- vation and length ; the pubescent area at the base of the hind femur is quite small; the legs are yellow, with the femora infuscate to a variable extent. The male has a distinct tooth on the inner claw of the middle and pos- terior feet, and this is the only certain external sexual mark I can detect. The species varies much in the breadth and regularity of the yellow cincture on the head, thorax, and wing- cases ; sometimes it is broader on one or other of these, and sometimes, but rarely, on the wing-case it becomes rather broader and more irregular at the apex. The armature of the last ventral plate also varies greatly ; 112 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species sometimes there is only a scarcely visible elevation bear- ing two or three sete, while in other cases there is a strongly-elevated plica, the extremity of which projects backwards to a greater or less extent as a free spine. I have been quite unable to arrange the numerous variations in such a way as to indicate distinct species ; nevertheless it may prove that there is more than one truly distinct species mixed under the name. In South America the last ventral segment is apparently always simple, and in North America is never quite simple, but always more or less distinctly carinate or subspinose ; in Mexico and Central America there exists a great deal of variation in this character. 29. Hydrophilus dorsalis, Brulle. Brullé, Voy. d’Orb., p. 57, pl. 4, f. 61. Hydrophilus limbalis, Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1865, p- 367. America, North and South. Arizona, California, New Grenada, Peru; Chili, Corrientes (teste Brullé). So far as I can see, this insect is only different from H. lateralis by the greater extension of the yellow colour of the upper surface, the lateral band of the wing-case occupying about two-fifths of the width, and at the base nearly always extending inwards towards the scutellum. If | may express an opinion, from the few specimens I have seen, I should say that, as in H. lateralis, the last ventral segment has its carina more developed in North America than in South America. Group 9. Upper surface without a yellow cincture; epi- pleural margin with rather fine and somewhat distant punctures at or behind the middle, but without sculpture at the shoulder. (Species 80 to 82). The three species I have here associated are separated from Group 7 merely as a matter of convenience in determining the species; J’. zanthopus, in fact, has not the epipleure quite impunctate at- the base, careful examination revealing fine punctures on this part. included in the genus Tropisternus. 113 30. Tropisternus xanthopus, Sharp. Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 59. Mexico (Oaxaca). In this species also the legs are yellow. It is closely allied to H. ochripes, Curt., but is of more elongate and narrow form, the punctuation of the wing-cases is more distinct, and the sternal spine is shorter, though other- wise similar; the epipleural margin is narrow, and its sculpture on the basal portion obsolete. 31. T'ropisternus lancifer, n. 8. Niger, parum metallescens, palpis antennarumque basi testaceis, pedibus rufis; latiusculus, minus convexus, capite thoraceque sat fortiter, elytris parce subtilissime punctatis; margine pleurali antice levi, ad medium parce parum distincte punctato ; spina sternali elongata, tenui; abdominis apice carina obscura sed ad mar- ginem posteriorem distincte elevata. Long. 10—11 mm., lat. 53 mm. Colombia. Punctuation of head and thorax quite distinct and not close, their systematic punctures deeply impressed, those on the side of the thorax forming a short line; wing- cases sparingly and extremely finely punctulate; the epipleural margin is not punctate at the base, behind the middle it is narrow, and bears not very distinct distant punctures. The legs are elongate and slender ; the sternal spine is elongate and slender, extending a little beyond the 2nd ventral suture ; on the last ventral segment there is a short carina, which at the apex is distinctly elevated. The species is readily distinguished from TT’. ochripes by the indistinct punctuation of the epipleural margin. 32. Tropisternus fuscitarsis, Sharp. Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 58. Mexico, Guatemala ; Colombia (fide Mus. Castlenau). This is a species in which the colour of the legs appears variable. It has the punctuation of the epi- pleure indistinct, asin 7’. lancifer, but is readily dis- tinguished from that species by the shorter, more depla- 114 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species nate, sternal spine, and by the denser and more even punctuation of the upper surface, there being in T. fuscitarsis but little difference between the punctuation of the thorax and the wing-cases, this being very close and fine on both these parts, and even denser on the thorax than on the elytra. The systematic punctures on the side of the prothorax seem to be in this species more variable than usual; sometimes there are three or four of them forming a short irregular line, while more usually they are concentrated into a small fossa. Group 10. Epipleural margin quite destitute of sculpture or spines. The interesting species isolated to form this group makes a slight approximation to the genus Plewrhomus by the quite smooth epipleural margin. 33. Tropisternus tinctus, Sharp. Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., 1., pt. 2, p. 59. Mexico. This species is readily identified by the complete absence of sculpture on the epipleural margin, and by the fact that the edge of the epipleura on the basal por- tion of the wing-case, when seen beneath, forms a less sharp edge than usual. There is an extreme sexual difference in the sculpture of the mentum, this part in the male being densely and finely rugulose-punctate and opaque. PLEURHOMUS, 0. g. Structura fere generis T'ropisterni sed elytrorum epi- pleuris pone coxas posteriores omnino angustis, haud ad faciem elytri interiorem applicatis ; margine epipleurali omnino levigato. I have separated two species from the other T’ropisterni on account of a peculiar structure of the margin of the wing-case. In the species of Tropisternus the epipleura behind the posterior coxe is folded in, so that a line (which is the inner or lower margin of the epipleura) is seen running along the inner face of the wing-case at a little distance from its outer edge. In the two species of Pleurhomus this is not the case ; the epipleura behind the included in the genus Tropisternus. 115 coxa becomes gradually narrower, but is not so abruptly turned in, till just before the extremity, where it is folded in and applied to the inner face, as in T'ropisternus. The two species are peculiar by their rather broad form, much attenuate behind; they are very distinct from one another, Tropisternus obscurus having the swimming-legsrather stout and their tibie ciliate, whereas in Pleuwrhomus sahlbergi the swimming-legs are slender and their tibiz entirely destitute of ciliz; thus the two species form two sections similar to what obtains in Tropisternus. In both species the pubescent area at the base of the hind femur is quite small. 1. Plewrhomus sahlbergi, un. 8. Ovalis, convexus, posterius attenuatus, pernitidus, supra fusco-eneus, antennis, palpis pedibusque anteri- oribus testaceis, pedibus posterioribus piceis; elytris sparsim punctatis. Long. 63 mm., lat. 3} mm. Brazil. The punctuation of the upper surface in this species is quite distinct, but is rather more sparing than usual, especially on the wing-cases, where, too, the punctures are not all of one size, there being distinctly larger punctures scattered amongst the finer ones. The syste- matic punctures on the side of the thorax form a short line, and the epipleural margin is without the least trace of sculpture or spines. The sternal spine is short, flat, and punctate, and there is not the least trace of any carina on the last ventral segment. The hind legs are very slender, the upper-inner face of their tibie is extremely polished and without any trace of ciliation. I have a single individual of this remarkable little species sent to me by Prof. Sahlberg, of Helsingfors, as No. 2881 ; it was discovered by his father at Santa Rita, in Brazil, in September, 1850. 2. Tropisternus obscurus, Sharp. Sharp, Biol. Cent. Am., i., pt. 2, p. 60, pl. ii., f. 7. Guatemala. In this species the punctuation of the upper surface is very fine, and is evenly distributed, except that it is denser on the head and thorax than it is on the wing- eases; the systematic punctures on the side of the 116 Mr. D. Sharp’s revision of the species prothorax form a slightly irregular line; the epipleural margin is entirely without sculpture or spines; the swimming-legs are moderately stout, and their tibie possess a series of swimming-hairs parallel with their upper edge; the sternal spine is of moderate length and not flattened ; the apical ventral segment bears a seti- gerous tubercle near the hind margin. As regards the following species, or rather names of supposed species, I can give no information beyond the appended hints :— Tropisternus agilis, Cast., Hist. Nat., i., p. 53. De- scribed from St. Vincent.—I have not seen any speci- mens from the island in question, but am inclined to think from Castlenau’s few words of description that this may be a distinct species from any known to me. T. binotatus, Walker, Nat. Vancouver, i1., 1866, p. 318. Vancouver’s Island. — Leconte has identified this as being H. limbalis, Lec. (cf. Ann. Nat. Hist., 4 ser., vi., p- 400), so the name should pass into synonymy. T. blandus, Chev., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1868, p. 205. Cuba.—The description of this species does not enable me to form any opinion as to whether it is valid or the name a synonym. Hydrophilus chalybeatus, Curt., Trans. Linn. Soce., xix., p. 442. Brazil.—This is, I think, a mere synonym of T. chalybeus, Cast. Tropisternus levigatus, Boh., Eugen. Resa, p. 22. Rio de Janeiro.—I think this will prove to be a species un- known to me, unless it be a variety of 7. ovalis, Cast. Hydrophilus levis, Sturm, Cat., p. 64, pl. 2, f. 18. Cayenne and Brazil.—I find it quite impossible to come to any conclusion as to what species this refers to. H. lepidus, Brullé, Voy. d’Orb., p. 57, pl. 4, f. 4. Entre Rios.—This is clearly the same as T’. scutellaris, Cast., and, as I believe, though of this I am not quite sure, that the latter name has priority, 1 have adopted it. H. limbalis, Lec., Proc. Ac. Phil., 1855, p. 8367.—Being unable to find any specific difference between North American and South American individuals, I- consider this to be a synonym of H. dorsalis, Brulle. included in the genus Tropisternus. i Uf H. limbatus, Brullé, Voy. d’Orb., p. 56. Brazil.—Brullé seems certainly to have described the Fabrician H. lateralis over again under this name, which (unless some one shall point out characters to distinguish the varieties of H. lateralis as distinct species) must fall into synonymy. Tropisternus mergus, Redt., Hug. Kasch., iv., 2, p. 514. Hindostan.— As the genus T’ropisternus is exclusively South American, there is clearly some error in assigning this species to it, and I have therefore not occupied myself with it. T’. nitidus, Cast., Hist. Nat., ii., p. 58. Guadeloupe. —This is, I consider, a synonym of the same author’s T’.. chalybeus : the dozen words of description do not in- dicate any distinction. Hydrophilus quadristriatus, Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1871, p. 8831.—This has already been recorded by its author as a synonym of H. sublevis, Lec. Tropisternus sellatus, Cast., l.c., p. 54.—For the present this must remain a doubtful species; the description may possibly refer to an individual of H. collaris, dis- coloured by decay. Hydrophilus setiger, Germ., Ins. Spec. Nov., p. 95. Buenos Ayres.—This cannot with certainty be identified from the description, which consists almost entirely of characters common to the whole of the genus. The expression “‘ thoracis lateribus fulvis’’ seems to be quite exceptional, but may perhaps refer to the inflexed margin, which is yellowish or fulvescent in numerous species. ¢?; (\PEESE °) V. On the classification of some families of the Tineina. By E. Meyrick, B.A. [Read December 6th, 1882.] Contrary to my preconceived opinion I have satisfied myself that the family classification of the Lepidoptera, as at present existing, is in the main wholly unsatis- factory. Based as it is entirely upon European types, its deficiencies only become readily apparent when it is attempted to apply the scheme to the fauna of a distinct region. One discovers then how vague and ill-defined the principal families are; the newly-added species destroy all remaining semblance of distinction, and the conclusion is inevitable, that without the aid of a system founded on well-marked and definite characters, the whole science will speedily become involved in hopeless confusion. Two causes have principally contributed to this result, over and above the narrowness of the field of research, viz., over-reliance on superficial characters, and under- estimation of the value of neuration. As a striking instance of the former, take the group of the Tortricina, the classification of which, as at present understood in England, is scientifically quite worthless. The group presents a remarkably small range of variation in the superficial characters of form, marking, and colour, and consequently the same general appearance frequently recurs in distinct genera, and especially frequently in allied genera. Structure has consequently been dis- regarded in the attempt to bring together discordant species, and has even come to be more or less despised as an untrustworthy indication of affinity. Yet the group, which has been considered one of great difficulty (as indeed any group is, if classified on such principles), is really one of the easiest to arrange on a natural system. I have elsewhere (Proc. Linn. Soc. of New South Wales, 1881) given in full my views on the classi- fication of this group, to which I need not further allude TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PART II. (JUNE.) 120 Mr. KE. Meyrick on the now, except to remark that it is accurately separable into three sharply-marked families. Neuration has probably been neglected, as being less easily observed than other characters. Yet, when one has become tolerably familiar with the principal types and deviations of structure, it can almost always be readily discerned by an examination of the under surface of the wings, where the veins usually stand out more prominently. In cases of special difficulty the wing may be rendered momentarily transparent with benzine, but the cilia are sometimes injured in this way. In the Tortricina and larger Tineina the veins can almost in- variably be made out without much trouble. The neuration forms, in my opinion, the most reliable cuide to the classification of the Lepidoptera. In examining large numbers of new species I have been greatly struck by the persistence of its character in particular groups, even when the form of the wings undergoes extreme modifications. I do not mean to affirm that differences of neuration are always of im- portance ; Cerostoma, Lat., and Blabophanes, Z., may be instanced as displaying considerable variation in this respect within genera undoubtedly natural; yet even here the variation is confined to certain limits, and Blabophanes, though hardly two species are identical in neuration, is yet absolutely separable from all its allies by neural characters alone. But in 450 Australian (Ecophoride I found the type of neuration absolutely identical throughout, and in general I have assured myself that it affords a means of defining accurately the natural families of the Tineina, and probably the whole of the Lepidoptera. In the Proc. Linn. Soc. of New South Wales for this year I have pointed out how well it serves to define the natural, yet hitherto practically uncharacterised, genera of the Crambide. And in the present paper I have endeavoured to set forth the con- clusions to which I have been led in the investigation of a principal group of the Tinea; by the result of which I desire that the principles involved may be estimated. It should be kept in mind that, when a group has been defined by considerations of structure alone, if such a eroup is found to be locally distributed so as to be confined to or excluded from one or more zoological regions, the argument for its naturalness is very greatly classification of the Tineina. 121 strengthened, and the case may in general be considered proved without special reason to the contrary. This follows immediately from the first principles of evolu- tion. In the following results I consider the families to be of the same value biologically as the natural orders of plants. I have been obliged to rely mainly on European and Australian species in forming the classification, since those of other regions, though partly known, have been generically too ill characterised to be available for evidence ; but I have included such other exotic genera as it was possible to locate with tolerable certainty. Kven Zeller’s descriptions of exotic genera are com- monly unrecognisable and impracticable when the neu- ration is not given. The neural terminology here employed is that used by von Heinemann and commonly on the Continent, the veins being denoted by numbers, counting from the inner margin to the costa. The genera here classified are almost all included by von Heinemann in his heterogeneous family of the Gelechide, and by Stainton in his Gelechiide and (Hcophoride. Neither of these families, as understood by their authors, admits of definite characterisation, and they are therefore practically useless; and the number of species included is so enormous that, unless united by the possession of very definite characters, they would imperatively call for further subdivision. They do, however, form a connected group, standing at the head of the T'ineina, and conforming to a single type. The essential characters of this type are:—fore wings with 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked ; hind wings with 8 veins ; labial palpi recurved, pointed. The exceptions to any of these characters are very few, and are specified below in their proper place; but the characters are insufficient for definition, since they recur in combination in the Plutellide, Hyponomeutide, and Elachistide, though only occasionally. One character deserves very especial attention, viz., the stalking of veins 7 and 8 of the fore wings; to this there is no exception whatever, the only appearance of one being in the two genera of (icophoride, where these veins coincide throughout instead of par- tially, and in the two genera of Gelechiide, where vein 5 is absent, and therefore the stalked veins are 6 and 7 in actual order of numbering. 122 Mr. E. Meyrick on the I propose a division of these genera into six families, as follows :— GELECHIIDA. Antenne simple (very rarely ciliated in male). Fore wings with 12 veins (rarely 11 or 10 by obsolescence of veins 5 and 10), 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa (rarely to hind margin), 2 from or near angle of cell. Hind wings with 8 veins (rarely 7 by obsolescence of vein 5), 3 and 4 separdte or from a point or stalked, 6 and 7 stalked or separate. Hind wings often much broader than fore wings, or sharply emarginate beneath the produced apex. A very large family, containing in Europe about 450 species, and I have 120 from Australia and New Zealand ; it appears cosmopolitan, and is everywhere largely repre- sented, but is less conspicuous in the southern hemisphere than in the norther», The following is an attempted arrangement of the European genera, though the sub- divisions given are perhaps not accurately definable :— A. Vein 7 of fore wings to costa. a. Veins 3 and 4 of hind wings separate. (Hicocecis, Gn. ProcuEvuusa, Hein. CHILOPSELAPHUS, Mn. *Srrotroca, Hein. *MEGACRASPEDUS, Z. Apopia, Hein. Mesopuuers, H-S. Recurvaria, H-S. CuiEopora, Curt. ANACAMPSIS, Curt. CrutHomaparus, Mn. ArGyrITISs, Hein. ANARSIA, Z. Paciiia, Hein. PsoricopTERa, Stt. Nannopia, Hein. Cuexaria, Hw. Lamprotes, Hein. Parasia, Dup. Monocuroa, Hein. Rurnosia, 7'r. Dorypnora, Hein. SromoprERyx, Hein. Ereatis, Hein. b. Veins 8 and 4 of hind wings from a point or stalked. TELeIA, Hein. ACANTHOPHILA, Hein. *Lita, T'r. TacuyptTinia, Hein. Bryorrorua, Hein. Bracuycrossata, Hein. Bracumia, Hein. CrratopHora, Hein. *GELECHIA, Z. CiapopEs, Hein. classification of the Tineina. 123 Soppronia, Hb. *YpsoLopuus, F’. Hotucopnora, Sigr. Apiuerria, Ld. Norunris, Hb. LecitHocera, H-S. B. Vein 7 of fore wings to hind margin. Evtees, Hein. Symmoca, Hb. Gonta, Hein. To this family belong also the following exotic genera, according to the characters given for them, but I cannot locate them more definitely :-— AnortHostA, Clem. *Srropisra, Clem. Evacora, Clem. CLISTOTHYRIS, 7. TRYPANISMA, Clem. TRICHOTAPHE, Clem. Encurysa, Z. EPIcoRTHYLIS, Z. Those genera marked (*) occur also in Australia, but of these Sitotroga has doubtless been introduced ; I suspect this genus to be not native even in Europe, but im- ported from America. I have about fifteen additional Australian genera. CHIMABACCHIDA. Antenne ciliated in male (or rarely simple?). Fore wings with 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to hind margin, 2 from rather before posterior angle of cell. Hind wings with 8 veins, 8 and 4 separate at origin, 6 and 7 separate, nearly parallel. Hind wings not or slightly broader than fore wings, hind margin rounded or slightly sinuate. A small European group, not hitherto identified else- where. Dasystoma, Curt. Semroscoris, Hb. CHIMABACCHE, Z. Ex#ReETIA, Sit. DEPRESSARIIDA. Antenne simple. Fore wings with 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa or apex (rarely to hind margin), 2 from or near angle of cell. Hind wings with 8 veins, 3 and 4 from a point or stalked, 6 and 7 separate, nearly parallel. Hind wings not broader than fore wings, hind margin rounded. TRANS, ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) L 124 Mr. E. Meyrick on the A moderately extensive family, represented in Kurope by about 110 species, nearly all belonging to Depressaria, which genus is little known elsewhere. From Australia and New Zealand I have only about 12 species, but the croup appears to be fairly numerous in North and South America, and is said (probably correctly) to occur also in India and South Africa. The Kuropean genera are :— EKprarapuia, Stph. PHIBALOCERA, Stph. Depressaria, Hw. Enicostoma, Stph. The following exotic genera are also referable to this family :— Loxotoma, 7. Aariocoma, Z. Macurmra, Clem. PELEOPODA, Z. Psrnocorsis, Clem. Of these Loxotoma alone occurs in Australia, where are three or four other genera; there is also one in New Zealand. CRYPTOLECHIIDA. Antenne ciliated in male. Fore wings with 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to hind margin (rarely to costa), vein 2 from before posterior fourth of lower margin of cell, widely remote from 3. Hind wings with 8 veins, 3 and 4 from a point or stalked, 6 and 7 stalked or closely ' approximated at base. Hind wings not broader or rather broader than fore wings, hind margin sinuate. Extensively represented in South America, and less numerously in South Africa and Australia, but prac- tically absent from the European region, which only possesses one species. Much confusion exists at present, owing to Zeller having included in his original genus Cryptolechia species not only of this family, but also of the Gicophoride, and perhaps Depressariide, which are perfectly distinct. From Australia I have about 80 species, but the family is absent from New Zealand, except one probably not indigenous species. All the Australian insects described by Zeller under Cryptolechia, however, belong to the Gicophoride. The described genera certainly belonging here are— Crypropuasa, Lu. ANTMOTRICHA, Z. CRYPTOLECHIA, 7, classification of the Tineina. 125 All these occur in Australia, to which region Crypto- phasa is confined, and there are five or six new Australian genera. South America appears specially rich in this family and probably contains many additional genera. diCOPHORIDA. Antenne ciliated in male. Fore wings with 12 veins (rarely 11 by coalescence of 7 and 8), 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to hind margin, apex, or costa, 2 from or near angle of cell. Hind wings with 8 veins, 3 and 4 from a point (rarely stalked), 6 and 7 separate, nearly parallel. Hind wings not broader than fore wings (very rarely slightly broader), hind margin rounded or slightly sinuate. Rather largely represented in Europe, and extremely abundant in Australia and New Zealand, where it is the principal family of the Lepidoptera ; little recorded from elsewhere, but certainly occurring in India and North ‘and South America. The European species number about 100; from Australia and New Zealand I have 450, and the entire number inhabiting that region probably exceeds 2000. The following is a classification of the Huropean genera, including the only described exotic genus cer- tainly referable :— A. Vein 7 of fore wings to hind margin or apex. Ancuinta, Hb. Aptota, Stph. Cacocuroa, Hein. Prorasis, H-S. Hyprercauiia, Stph. Toprutis, Hb. *PrLTopHorA, Meyr. *PiEuRoTa, Hb. Honoscouia, 7. Hypatima, H-S. B. Vein 7 of fore wings to costa. GONIONOTA, Z. Harpena, Schrk. Psecapia, Hb. *(HCOPHORA, Z. To the Australian genus Peltophora belongs forficella, Sc., hitherto erroneously included in Harpella. The three genera marked (*) are all freely represented in Australia, whence (including New Zealand) I have characterised also 67 new genera, now being published in the Proc. Linn. Soc. of New South Wales. I have included the South American Gonionota, though im- perfectly characterised, because it is evidently so nearly 126 Mr. E. Meyrick on the allied to a New Zealand genus that there can be little doubt of its position. Of the unity of this family I have no doubt; the Australian species traverse the whole range of the genera given above, and extend considerably beyond them, whilst still preserving their family characters with an extraordinary persistency. DASYCERIDA. Antenne thickened with dense scales, ciliated in male. Fore wings with 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa, 2 from or near angle of cell. Hind wings with 8 veins, 3 and 4 from a point, 6 and 7 separate or from a point. Hind wings not broader than fore wings, hind margin rounded. A small but peculiar family, not capable of being in- corporated with any other ; widely distributed, occurring in Kurope, North America, India, South Africa, and Australia. Some species have the singular habit of carrying the posterior legs erect above the back, as in some genera of Hlachistide, but it is certain that the similarity of habit does not here indicate affinity. About fifteen species are known altogether. The described genera are :— Dasycera, Hw. ATKINSONIA, Sit. ERETMOCERA, Z. Of these Dasycera occurs in Europe and North America, Eretmocera in South Africa and Australia, and Atkinsonia in India and Australia. These six families constitute the group above men- tioned. In connection with them may also be noticed a seventh, which, although separated from the main group by having veins 7 and 8 of the fore wings commonly separate, is yet in other respects nearly allied to them, especially to the Gicophoride. GLYPHIPTERYGIDA Antenne simple or ciliated in male. Fore wings with 12 veins (rarely 11 by coalescence of 7 and 8), 7 and 8 separate or rarely stalked, 7 to hind margin, 2 from near angle of cell, 1 simple at base or sometimes furcate. Hind wings with 8 veins, 3 and 4 from a point, 6 and 7 classification of the Tineina. 127 separate, parallel. Hind wings not broader (rarely some- what broader) than fore wings, hind margin rounded. The family is universally distributed, but not very numerously represented anywhere, being apparently most plentiful in the Australian region. The following is a Classification of all the genera :— HinaroGRaPHa, Z. Srmartuis, Leach. CHOREGIA, Z. CuoreEvtis, Hb. Hyprertropua, Meyr. Minurerr, Rag. Kupseia, Meyr. GLYPHIPTERYX, Z. Aouocosma, Meyr. ApistomMorPHA, Meyr. Brentuta, Clem. PuryGanostoua, Meyr. Of the other genera included under the Gelechiide in Staudinger’s Catalogue, Carposina, H-S., belongs to the Conchylide, as I have elsewhere pointed out. Blasto- basis, Z., is in no way nearly related here, but belongs to the neighbourhood of the Hyponomeutide. Of Meta- narsia, Ster., Pterolonche, Z., Atremea, Stgr., Epidola, Ster., and Alloclita, Stgr., I have not sufficient evidence to fix the position, but they probably all belong to one or other of the six families above enumerated. It will be apparent also that von Heinemann and Wocke were right in removing from this group Butalis, Tr., Pancalia, Curt., Endrosis, Hb., and their allies. The following exotic genera are probably also referable to these families, but I am not able to determine their position for want of detail :— Dysenorima, Z. FaLcuina, Z. Avuxocrossa, Z. Curysopora, Clem. MesoptycHa, Z. HELCYSTOGRAMMA, Z. MrxocGENnEs, Z. CopocERcIA, Z. Menesta, Clem. Trratopsis, Wals. Four other genera,—Hermogenes, Z., Meridarchis, Z., Dasycarea, Z., and Ecliptoloma, Z.,—have also been referred to the Gelechiide; but if the incomplete par- ticulars given of their neuration are correct, they can _ have no true affinity here. For the practical application of the family characters given above, it must be observed that any two families are not, as a rule, separated by the presence or absence of a single character. Most commonly they are dis- tinguished by at least three points, to each of which rare 128 Mr. E. Meyrick on the exceptions occur, doubtful cases being decided by majority of characters. When, however, they are dis- tinguished by a single point (as, for example, the Depres- sarude and Gicophoride differ by the presence or absence of ciliations of the antenne of the male), this character admits of no exception. It will be apparent that this is in accordance with what might be expected to result from the natural formation of families; for supposing, by variation of a particular character and extinction of. intermediate forms, a new and distinct family type to be brought into being, there will be no reason whatever why the new family should not exceptionally, whether by reversion or independent variation, develop again solitary instances of the special character of its parent family. If it does this to any considerable extent the family can no longer be maintained ; but if it does it in rare in- stances only, and at the same time continues to diverge also in other respects, it is probable that by a considera- tion of all points combined there will be no difficulty in detecting the true position of any particular genus, and such real or apparent reversion to any ancestral type need not be taken to vitiate the genuine distinctness of the family. It remains to sketch the probable process of develop- ment of the group, according to this scheme of classi- fication. The origin of the whole is to be sought in the Cicophoride, which represent the simplest type, them- selves originating in the Butalid group of the Hlachistide (the classification of which, whether as one or more families, need not here concern us). In accordance with this hypothesis, we find the Gcophoride at their maxi- mum of development in the Australian region, which from its isolation has always tended to preserve such primitive forms from the disastrous competition of superior types; whilst in other regions they have been in great part (but nowhere entirely) supplanted by later developments. The Gcophoride were early divided into two natural groups (above distinguished as A and B), in the former of which vein 7 of the fore wings terminates in the hind margin or apex, and in the latter in the costa. From group B rose the Depressariide, differing by the loss of the characteristic cilations of the antennae, and originating from near Psecadia. From the same group came also the Dasyceride, a small but ancient development from near Gicophora. The Glyphipterygide classification of the Tineina. 129 would appear to be also a very ancient group, probably proceeding from group A of the Gicophoride, and revert- ing in some points to an older type; on which view Eupselia and Avolocosma might be regarded as approach- ing the primitive types of the family, and Glyphipteryx itself as being one of the most specialised forms. The Chimabacchide are developed immediately from the Depressariide, the characteristic change being in the separation of veins 3 and 4 of the hind wings. It is this family which gives rise to the whole group of the Tortricina, producing a generalised type from which the three families of the Tortricina rise simultaneously in diverging lines. lLHxcept the Yortricina, no further developments are known to have originated in any of the families of this group. The origin of the two remaining families is not so clear as that of the others, and additional knowledge might lead me to modify my present conclusions, but I am disposed to think that the Cryptolechiideé sprang from group A of the Gicophoride, preserving the characteristic ciliations of the antenne, and the hind marginal termi- nation of vein 7 of the fore wings, but deviating in the close approximation or coalescence at base of veins 6 and 7 of the hind wings, and the curious remoteness of vein 2 from the angle of the cell in the fore wings, the latter character analogous to what is found in two families of Tortricina. The Gelechiide seem to have originated from the Depressartvide, diverging from them gradually in form and neuration of the hind wings, in which character they display great variability. They may be regarded as the most highly specialised family of all, the extreme of development being reached in the very narrow-winged genera with excessively emarginate hind wings; and they form, in most parts of the world, a dominant group. On this view of the development of the group, the geographical distribution of the Cryptolechiide becomes highly interesting and important. The fact that the European region (comprising as well Northern and Western Asia and Northern Africa) is absolutely deficient in this family (for the single species, even if correctly referred here, for which I cannot vouch, can only be regarded as an exotic straggler) appears to be conclusive proof that they must have originated elsewhere ; for it does not seem conceivable that a whole family, well 130 Mr. E. Meyrick on the suited to many situations of the region, and found else- where flourishing in full competition with all Kuropean families, should have been ever wholly expelled from it in the struggle for existence. But it is both intelligible and likely that the same family might be unable to gain a footing from outside in the European region, stocked as it is with the most highly improved forms and pro- tected by natural barriers. As a matter of fact the Cryptolechiide are found to be very plentiful in South America, and less plentiful, but still well represented, in South Africa and Australia. Probably they extend upwards into India and the Malay Archipelago, and per- haps also into North America, but they are absent from New Zealand. Now, assuming (what appears to me certain) that the family has never existed in Europe, the only other possible supposition is that there must have been at some period land-connection between the three southern continents. In confirmation of their southern origin, it is to be observed that the particular group, from which the Cryptolechude appear to have been developed, is still and must always have been the promi- nent group in Australia. Iam certainly of opinion that this case, relating to the whole of an extensive family, can be explained on no other hypothesis. It should be borne in mind that Wallace’s well-known conclusions on this subject, drawn practically from the distribution of mammals and birds only, must (as I am reminded by Prof. Hutton) bear only on Tertiary and late Secondary times, and be therefore wholly inadequate to explain the distribution of so ancient a group as that of insects. Of the other families, I believe the Glyphipterygide and Dasyceride to be very possibly of southern origin, but very early developed, and once co-extensive with the parent family Gicophoride ; and the Gelechiide, Depres- sarude, and Chimabacchide to have been certainly de- veloped in Kurope, and thence spread over their present range. When we consider the ancient origin, the small size, the fragility and defencelessness, the very limited specific range, and the scanty locomotive powers of the Micro- Lepidoptera, as wellas their inaptitude for dissemination by extrinsic means, it appears to me that the study of their geographical distribution will be of unsurpassed value in determining the past history of the world. But before attempting this it is absolutely necessary that classification of the Tineina. 131 their classification should be firmly established on solid principles. It is impossible to condemn too strongly the worthless character of the work done by those who create new genera at random, locate species by their superficial appearance, making a mere pretence of structural diagnosis, and frequently refer specimens of the same species to different genera, and even to different families, on account of slight differences in colour and shape of wing. It can hardly be expected that scientific investigators of the present day will acquiesce in the methods and results of writers who still continue to classify on the lines of Francis Walker. I am disposed to think that since, at the present time, a specific de- scription is not only worthless, but also practically unidentifiable, unless accompanied by a full statement of the true generic characters, it may and should be as justly disregarded as though it were non-existent. ee cit ab jane Oa Fae Pan oe ewig wi ages eHihs it. ore s bel ee pease? Nintaes fas MA S85@: mews Peay xt rete Fh ae feta Ay teens sieeusihss rreit ain wie xpete es a on 7 cate Tit HR a prepa ie Shi toting Sate | aan hana Vevey sae iS} his! rh aie Parte 2 hay hives hom urhe tun Pbk ae tele Hen, LORE Sark bei PMN tae any b: Cy ut ia Sa arts od APTA) Wyrah Gere: Bites th ices Sri tir 2 ce ete on) Te TRG Patvis: ave eRe aan Ret eRe am pao are Hips nave NS le ah AeA hs ba my. eres ify Pidkeete hunt sea War Pa es keto mee yd tay ob) lee Fh wp hipicetp sian Oa toe so soca Sa aa tdN isi ease is. - ana (>) 4354 =) VI. Notes on three Paussi. By Louis Périncury. [Read February 7th, 1883. ] Paussus lineatus, Thunberg. I First discovered Paussus lineatus amongst a small kind of black ant very numerous on the slopes of Table Mountain. These ants have their nests under stones ; they excavate no galleries, and select those stones which are situated at the foot of a small bush. There seems to be but one class of workers; the females are 0°1 in. in length, the winged males 0°05 in. I mostly found one P. lineatus, sometimes two, only once three, in the same nest. In nearly every instance it was clinging to the under side of the stone, elytra downwards. I first captured five specimens, and with them I collected a number of ants and their larve. I deposited them in a glass cage, where I could have a good view of them; but whether the beetles and the ants had been too much shaken in the receptacle I first put them in I cannot say, but three of the Paussi died two days after, and the two that were left no longer crepitated when handled, as they were wont to do when I first captured them. I then procured a new batch of ants from several nests, being under the impression that the Pausside, like the Clavigeride, were fed by ants, and I conjectured that the three that died had not been properly attended to by the ants I had enclosed with them in the glass cage. But the increase in the number of ants did not seem to affect them; they were still very torpid. Onthe discovery of sixteen more P. lineatus, I added these to my colony, having previously affixed a small bit of putty to the elytra of the first comers. The following day these two ancient individuals seemed to have recovered their energy; they both proved to be males. Altogether I enclosed twenty-one specimens in the cage, and, with the exception of the first three, all thrived well; I have twelve of them, apparently females, still alive, after sixty days of captivity. My object was to find out if the Paussi were kept in TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART II. (JUNE.) 134 Louis Péringuey’s notes on captivity by the ants for any purpose, and I do not think now that such is the case, as the following will, I hope, show. I kept my glass cage in a rather dark room; but if I placed it in the sun the Paussi, which had previously been sluggish in the extreme, suddenly became very lively, perambulating the cage in the most excited man- ner, moving their antenne very rapidly in a vertical line, folding and unfolding their wings, trying a clumsy flight, setting to clean themselves with their legs, and invariably seeking shelter under some bean-pods that I had put in the cage for the female ants to deposit their eggs under. Then the disc of the elytra and the antenne would assume a most glossy appearance. Yet, whenever I placed the cage in the sun, the worker ants would set to work at once to free the larve. If at any time the unwieldly and (to the ants) bulky Paussus approached one of them, the ant, leaving off its work, would im- mediately seize hold of it and try to pull it in another direction ; the Paussus would then stop, bring its antenne forward, and stretch out its legs so as to find a better *‘ point d’appui.” Some of the other workers would come to the help of their fellow, and tug vigorously at the antenne, always rigidly pointed forward, until the Paussus, feeling it could not keep its ground, would start away ata rapid pace. Then the workers would resume their work. But it often happened that the Paussus, in spite of the ants, made straight for the place where the larve and eggs were sheltered, and, finding in the pods a support that the glass surface could not afford it, it would settle in the middle of the colony in spite of the efforts of the workers; these, after a vain effort to dislodge the intruder, carried the larve away ; the Paussus would then remain motionless for days in the same spot. I thought at first that the Paussi were feeding on the newly-born ants, bnt closer and repeated observations enabled me to conclude that the workers tried to drag them away only for fear they should injure the delicate and almost transparent newly-freed individuals. I often saw the ants carry the young in their mandibles from the direction taken by a fast-walking Paussus. I put together six newly-born ants and two Paussi, and, though the jelly-like creatures did not assume a black colour and become perfectly developed until from fifteen to three Paussi. 135 thirty minutes had elapsed, the Paussi did not avail themselves of their helpless state to devour or injure them. I have several times repeated this experiment. I have never seen the Paussus crepitate when attacked and forced to run away by the workers, but if touched at the same time with a straw or with the hand, it would give out a series of very audible explosions; its antennae, prothorax, and elytra suddenly became covered with a yellowish substance, turning almost immediately into a yellow powder, and which is so adhesive that if the Paussus at that time was thrown on his back, it adhered for a short time to the glass. It would then right himself by the aid of one of its antenne acting as a lever. These explosions leave on the fingers a stain very much like that produced by an application of lunar caustic, that will last several days in spite of repeated washings. The beetle was always in a torpid state when I dis- covered it, and as soon as touched walked at a slow pace, crepitating all the while, and trusting apparently to its artillery for protection. I think that it is of crepuscular habits rather than nocturnal ; for, if | examined my box at night, I always found it in its torpid state, but a short time after the appearance of the light it began to move about. However, the first P. lineatus I possessed was caught in the middle of a very hot day by a boy, who, feeling on his neck something that he said ‘‘ stung him,” seized the insect. It did not occur to me at the time to examine the spot, but I have no doubt that it was the discharge of the insect that caused the smarting pain the lad complained of. The copulating process is rather singular. The male fixes his mandibles in the prothoracic excavation of the female, and, with his hind legs, brings the anal segment of the female towards him, apparently with creat diffi- culty and labour; in order to strengthen himself, he has his antenne passed under hers. I have seen males carried on the backs of females for twenty-four hours without relinquishing their hold, but as soon as placed in the sun they soon accomplished their functions and got separated from the females in a time varying between fifty-six and fifty-eight seconds. After brushing himself with his fore and hind legs the male would go in search of another female. One of my spotted males has thus fecundated no less than five females in four days. 136 Louis Péringuey’s notes on I never saw the ants attending to the Paussi or seem- ing to draw any nourishment from them. Still, the Paussi seem to affect those spots where the eggs and larve are deposited, perhaps because they are the most sheltered places. I fed the ants with sugar and sweet biscuits. I have kept them for two months, and I still have eleven P. lineatus alive, although the males are apparently all dead. I never saw the females depositing their eggs, but I think they may have done so in a biscuit excavated by the ants. That the P. lineatus is not fed by the ants, among which I always found it, seems to me to be proved by a close observation of two months’ duration ; still the fact remains that I have not seen it in the act of taking food. On one occasion I saw four on a piece of sweetened orange I had put as food for the ants. Now this Paussus, when in motion, always carries its palpi hanging at right angles, and one of those four,—the only one of whom I could get a full view,—had its palpi hanging in the usual manner, but I could not detect any sign of its jaws being in motion. I should think that Burmeister was right in calling them carnivorous insects, because with the second lot of P. lineatus I placed five specimens of the minute P. Linnei, Westw., and the day after there was but one of them left ; that one was shorn of one of its antenne, and died soon after I had removed it. The box being so well closed that the insects had no opportunity whatever of escape, I concluded that they had been devoured by the P. lineatus. On a second experiment, of two days’ duration, three P. Linnet came out unscathed, except one, who lost its fore leg. I afterwards separated five P. lineatus from the ants, and left them without food for eight days, but I could not detect any sign of their having suffered by their fast ; they were, when exposed to the sun, as lively as those I had left with the ants. These observations make me think that this Paussus is merely tolerated by the ants amongst which it is found, or perhaps kept as a pet, especially if one takes into consideration that in one case only have I found three specimens in the same nest, seldom two, and generally one only. This species seems to have a wide range, as the Cape Town Museum has in its possession two specimens cap- tured in the Transvaal. three Paussi. 137 Paussus Linnei, Westwood. The habitat of this minute and very rare Paussus was until now only a surmise. Lacordaire thought it might come from India, and Gemminger and Harold gave its habitat as ‘‘incertz sedis.”” The fact that it is so small, and that I never but once found two together, seems to account for its rarity in collections, the only one known being, I think, that which Prof. Westwood described. I found it in the nest of an ant very common on the slopes of Table Mountain, building galleries, though not at a great depth, under stones often adjoining the nests of the kind in which I found P. lineatus. These ants have two sorts of workers: a worker major, more than twice the size of P. Linnei, with a very large head, and a very minute worker minor. This species is very much more active than P. lineatus, going at a very fair pace if we consider the characteristic sluggishness of those insects. Like P. lineatus, it exudes the same pus-like matter, and crepitates with great vivacity without slackening its speed. When I uncovered the nests, the major workers, sallying out in quest of the enemy, would sometimes seize hold of the Paussus, but they relinquished their hold immediately, and went in search of the other sup- posed intruder. I did with this insect what I had done with its con- gener, and brought home a colony of the ants, which I placed in a large glass jar with seven P. Linnei. Whether the major workers became infuriated by their captivity, I do not know, but whenever a Paussus passed close to the larve carefully heaped in a corner by the minor workers and apparently jealously watched by the major, it would be immediately set upon by one or two of the latter, the onslaught resulting in the loss to the _ Paussus of a leg, an antenna, and even once a head. In two days my specimens were mutilated or killed in that way. One male in copuld was pounced upon and had his antenne, as well as those of the female, snapped off without relinquishing his hold of her. Four other speci- mens that I put in the jar shared the same fate ; the only unmutilated specimen remaining being one that had judiciously climbed a twig I had put in the bottle. I had not the same chance of observing this species as I had with P. lineatus, yet they seemed at first to exhibit 138 Louis Péringuey’s notes on three Paussi. the same habits, becoming very lively when exposed to the sun, but not attempting flight. As the ant-larve did not hatch before the Paussi were mutilated, I could not observe how the minor workers behaved towards them. They were never attacked by the major workers except when they came near the larve, and never used their crepitating power when thus attacked. I have not since been able to get more specimens. Paussus Burmeisteri, Westwood. This Paussus is much more sluggish than P. lineatus. It crepitates when seized, exuding the same liquid, and then shams death, stiffening its antenne to such an extent as to enable one having hold of them to move it in all directions. I never found two together, and, although I discovered it twice in the nests of the same ant as P. Linnei, I generally found it under stones, where there was no ant’s nest within a radius of several yards. I once captured one that was being dragged by one major andthree minor workers towards a very small colony of ants; it was simply opposing its force of inertness to the efforts of its would be captors, lying on its back, with its antenne stiffened ; but as soon as I had touched it with a straw it discharged its artillery, stunning, apparently to death, the minor workers, and doubling up. the major, who kept on staggering for a very long time. Like the two above-mentioned species, when exposed to the sun, it gets lively enough, though in a lesser degree, but I never saw one expanding its wings or trying to fly. All my specimens died soon after their capture, and:I never saw any in copuld. I have not been able to detect any sign of phos- phorescence in the antenne of any of my Paussi, al- though frequently examined in the dark. | P.S.— Since the above notes were written all my Paussus lineatus have died, also the ants.—L. P. +t!) +) VII. Further additions to Mr. Marshall’s Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. By Joun B. Brivemay, PLS. [Read March 7th, 1883. ] Ir is not without much hesitation that I have ventured to publish this paper, containing as it does the descrip- tion of several insects which appear to me to be new: it is almost impossible, living in the country and being unable to spare time sufficient to stay in London long enough to hunt up all stray notes, to make oneself acquainted with all the descriptions that are written, to be certain that some of these insects may not have been previously named. I have described several species of the genus Hemiteles, Gr., which do not appear to be described in Gravenhorst, Ratzeburg, or Taschenberg ; also some species of Ratzeburg’s genus Hemimachus, which he split off from Hemiteles, and which appears to contain only some males of Pezomachus, and which genus has no right to a separate existence. I have also de- scribed two very distinct females of Pezomachus, and the male of P. vagans, which I bred, with the female, froma spider’s nest. Mr. Bignell has also been fortunate enough to breed both sexes of P. instabilis, var., and P. analis, var. I have again to thank the same gentlemen as last year, to whom I am indebted for much of the subject- matter of this paper; also to the Rey. T. A. Marshall. ICHNEUMONIDA. ICHNEUMONIDES OXYPYGI. Ichneumon consimilis, Wesm. Wesm., Tentamen, 22,2, 2; Ichn. Otia, 8, 8, 3,2; Rem. Crit., 13. I have taken both sexes of this Ichneumon in Norfolk. The female I have had for some years; the male I took last year at Cromer, in June. I have both the varieties of the male described by Wesmael, as well as another TRANS. ENT. soc. 1888.—pPaRT I. (JUNE.) M 140 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’ s which has the extreme apex of the scutellum white. The female has not the tuft of pubescence on the under side of the hind coxe. ICHNEUMONIDES PNEUSTICI. Herpestomus nasutus, Wesm. Wesm., Tent., 170, 3, 9; Mant., 77, 2. I took this species in the neighbourhood of Norwich in the autumn of 1881. Herpestomus intermedius, Wesm. Wesm., Tent., 171, 9; Mant., 77, 2. Captured by Mr. Bignell in the neighbourhoods of Plymouth and Exeter. Herpestomus furunculus, Wesm. ? Wesm., Tent., 171, 2. I have taken an Herpestomus which comes very near this, but differs from Wesmael’s description in the legs being decidedly thinner, and not stouter than H. inter- medius, as he says. ‘These three species are much alike. Wesmael says (Mant., 1848, 77) that probably inter- medius is a variety of nasutus; if the insects which I believe to be these species are correctly named, they certainly are distinct ; the puncturing of the whole body is very different. Pheogenes homochlorus, Wesm. Wesm., Tent., 184, 9. A female of this very distinct species was taken by Mr. T. R. Billups at Chobham last year. Aithecerus dispar, Wesm. Wesm., Tent., 208, 3, 2; Mant., 90, 7, 2. Mr. Bignell took a female of this species at Egloskerry, near Launceston, on July 28rd last. Catalogue of British Ichneumonde. 141 Aithecerus discolor, Wesm. - Wesm., Tent., 204, ¢, 2; Mant., 91. I took a female of this Avthecerus several years ago, but, from its being fastened on a card, I did not recognise it till I reset it last year. Norwich, September, 1877. CRYPTIDA. Phygadeuon Marshalli, nu. s. Phygadeuon procerus, Gr., I. E., 1. 724, var. 2, 3. Segmentis 2—4 fusco- aut nigro-maculatis ; femoribus tibiisque rufis, posticis apice nigris. Head not buccated behind the eyes ; mesothorax tri- lobed ; metathorax with two irregular transverse curved lines, supero-medial area not closed at the sides; head and thorax opaque, finely and closely punctured. Abdo- men cylindrical ; 1st segment but little wider at the apex than at the base; spiracles placed a little behind the centre, slightly projecting, puncto-aciculate ; 2nd seg- ment about twice as long as wide, remaining ones trans- verse, distinctly punctated, the 2nd the most strongly so. Areolet of wings pentagonal, nervelet, sometimes a trace, sometimes absent altogether ; transverse anal nervure divided below the middle; legs slender. Black; legs red, coxe black; middle trochanters brown-stained; basal joint of hind trochanters black, as well as the apex of hind tibie and tarsi; 2nd and 8rd segments of the abdomen red, with a dark transverse fuscous band before the apex, the band on the 2nd broader and transversely subdivided ; 4th, 5th, and 6th segments with a narrow red margin at the apex ; stigma and nervures nigro-fuscous. Male. Length, 6 mm. There are two specimens of a male Phygadeuon in a collection which once belonged to the Rev. T. A. Marshall, labelled ‘“‘ P. procerus, Gr., var. 2, n. sp.” They agree very well with Gravenhorst’s description of this variety. Taschenberg says, in his revision of the Gravenhorstian species, that var. 2 is wanting ; it differs from Taschenberg’s description of the genuine procerus in having the aree of the metathorax incomplete, the other having complete arez, and the abdomen is diffe- rently coloured ; whilst, according to Gravenhorst, the post-petiole is wider than in P. Marshalli. Taken at Bugbrooke, near Northampton. - 142 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's As I believe Mr. Marshall had not described this insect, I have taken that liberty, and have named it after him. Hemiteles obscurus, n. 8. Niger, pedibus piceis. Head shining, transverse ; face rather protuberant in the middle ; clypeus distinctly separated from the face ; mandibles rather broad, teeth subequal, the space be- tween the eyes and the mandibles about equal to the width of the clypeus; a deep semicircular impressed line above the antenne ; these latter short, flagellate, about two-thirds the length of the insect; flagellum in one specimen 15 joints, in the other 14; 1st joint more slender than the rest, about three times as long as wide ; the remainder gradually decreasing in length to the last one, which is conic and about two and a half times as long as the width of the base, the four or five joints before almost of the same length, quadrate. Thorax about one-quarter longer than high, closely and distinctly punctate, opaque, trilobed, divisions deep and rather wide; scutellum rather long, keeled at the base; meta- thorax shining, with a few scattered rugosities ; supero- and postero-medial united, somewhat of a broad coffin- shape, with the long end upwards ; lateral arez divided ; lines sharply defined, terminating laterally in a short, sharp spine; Ist segment of abdomen and basal two- thirds of the 2nd somewhat transversely rugose; the remainder shining. Abdomen subovate; 1st segment stout, about two and a half times as long as the width of the apex ; this twice as wide as the base ; spiracles about in the middle; gradually sloping from the base to these, and then the sides not quite parallel; all the remaining seoments transverse, the 38rd the widest. Legs slender. Stigma of median size and shape; areolet pentagonal, with outer nervure entirely wanting; the recurrent discoidal nervure absent, as also is the lower half of the transverse discoidal ; the transverse ordinary not inter- stitial ; the lower nervures of the hind wing very faint, transverse anal not divided. Black ; front legs ochraceo-piceous; cox and tro- chanters black, apex of latter pale; middle and hind legs, coxee black; trochanters, base dark, apex pale; femora piceous, paler behind ; tibiew piceous, paler at the Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 143 base ; all the tarsi piceous ; stigma and nervures piceous, base of wings pale. Male. Length, 3 mm. This insect is, in the shape of the abdomen, somewhat like fulvipes, but the legs are more slender, the neuration also is very different, and the 1st segment is not so broad, &e. I bred two specimens, unfortunately both males, from the egg-bags of a spider which I found in a rolled-up nettle-leaf, protected by the spider herself; one was developed from each bag. Norwich. Hemiteles submarginatus, n. 8. Pedibus fulvis, coxis anterioribus albis, posticis nigris ; tibiis posticis apice fuscis; marginibus segmentorum in- termediatorum rufescentibus ; mas, antennarum subtus basi albis. Head transverse, slightly narrowed behind the eyes; face between the eyes parallel; space between the eyes and the mandibles about equal to the width of the base of the mandibles ; clypeus separated from the face, but not by a sharp line; the teeth of mandibles subequal, the upper one a little the longer ; head somewhat shining, very finely and closely punctured, a shining depression over each antenna; this latter in the female subfusi- form, as in H. fulvipes ; 1st joint of the flagellum about three times as long as wide, the 2nd and 8rd of the same length, filiform in the male, a little shorter than the abdomen ; face pubescent. Thorax subopaque, finely reticulate, trilobed in front ; lines reaching to about the middle of the mesonotum; metathorax rather short, with two transverse curved lines, with fine longitudinal aciculations ; lateral lines occasionally present, whereby a supero-medial area is formed, which, when present, is rounded in front and wider than behind ; the posterior face divided into three aree. Abdomen of female elon- gate-ovate, male elongate; 1st segment of abdomen about twice as wide at the apex as at the base, and about three times as long as the width of the apex, rather wider in the female than in the male; spiracles placed behind the middle, but not prominent ; petiole with two obsolete ridges, the whole segment aciculate ; 2nd seg- ment finely rugose at the base; this and remaining segments of female transverse; 2nd of male rather 144 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's longer than wide, the 3rd subquadrate, remainder trans- verse; styles of male not projecting; aculeus of female about one-third the length of the abdomen. Legs slender. Areolet pentagonal; exterior nervure absent ; transverse anal obsoletely divided below the middle. Black ; mouth, mandibles, except the red teeth, scape beneath more or less, front coxe almost entirely, apex of middle ones, front and middle and part of hind tro- chanters, pale yellow. Legs straw-coloured ; middle and hinder ones more or less infuscated; hind coxe black; in- cision of 2nd and 8rd segments of the male more or less stramineous; apical margin of segments of female obsoletely pale; base of wings yellow; nervures and stigma yellowish white, the former rather the darker. Length about 3 mm. This species I have bred from Microgaster cocoons taken in the neighbourhood of Norwich. I have also seen a specimen bred by Mr. G. C. Bigneil, which appears to me to differ only in having the spiracles of the 1st segment more prominent ; it may be another species or only a local variety. This insect at first sight looks very like small speci- mens of H. fulvipes, both in shape and colour, but differs from it in haying the 1st abdominal segment much narrower; the intermediate segments are gene- rally slightly pale at the apex; the first three joints of the flagellum of the female are longer than in /fulvipes ; and the styles of the male do not project, in fulvipes they are of considerable length. Hemiteles marginatus, n. s. Niger, segmentis intermediis abdominis margine pal- lido ; segmentis 1 et 2 aciculatis, pedibus maximis ex parte pallidis. Head subbuccated, behind the eyes scarcely narrowed, shining, finely punctate; antenne about as long as the insect, filiform, in the female the apical half slightly swollen; female, Ist and 2nd joints of the flagellum about four times as long as wide, the 8rd a little shorter ; male, three first joints subequal, about three times as long as wide. Mesothorax opaque, finely and densely punctate; scutellum and metathorax shining, the former with a few scattered punctures ; the latter in the female Cataloque of British Ichneumonide. 145 with the two transverse lines distinct, between them fine longitudinal ruge; in the male there are scarcely any ruge, but the lateral lines are perceptible, forming a supero-medial area, longer than broad, wider in front than behind, rounded in front; back part with the two central longitudinal lines; thorax a little longer than high ; metathorax of ordinary length, back part nearly upright. Legs slender. Wings, the outer nervure of areolet wanting, or so thin as to be hardly visible, the exterior inferior angle of the discoidal cell quite beyond the corresponding angle of the areolet, no trace of nerve- let, transverse ordinary interstitial, transverse anal nervure of hind wings, before the fork, divided one-third from the bottom; emitting nervure indistinct. Abdo- men, Ist segment without projecting spiracles, faint in- dications of them in the female, gradually widening from base to apex, finely aciculate in the female, aciculations hardly visible in the male, but in the centre of the post- petiole a distinct oval pit; 2nd segment aciculate, the aciculations caused by punctures running into one another, quadrate in the male, about one-fourth wider than long in the female; the remaining segments of both sexes transverse, the 8rd segment of the female the widest ; abdomen of male cylindrical from the 2nd seg- ment ; 3rd distinctly punctate, apical margins of 1 to 3 and remaining segments entirely polished, but with fine hairs, and their pits, these not dense, aslight transverse depression before the apex of the 2nd and 8rd segments ; aculeus one-third the length of the abdomen. @. Scape of antenne beneath, and a distinct fine line on apical margin of all the abdominal segments, except the 1st, pale straw-colour; legs pale fulvous ; front and middle coxe, and all the trochanters, yellow ; front and middle tarsi dark at the apex; intermediate knees and apex of tibie brownish; hind legs, coxe black, femora slightly browned above, extreme knees, apex of hind tibie and tarsi black-brown ; tegule, stigma, and base of wings pale yellow, nervures brown. Male only differs from the female in having the yellow bands of the abdomen less distinct, and the abdomen more pubescent. Length, 4—5 mm. Taken by Mr. P, Cameron, 146 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's Hemiteles politus, n. s. Abdomine medio, basi antennarum, pedibusque rufis ; apice femorum et tibiarum posticorum nigris; basi stigmate alba; aculeus dimidii abdominis longiore. This Hemiteles is at first sight like oryphimus, but the wings have not the fuscous band, the legs are more slender, the 1st segment of the abdomen is much nar- rower and polished, not aciculate, and the aculeus longer. Shining, covered with very scattered, erect, stiff hairs, more dense on the centre of the mesothorax, which is slightly wrinkled. Head transverse, sloping behind towards the neck, sides rounded ; the width behind the eyes rather less than the breadth of the eyes; face transverse, inner orbits parallel, very slightly immargi- nate against the antenne; face rather protuberant in the centre; clypeus distinctly separated from the face, prominent and widely rotundate at the apex. Antenne reaching to the middle of the 3rd abdominal segment, filiform ; 1st joint of scape about as long as wide ; first three joints of flagellum subequal in length, about four times as long as wide, the 4th one-third shorter, the remainder gradually tapering, the penultimate joint slightly longer than wide ; flagellum 18 to 19 joints (in the three specimens two had 18 and one 19 joints). Thorax rather short, about one-fourth longer than high ; mesothorax faintly trilobed in front; metathorax with distinct superior ares; supero-medial area longer than wide; hexagonal wider behind than in front; lateral spines prominent; intermediate lines on posterior face more or less distinct ; 1st segment of abdomen gradually tapering from base to apex; spiracles distinctly project- ing, about three times as wide at the apex as at the base, subcanaliculated, sometimes obsoletely rugose, rather more than twice as long as the width of the apex; remaining segments transverse, the 3rd the widest, this wider than the thorax ; abdomen about as long as the head and thorax ; aculeus about two-thirds the length of the abdomen and straight. Legs slender. Areolet of wings pentagonal, outer nervure wanting, exterior in- ferior angle of discoidal cell just beyond the same angle of the areolet, transverse ordinary nervure almost inter- stitial, transverse discoidal divided one-third from the bottom ; transverse anal slightly post-furchal, divided one-third from the bottom ; emitting nervure distinct. Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 147 Black ; three first joints of flagellum entirely, and to the middle beneath more or less red; 2nd segment of abdomen, base of 8rd, and legs, red; base of coxe sometimes more or less fuscous; apex of hind femora and tibiz blackish brown; extreme base of hind tibie brown. Wings with a slight fuscous tinge; stigma and nervure brown; base of wings and stigma white. Length 3°75—4 mm. Three females taken in the neighbourhood of Exeter by Mr. G. C. Bignell on September 23rd, 1882. In Rev. T. A. Marshall’s collection are specimens from Sandwich, Milford Haven, and Braemar. Since the above was written I have seen another speci- men taken by the Rev. W. W. Fowler; it differs from Mr. Bignell’s specimens in having the abdomen not so broad, but in no other respect. Dr. Capron has also taken this variety in the neighbourhood of Shere. This species appears to be generally distributed, and is pro- bably not uncommon. Flemiteles subannulatus, n. s. Abdominis medio et pedibus rufis, antennarum annulo albo, fascia alarum fusca. Opaque, closely and finely punctate; head, seen in front, subtriangular, narrow behind the eyes; clypeus indistinctly separated from the face; a slight protuber- ance below the antenne, canaliculate above; Ist and 2nd joint of flagellum of equal length, about three times as long as wide. Mesothorax trilobed ; groove before the scutellum finely aciculate; metathorax long; supero- medial area hexagonal, a little wider behind than in front, about twice as long as wide; coste fine but distinct, the posterior transverse one and those on the posterior part of the metathorax very prominent; postero- medial area well defined, and, seen sideways, the pos- terior lateral costa appears in the form of a distinct spine ; Ist abdominal segment almost gradually tapering from base to apex, slightly more than twice as long as wide, the apex nearly three times as wide as the base, apical margin distinctly trilobed; spiracles obsolete ; post-petiole marked with an oval depression ; abdomen elongate, ovate; 2nd and 8rd segments of equal length ; the 8rd the widest, and about twice as wide as long, this rather wider than the thorax ; aculeus about as long 148 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's as the ist segment, or one-third the length of the abdomen. Legs slender. Areolet pentagonal, wider than long, recurrent nervure received before the middle, the posterior inferior angle of the discoidal cell opposite the corresponding angle of the areolet, transverse anal nervure subopposite, distinctly divided just below the middle, nervure distinct. Black; legs, apex of 1st, 2nd to 4th segments of abdomen, pale chestnut-red; the 3rd and 4th fuscous at the sides; apex of abdomen pale; 4th to 7th joints of flagellum more or less marked with white above, nearly ringed in the middle; 1st and 2nd joints rufo-fuscous at ° the base ; base of wings yellowish ; stigma brown, apex white; nervures fuscous; a diffused fuscous cloud run- ning across the wing, beginning about opposite the middle of the stigma. Length, 5 mm. Taken by Dr. Capron in the neighbourhood of Shere. Hemiteles nixtus, n. 8. Basi antennarum, pedibus, abdominisque medio, rufis ; aculeo dimidio abdomine longiore. Head and thorax smooth and shining, with scattered white pubescence ; head somewhat buccated behind the eyes; apex of clypeus rounded, separated from the face. Antenne short and stout, as in Phygadeuon, rather more than half the length of the insect; 1st joint of flagellum about three times as long as wide, the 2nd a little longer than wide ; thorax a little longer than high ; mesothorax faintly trilobed in front; upper part of metathorax shorter than the back part; are distinct ; supero-medial area an irregular transverse hexagon, the posterior transverse line terminating laterally in a dis- tinct spine ; posterior part of metathorax with a defined postero-medial area. Abdomen smooth and shining ; 1st segment elongate ; sides of petiole parallel ; spiracles slightly projecting from this point to apex of segment, cradually widening to about twice the width of the petiole; the segment is a little longer than the hind coxe and trochanters; abdomen ovate, the base of the 8rd segment the widest, the 2nd and remaining segments transverse ; the apical half of the abdomen with long erect hairs, very much scattered ; aculeus two-thirds the length of the abdomen; legs slender. Wings, outer nervure of areolet incomplete, the exterior inferior angle Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 149 of discoidal cell opposite the middle of the areolet, the nervure straight, transverse anal divided just below the middle. Black; mouth, mandibles, antenne to just beyond the middle, legs, the 2nd and 3rd segments of abdomen, red ; the latter brown in the middle; stigma and nervures brown ; base of wing pale. ¢?. Length, 3°5 mm. Var. 1. 3rd segment of abdomen red only at the base ; hind femora brownish to the middle ; apical joint of all the tarsi and apex of joints of hind tarsi brown. This insect has the antennz of Phygadeuon, but the legs and wings of Hemiteles. I have taken one specimen at Brundall; Dr. Capron has taken one at Shere; and another, the var. 1, was taken at Tunbridge Wells early in September, 1881, by Jonkheer J. W. May. Hemiteles ruficaudatus, n. s. Pedibus abdominisque apice rufis. Head, thorax, and abdomen smooth and shining, with very fine rather dense pubescence; head above trans- verse, scarcely slanting behind the eyes; antenne two- thirds the length of the insect; 1st joint of flagellum about four times as long as wide, remainder gradually decreasing in length ; apical joints quadrate. Thorax a little longer than high; mesothorax trilobed in front, lines distinctly impressed ; metathorax short, the upper part shorter than the back part; arez distinct, supero- medial transverse, postero-medial area defined; this again divided by a central longitudinal line ; the thorax scarcely wider than the head. Abdomen fusiform ; 1st segment elongate, with scarcely projecting spiracles, gradually tapering from base to apex, which is about twice the width of the base, more than three times as long as the width of the apex; post-petiole with a central groove, this sometimes extending on to the petiole ; 2nd segment nearly as long as the width of the apex, which is the widest part; remainder transverse ; aculeus one-fourth the length of the abdomen. Legs slender. Wings, exterior nervure of areolet wanting, or almost so; transverse anal divided one-third from the bottom. Black ; 1st joint of flagellum and greater part of the 2nd red. Legs red; apex of hind tibie and tarsi brown, sometimes hind knees browned. Abdomen red; 1st 150 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's segment and a bifurcate blotch at the apex of 2nd black ; apex of abdomen slightly piceous ; nervures and stigma dark brown; base of wings and tegule pale. Length, 4—5°5 mm. Dr. Capron has taken several females of this insect in the neighbourhood of Shere, and to him I am indebted for specimens. Hemiteles vicinus, Gr. Gravenhorst described the female only. Pastor M. Kawall bred the male, which he recorded in Stett. Ent. - Zeit., xvi., 230, but does not describe it, contenting himself with saying that it is much like H. melanarius, Ge. The male in structure is very like the female, but the abdomen is not quite so wide, and is quite black. Legs black ; front femora red, base black ; intermediate one black, apex red; hind one entirely black; tibie red ; apical third of hind one black; apical margin of seg- ments smooth and shining. Taschenberg says the pos- terior face of the metathorax is without the intermediate lines. Mr. Bignell bred two males and sixteen females (and from which this description is taken) on July 8th, 1882, from a pupa of Argynnis Paphia from the New Forest ; these have the lines more or less distinct. Hemiteles incisus, n. 8. Abdominis medio, pedibusque rufis, alis fasciis fuscis. Head somewhat shining, with very fine, somewhat scattered, punctures. Antenne rather more than half the length of the insect, reaching to the apex of the 2nd segment, filiform; two first joints of the flagellum sub- equal in length, about four times as long as wide, the remainder gradually diminishing in length, the space between the eyes slightly narrower above than below ; head transverse. Thorax as wide as the head, a little longer than high; mesothorax rather wider than long, trilobed, divisions not deep, extending to the centre, lateral lobes distinctly punctured ; punctures not very close; front half of middle lobe scabriculous, posterior half aciculate, interstices smooth and shiniug ; scutellum smooth and shining, with a few scattered punctures ; Catalogue of British Ichnewnonide. 151 metathorax shining, rather coarsely rugose, the two transverse lines very distinct and prominent, the lateral lines not so distinct, being confounded with longitudinal rugosities between the transverse lines; middle area an irregular hexagon twice as wide in front as behind, the boundaries of the upper lateral areze twice as long as those of the lower lateral aree ; back part of metathorax without central lines, so that a postero-medial area is not defined, the lateral aree terminating laterally in a subacute process. Abdomen rather longer than head and thorax; 1st segment of abdomen distinctly acicu- late; basal half of the 2nd finely aciculate ; remainder smooth and shining, with stiff scattered pubescence ; Ist segment gradually sloping from base to apex; sides of post-petiole slightly rounding, about twice as long as the width of the apex, this about four times as wide as the base ; remaining segments transverse ; apex of 2nd the widest; from here gradually sloping to the apex; in- cisions between the segments very distinct; aculeus rather more than one-fourth the length of the abdomen. Legs moderate. Areolet of wings pentagonal; outer nervure wanting; exterior inferior angle of discoidal cell beyond the corresponding angle of areolet; trans- verse anal divided below the centre; nervures of front wing and stigma dark brown, the latter white at the apex ; base of wing and first division of the costa pale, a dark fuscous cloud running across the wing from the stigma; 1st, 2nd, and greater part of 3rd joints of antenne, legs, apex of 1st, 2nd to 4th segments of abdo- men, red. Male. Length, 5°5 mm. A female taken by Mr. Billups at Chobham. Hemiteles distinctus, n.s. Abdominis medio pedibusque rufis, segmentis primo et secundo aciculato. Head and thorax finely reticulate; head transverse, inner orbits parallel, face transverse, cheeks not buccated, clypeus not distinctly separated from the face. Antenne slender, rather swollen before the apex; 1st joint of flagellum about four times as long as wide, remainder gradually decreasing in length; 9th quadrate ; antenne almost as long as the body. Thorax about one-half longer than high ; metathorax with the two transverse lines only moderately pubescent, slanting part with the 152 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s two central lines. Abdomen about as long and as wide as the head and thorax ; 1st segment gradually tapering to the spiracles, which are situated just behind the middle and not prominent; post-petiole longer than wide, sides almost parallel, about twice as wide as the petiole, the segment two and a half times as long as the width of the apex, distinctly but finely aciculate; the 2nd rather longer than wide, faintly but decidedly acicu- late, the remainder transverse; the whole abdomen with moderately scattered stiff pubescence, as is the crown of the head; aculeus about one-fourth of the abdomen. Legs slender. Areolet pentagonal; transverse ordinary - nervure interstitial; transverse discoidal divided just below the middle ; transverse anal subopposite, divided one-third from the bottom. Black ; legs, 2nd and 3rd segments of abdomen, pale chestnut ; these latter have a little darker spot on each side; hind coxe black-brown, apex pale; apical half of hind femora stained with fuscous; base and apex of hind tibiz and all the tarsi the same colour. Stigma pies nervures piceous; base of wings yellowish. Length, mm. One female taken by Mr. G. C. Bignell in the neigh- bourhood of Exeter on September 28rd, 1882. The structure of the metathorax and sculpture of the abdomen are different from any description that I have seen. Theroscopus niger, n. 8. Niger, pedibus rufis, coxis posticis piceis. Head shining, with a few scattered white hairs, hardly wider than the thorax, narrow behind the eyes, seen from above somewhat globose. Antenne shorter than the insect ; 1st and 2nd joints of flagellum about equal in length, about four times as long as wide; the 5th twice as long as wide. Thorax rather longer than high ; mesothorax trilobed, punctate, punctures on the middle lobe running into longitudinal aciculations ; metathorax with finely divided but distinct areew; supero-medial hexagonal, the lower lateral borders shorter than the upper ones; the posterior face without the lines de- fining a postero-medial area; the whole metathorax finely rugose and of normal length. Abdomen elongate- ovate, longer than the head and thorax, but not wider ; 1st segment without projecting spiracles, about twice as Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 158 long as the width of the apex,—this about four times as wide as the base, aciculate, as is the basal half of the 2nd segment; remaining segments transverse, and covered with scattered pubescence ; aculeus about one- half the length of the abdomen. Legs moderate. Re- mains of wings barely visible. Black ; the last three segments have the apical margin pale ; legs brownish red ; hind coxe brown; apical half of hind femora, a ring before the base, apex of middle and hind tibiz, and apex of tarsal joints of hinder legs, slightly fuscous. Female. Length, 4:5 mm. One female taken by Mr. Cameron at Kingussie. This appears to be a very distinct species, and, accord- ing to Foerster’s definition, hardly belongs to this genus, it having the metathorax furnished with complete are. Several of his genera do not appear at all satisfactory ; this species and Aptesis heniptera might go into the division having the metathorax with arex, as might also Mr. Marshall’s two species; then Aptesis hemiptera might be a Theroscopus by the structure of its Ist abdo- minal segment. Catalytus, again metathorax without are, contains one species or variety which has the wings of Aptesis, and which I unfortunately was led into describing as a new species (vide Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 141), Aptesis Foersterti = Catalytus Mangert = 2 C. fulveolatus, var. = ? C. longipennis, vay. Hemimachus piceus, n. 8. Niger, pedibus maximis ex parte piceo-rufis. Head, thorax, and Ist segment of abdomen opaque, finely reticulate; remainder of the abdomen smooth, but densely covered with fine pubescence. Head above transverse, slightly sloping behind the eyes; face longer than wide; cheeks slightly buccated ; clypeus separated from the face ; apex widely rotundate ; mandibular teeth subequal. Antenne rather more than three-fourths the length of the body; the first three or four joints of the flagellum subequal in length, about three times as long as wide; the 1st joint of the scape hardly so long as wide ; antenne and face pubescent. Thorax about one- third longer than high ; mesothorax trilobed, the lines reaching to the middle of the disc; scutellum convex, a little higher than the mesothorax, keels only just 154 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s reaching to the base ; metathorax rather long, the aree indicated by very fine lines; supero-medial area hexa- gonal, longer than wide, not closed above, or rarely so ; lateral arez divided, posterior transverse line slightly defined ; postero-medial area not defined. Abdomen elongate, cylindrical, not wider than the thorax, and as long as the head and thorax; the 8rd and 4th segments slightly the widest; 1st segment tapering from base to apex, varying in width at the apex from twice to three times the width of the base, the segment of normal length, the spiracles projecting, situated in the centre of the segment, a shallow groove in the middle, with faint keels not extending to the apex; 2nd segment rather longer than wide; 8rd subquadrate; the remainder transverse. Legs slender. Areolet of wings penta- gonal, when the outer nervure is present longer than wide, rather narrow above; external inferior angle of the discoidal cell opposite the corresponding angle of the areolet, if not a little beyond; stigma rather short, twice as long as wide; radial cell short and deep ; trans- verse ordinary nervure not interstitial ; transverse dis- coidal divided nearly one-third from the bottom ; trans- verse anal nervure of hind wing nearly straight, inter- rupted below the middle ; emitting nervure subobsolete. Black; legs red; front coxe sometimes entirely red, or the base black; middle coxe red, or more or less black; hind ones entirely black, or apex red; all the trochanters more or less marked with brown; middle femora sometimes with a fuscous stain above at the - apex ; hind femora with a more or less distinct fuscous line above; hind tibize with the apical half more or less distinctly stained with fuscous above, less so beneath, and a fuscous mark above before the base, this some- times almost entirely absent; middle and hind tarsi fuscous, sometimes apex of front ones; mouth and under side of scape of antennz sometimes piceous-red ; stigma fuscous; nervures of front wings fuscous, hind ones pale; base of wings and tegule pale. Length, 4°5 mm. These males I took by sweeping in the beginning of August, 1882, at Mousehold, near Norwich, but unfortu- nately took no female that might belong to the same species ; they had evidently only just emerged from the pupa. Ihave no doubt but that they are males of one of the black Pezomachus, two species of which, with Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 155 the same leg-coloration, are not uncommon in the same neighbourhood. Hemimachus hyponomeute, n. s. Pedibus rufis; segmento secundo abdominis rufis, fascia media nigra. Finely reticulate, opaque; head transverse, slanting behind the eyes; 1st joint of flagellum rather more than four times as long as wide; following joints gradually tapering to about the middle ; the remaining ones sub- equal. Antenne as long as the insect. Mesothorax trilobed, the lines reaching to the middle of the disc ; metathorax without superior arex, the transverse line strongly projecting without interruption; 1st segment of the abdomen gradually tapering, nearly twice as wide at the apex as at the base; spiracles very prominent ; post-petiole about one and a half times as long as wide ; 2nd segment about one-fourth longer than wide; re- mainder transverse. Abdomen about as wide as the thorax ; apex of 8rd segment the widest. Legs slender. Areolet of wings pentagonal ; outer nervures wanting ; transverse anal nervure divided below the middle. Scape and Ist joint of flagellum red, the former stained with brown; apical third of 1st segment of abdomen, base and apex of 2nd segment, red; the black band in the middle of this latter segment rather more than one-third the width of the segment. Legs red; apical half of hind femora slightly stained with brown, as also is apex of hind tibize and apical portion of the tarsal joints. Base of wings pale; nervures and stigma fuscous, the latter white at the base. Length, 5 mm. Bred from Hyponomeuta evonymellus by Mr. Mosley. This insect at first sight is very much like Pezomachus zonatus, but the head is narrower behind the eyes ; the 1st abdominal segment, although the same shape, is stouter, and the spiracles much more prominent; the metathorax has no arez, and the coxe are red. Hemimachus rufotinctus, n. 8. Prothorace, scutelli apice, abdominis medio, pedibus- que castaneo-rufis, posticis coxis femoribus piceis. Opaque, reticulate ; head rather wider than the thorax, TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PaRT II. (JUNE.) N 156 . Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's buccated, seen from above the portion behind the eyes about equal to one-half the width of the eyes ; 1st joint of flagellum the longest, about four times as long as wide, the remainder gradually decreasing in length, filiform, a little shorter than the insect. Thorax longer than high ; mesothorax trilobed, the lines distinctly im- pressed in front ; metathorax of ordinary length, sloping in a curve almost from base to apex, with indications of an elongate pentagonal supero-medial area, not closed behind ; posterior transverse line only defined at the sides. Abdomen ovate, about as long as the head and thorax, and a little wider than the latter; the 1st seg- ment is slightly longer than three times the width of the base ; spiracles very prominent ; post-petiole about one- fourth longer than wide, and not quite twice the width of the petiole; 2nd segment subquadrate, %.e., as long as the width of the apex; remainder transverse, the 3rd and 4th the widest, and of about equal width ; the apical half of the abdomen covered with pubescence, about midway between dense and very scattered. Legs slender. Wings, outer nervure of areolet wanting, recurrent nervure curved towards the apex of the wing, transverse ordinary interstitial, no nervelet, transverse anal opposite, divided one-third from the bottom, emit- ting nervure distinct. Scape and base of 1st joint of flagellum partly pale chestnut-red; collar and apex of scutellum dull red; apex of 1st segment of abdomen, 2nd and 3rd, pale chestnut-red, the 2nd with a transverse fuscous stain in the middle, the 8rd with a large brownish black mark which occupies almost the entire segment. Legs pale chestnut-red ; front femora behind, intermediate ones in front, with a fuscous line; hind coxe, hind femora, except the base, fuscous ; apex of middle and hind tibie slightly stained. Wings stained with a slightly darker band across the wing before the stigma, and another from the middle of the stigma to the apex of the wing, an irregular white line running along the recurrent discoidal nervure; both the radial nervure and stigma brown, the latter white at the base. Length, 4°5 mm. Male taken at Felthorpe, near Norwich. This insect, which I have little doubt is the male of one of the Pezomachus group, appears to me to be un- described. In many respects it agrees very well with Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 157 H. variabilis, Ratz., but from the meagre description (Die Ichneumonen, vol. iii., p. 158) it would be impossible to say it was not that species; Hr. Brischke, in Schrift. d. natur. Gesell. in. Danzig, 1876, says that H. variabilis, Ratz., is the male of Pezomachus cursitans, Gr., and is the maleof Hemiteles palpator, Gr.,and confirms the statement in l. c., 1878, p. 202, but in neither gives any description of the abdomen generally. Gravenhorst (Ich. Eur., vol. il., p. 819) says :—‘‘ Abdomen capitis thoracisque longi- tudine, maris thorace paulo angustius, oblongum” ; in rufocinctus it is rather wider than the thorax. Henimachus rufipes, n. 8. Basi antennarum, pedibus, abdominisque basi rufis. Subopaque, densely and finely reticulate ; head trans- verse, narrow behind the eyes; cheeks not buccated ; face slightly protuberant, transverse, inner orbits parallel. Clypeus separated from the face ; apex rotundate ; man- dibular teeth subequal. Antenne about as long as the insect ; 1st and 2nd joints of flagellum of about equal length, about four times as long as wide. Thorax nearly one-third longer than high; anterior part of meso- thorax indistinctly trilobed ; upper part of metathorax about as long as the back part, with two transverse curved lines, but no horizontal lines defining a supero- medial area; Ist abdominal segment rather long and slender; post-petiole one-third longer than wide; spiracles rather prominent, one-third wider than the petiole, and a little shorter than it ; 2nd segment rather longer than wide ; remainder transverse, the 4th seg- ment the widest. Legs slender. Areolet inperfect ; transverse anal nervure scarcely ante-furchal, divided about one-third from the bottom; no trace of nervelet in cubito-discoidal nervure. Mouth, base of antenne, and legs red ; two small red spots on upper part of collar; 1st abdominal segment red, sides to middle of post-petiole stained with brown ; 2nd segment entirely red; 3rd red, more or less marked with a transverse central brown band, sometimes almost obsolete ; apical margin of remaining segments some- times pale; stigma fuscous; nervures rather faint. Length,4mm. Male. I have two males taken in the neighbourhood. of Norwich in July. 158 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's Hemimachus ovatus, n. 8. Abdomine ovato, basi antennarum, abdomine medio pedibusque rufis. Head, thorax, and abdomen finely and densely reticu- late, opaque. Head narrow behind the eyes; face slightly protuberant, subquadrate, a little longer than wide ; sides parallel; cheeks not buccated. Antenne about as long as the body ; Ist and 2nd joints of flagellum subequal, about four times as long as wide. Thorax rather longer than high ; mesothorax distinctly trilobed, the depressions between the lobes extending to the scu- tellum ; metathorax short, without arex, the hinder transverse line only present, and that feeble; 1st abdo- minal segment rather short ; petiole scarcely longer than the post-petiole, which is quadrate, rather more than twice as wide as the petiole; spiracles projecting and very prominent. Abdomen oblong-ovate, rather wider than the thorax, and about as long as the head and thorax ; 2nd and remaining segments transverse, apex of 2nd and 3rd the widest. Legs slender. Wings clear ; stigma fuscous, the imperfect areolet very small ; cubito- discoidal nervure with a trace of nervelet, the transverse anal nervure ante-furchal, and divided one-third from the bottom. Mouth, base of antenne, and legs red; 1st segment of abdomen red ; base and sides of petiole dark brown, a fuscous stain across the middle of the post-petiole ; 2nd segment red, with a faint fuscous stain across the ~ middle; 3rd red, with a wide brown irregular mark across the segment, nearly obliterating the red; stigma and nervures fuscous; base of wings pale. Length, 4°5 mm. One male taken at Brundall, Sept. 15th, 1881. Hemimachus rufocinctus. Under the above name, in a collection that belonged to Mr. Marshall, are four male: insects which do not agree either with Taschenberg’s description of Hemiteles rufocinctus, Gr., nor to Hr. Brischke’s description of Hemimachus rufocinctus, Ratz., which is the male of Foerster’s Pezomachus instabilis. 'Taschenberg says that H. rufocinctus, Gr., has on the metathorax two transverse lines longitudinally wrinkled between them, but no Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 159 supero-medial area laterally defined. Hr. Brischke says that H. rufocinctus, Ratz., is the male of P. instabilis, and is different from H. rufocinctus, Gr., and that it has an elongated pentagonal supero-medial area on the meta- thorax. Mr. Marshall’s insect does not belong to either of these ; the metathorax is very short, has no trace of Supero-medial area, and but part of one transverse line is present, and that only at the sides; the true Hemi- machus rufocinctus, like P. instabilis, has the abdomen covered with scattered hairs, whilst Mr. Marshall’s in- sect is densely covered with pubescence. Mr. Bignell has bred two females and a male which may be a variety of Hemimachus rufocinctus, but they are smaller than this insect generally is; the male has only a flattened depression indicating the supero-medial area, and the female has the legs almost entirely black- brown, and not the greater part red, as is generally the case. I have seen this variety from Dr. Capron and Mr. Billups, and have taken it myself. As I have seen no insect described at all like Mr. Marshall’s males, I have added a description and suggest that it should be named H. confusus. Dy. Capron has kindly given me a speci- men of this insect. Apex of Ist segment of abdomen, base and apex of 2nd, and base of 3rd, reddish; greater part of front legs, all the tibie and tarsi, reddish; stigma fuscous. Antenne about three-fourths the length of the insect ; joints of flagellum shorter than usual; 1st joint rather more than three times as long as wide; 2nd and 3rd subequal in length, rather shorter than the Ist, gradually decreasing in length, none of the joints exactly quad- rate, the whole antenne pilose ; head somewhat buccated behind the eyes, a little wider than the thorax. Thorax about as long as high ; mesothorax not trilobed; meta- thorax very short, almost inclining from base to apex, rough, no trace of supero-medial area; posterior trans- verse line defined only at the sides; 1st segment of abdomen elongate, tapering from base to apex ; tubercles more or less distinct ; post-petiole nearly one-half longer than wide. Abdomen elongate-ovate, the 8rd segment the widest, the whole abdomen covered with dense pube- scence ; 2nd segment nearly as long as the width of the apex; remaining ones transverse. Areolet of wings imperfect; transverse anal nervure divided one-third from the bottom. The whole insect is opaque, finely reticulate. Male. Length, 3°5—4 mm. 160 Myr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s Hemimachus annulicornis, Marsh. MS. ? = Pezomachus juvenilis, Foerst., Mon. d. Gat. Pez., 1S6,. (250 9ie In the ‘Entomologist’s Annual,’ 1874, p. 127, the Rev. T. A. Marshall mentions the male and female of a small Pezomachus, which he took in numbers at Milford Haven. I have lately had an opportunity of examining these insects: the female I believe to be Pezomachus juvenilis, Foerst., an insect named and described from a single specimen, as the majority of Foerster’s species were. Mr. Bignell has taken this same species in plenty in the neighbourhood of Plymouth, and I find, although there is no variation in structure, the depth of colour and the size vary much. The length given by Foerster appears to be the minimum; in a series from Mr. Bignell now before me I find they vary from 2 mm. to nearly 4 mm. in length; in some instances the head is nearly as light coloured as the thorax, while in others it is quite dark red. The fuscous bands on the 8rd and 4th abdominal segments also vary in intensity. The male being undescribed, I have ventured to add a de- scription of it :— Basi abdominis, pedibus, et basi antennarum, rufis. Antenne long and slender, rather longer than the insect ; 1st joint of flagellum about five times as long as wide, 2nd rather shorter, gradually decreasing in length, none exactly quadrate ; head subglobose, much wider than the thorax. Thorax about one-third longer than high, narrow; mesothorax not trilobed; upper part of metathorax slightly longer than the back part; trans- verse ridge distinct, but without supero-medial area ; 1st segment of abdomen somewhat elongate, gradually tapering to the region of the spiracles; from thence sides parallel; post-petiole not quite one-half longer than wide. Abdomen about as wide as the thorax; the 4th segment the widest ; the 2nd one-third longer than wide ; the remainder transverse. The wings vary from normal size to more or less abbreviated ; the neuration towards the apex imperfect. Head black; base of antennze more or less red or piceous. Thorax pale piceous; 1st, 2nd, and greater Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 161 part of 8rd segment ochraceous or pale piceous-red ; legs of the same colour, as well as stigma and nervures. Length, 2 mm. or a little more. Aptesis Foerstert. Last year I described this species as new. I now find it is only a very short-winged Catalytus, a genus I had not then seen. This appears tobe C. Mangeri, Gr. Last summer I took a male with almost fully-developed wings, and have seen a female of C. fulveolatus, Gr., and, except the length of the wings, could detect no difference between them. It seems to me that Catalytus is a very weak genus; in fact there seems no distinct generic characters to separate Catalytus, Aptesis, and Theros- copus from one another, and they might fairly be included in one genus; perhaps Oresbius, Marshall, would not be much out of place if associated with them. Pezomachus dubitator, Foerst. In a previous paper (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p- 156), under the above heading, I noticed a Pezomachus which I thought might be the above species. I have now but little doubt that they do not belong to this species, but are small dark varieties of Pezomachus analis, Foerst., having only the first two segments red, and sometimes the 2nd is deeply stained with brown. I find in almost all the species of Pezomachus that I have seen in any number that colour cannot be depended on for specific distinction. The one under discussion varies from having only the 1st segment of the abdomen red to those having the abdomen almost entirely red, only one or two of the apical segments being stained with brown. Mr. Bignell has been fortunate enough to breed the dark variety, and with this three males which agree exactly with Foerster’s description of P. conveniens, Mon. Pez., 281, 195. Of these three, two are rather darker than the description whilst the other is as described by Foerster. They were bred from Zygena filipendule. 162 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s Pezomachus brevis, un. 8. Niger, pedibus piceis. This species comes in Foerster’s division A. II. a. yy., next to P. pumilus, but is much larger, and the 7th joint of the antenne is only a little longer than broad. Foerster says the thorax is of ordinary length, with the metathorax short; in this the meso- and metathorax are of the same length, and very short; 2nd joint of flagellum a little longer than the 1st, this about two and a half times as long as broad; 5th rather longer than wide ; head transverse, much wider than the thorax ; _ meso- and metathorax of about equal length, very short ; metathorax with no trace of the transverse line. Thorax much higher than long; back part of metathorax flat and slanting. Abdomen ovate; spiracles scarcely pro- truding ; post-petiole broad; abdomen covered with scattered hairs; aculeus not quite so long as the Ist segment. Black ; scape and 1st joint of flagellum reddish brown; mouth and legs brownish red, four anterior femora towards the base rather darker; hind femora reddish brown, as is the extreme apex of hind tibize below; in- cisions of anterior segments of the abdomen slightly pale ; 6th segment entirely pale. Length about 4 mm. Taken by Mr. F. P. Pascoe at Dover. Pezomachus hieracti, n. 8. Niger, pedibus piceis. This Pezomachus belongs to Foerster’s division A. I. h., and comes next to P. tener. Head transverse, rather slanting behind the eyes. Antenne moderate ; 1st and 2nd joints of flagellum sub- equal in length, about three times as long as wide, the 5th rather longer than wide; mesothorax short ; meso- and metathorax of equal length, the back part of the latter slanting and flat, without the transverse ridge; 1st segment of abdomen broad at the apex; spiracles not projecting ; the remaining segments transverse ; the ~ 2nd and 8rd much shorter than usual, scarcely so deep as the width of the apex of the Ist segment, densely and uniformly covered with pubescence; aculeus a little longer than the 1st segment. Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 163 Black ; base of 1st joint of flagellum pale; apex of 1st abdominal piceous; legs lighter or darker piceous ; trochanters pale; apex of front and middle femora reddish ; front tibie and tarsi reddish; base of middle tibiz, middle and apex of hind tibiz, and tarsi, reddish ; apical joints of tarsidark. Length, 2°75—3°5 mm. The smaller of these was taken by Mr. Billups at Bur- ford Bridge, Sept., 1881; the larger ones were bred by Mr. Billups and Mr. Bignell from galls of Aulax hieracii. Pezomachus vagans, Oliv. In the middle of July I bred both sexes of this Pezo- machus from a spider’s nest, and, as I believe the male is undescribed, I here give a description. Niger, abdominis medio pedibusque rufis, femoribus et tibiis posticis piceis; alis completis. Subopaque, finely and densely punctured; head seen above somewhat square, seen in front subrotund, rather wider than long; cheeks slightly rounded, not descend- ing below the base of the mandibles ; clypeus separated from the face, rounded at the apex, a moderate pro- tuberance between the clypeus and the antenne in the middle of the face, a distinctly impressed line in the centre, reaching from the antenne to the anterior ocellus, the space between the eyes wider below than above. Antenne slender, slightly swollen from just before the middle, a little thinner again at the apex; 1st and 2nd joints of flagellum of equal length, the 1st about four times as long as wide, all the joints longer than wide; the 7th one-third wider than the lst ; antenne about as long as the insect. Thorax elongate, about one-third longer than high; mesothorax a regular diamond in shape, parapsides faintly defined, a well-marked de- pression running from the scutellum to almost the middle of the mesothorax; metathorax, seen from above the upper part is not quite so long as the width between the spiracles, without arez, posterior transverse line strongly developed, the punctures or reticulations running trans- versely backward from the centre, forming wavy delicate rugosities ; back part slightly sloping, with no perpen- dicular lines, but a distinct costa at the bottom; 1st segment of abdomen about as long or a little longer than the hind coxe ; spiracles about in the middle and rather 164 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s prominent; post-petiole but slightly wider than the petiole ; the 4th segment the widest ; the 2nd as long as the width of the apex; remainder transverse; the 4th and following segments with short, rather scattered, hairs. Legs slender. Wings of normal length, but narrow ; stigma elongate; radial cell almost parallel ; areolet pentagonal, outer nervure wanting; posterior inferior angle of discoidal cell about opposite to the corresponding angle of the areolet; cubito-discoidal nervure without a trace of nervelet ; transverse discoidal divided far above the middle; transverse anal slightly geniculated below the centre, but without emitting ner- vure. ~ Black ; apex of 1st abdominal segment, 2nd and 3rd, red, sides of the latter sometimes piceous. Legs rufo- testaceous ; middle femora slightly piceous in the middle ; hind femora nigro-piceous, base red; middle tibiw, apex slightly piceous ; hind tibie, apex and outside almost to the base nigro-piceous ; hind tarsi and apex of front and middle ones slightly browned ; base of hind coxe some- times the same. Wings slightly smoky; nervures and stigma brown, apex of latter white ; base of wings pale. Length, 3 mm. OPHIONIDA. Anomalon perspicuum, Wesm. Wesm., Buli. d. Belgique, xvi., 127, 7; Holm., Consp. Anom. Suec., 176, 10; Holm., Mon. Oph. Suec., py eae Ue Mr. E. Atmore, of Lynn, bred this Anomalon from Cleora lichenaria in June last year. Sagaritis raptor, Zett. Porizon raptor, Zett., Ins. Lapp., 396, 4. Sagaritis raptor, Holm., Mon. Oph. Suec., 44,2,¢,2. I took a female Sagaritis at Brundall, near Norwich, in July, which agrees almost exactly with Holmgren’s description of S. raptor; the only differences are that the supero-medial area of the metathorax is hardly transverse, the 2nd segment of the abdomen is almost entirely red, and the hind tibie entirely so. Catalogue of British Ichneuwmonide. 165 Sagaritis incisa, n. 8. Niger, femoribus, tibiis tarsisque maxima ex parte rufis, post-petiolo scrobiculis tribus, segmento secundo transversim impresso; aculeo segmento primo dimidio breviore. Face subquadrate; mandibular teeth subequal. An- ‘tenne a little shorter than the thorax and abdomen ; head transverse, narrow behind the eyes, rather wider than the thorax, with very fine white pubescence. Thorax rather longer than high, parapsides rather distinct, extending to the middle of the mesothorax; supero- medial area of metathorax subhexagonal, sometimes closed behind, sometimes not ; lateral areew imperfectly divided or not at all; postero-medial area wide, not concave. Legs moderate. Abdomen rather short and wide ; post-petiole rather longer than wide ; sides almost parallel, about three times as wide as the petiole and a little shorter than it; in a line with the spiracles are three very distinct pits, one in the middle and one on each side; 2nd segment a little longer than wide, with a wide obsolete transverse depression just below the base, and a very distinct deep one before the apex; 3rd and remaining segments transverse; aculeus one-half the length of the 1st segment. Wings, areolet rhomboidal, the shape of the areolet in Mesochorus but smaller ; recurrent nervure received before the centre; transverse ordinary nervure almost interstitial; transverse anal interrupted below the middle, with scarcely a trace of nervure proceeding from it; stigma long and narrow. Black ; palpi reddish yellow; legs red; coxe, base of front and middle trochanters, black; base and apex of hind tibiz, towards the apex of front and middle tarsi and hind one entirely fuscous; stigma and nervures fuscous; base of wing and tegule yellow. Length, 5 mm. Two females bred by Mrs. F. Norgate. The host is uncertain ; the cocoon is elongate, and of uniform tawny brown. I can find no description of a Sagaritis which agrees with this very marked species, and the only Limneria which appears to me to come near it is C. seniculus, Gr., I. E., in., 4738, male. This species Gravenhorst notes as having three pits on the post-petiole, just as Mrs. 166 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall’s Norgate’s has, but the areolet is differently shaped; and Ratzeburg and Brischke have assigned a very different female to it. Nemeritis rufipes, uu. 8. Niger, pedibus rufis. This insect comes next to N. macrocentra, but differs in having the legs entirely red, and the segments of the abdomen longer. Head transverse, narrow behind the eyes. Antenne about three-fourths the length of the insect. Thorax longer than high ; metathorax with five arez ; supero- medial area longer than wide; back part of metathorax concave. Abdomen long and slender, nearly twice as long as the head and thorax; 1st segment longer than the hind coxe and trochanters; 2nd segment nearly three times as long as wide; the 3rd not quite twice as long as wide; 4th and 5th subquadrate; 6th slightly transverse ; abdomen covered with fine white pubescence ; aculeus about two-thirds the length of the abdomen, very slightly curved upwards. Areolet of wings petio- lated ; recurrent nervure received beyond the middle ; the transverse anal nervure not interrupted. Legs slender. Black; legs red; extreme apex of tarsi fuscous ; base of wings pale straw-colour; stigma pale piceous. Female. Length, 7 mm. This very distinct species has been taken by Dr. Capron at Shere, who kindly gave me the specimen from which this description is taken. Mesochorus pectinipes, n. 8. Niger ; facie, segmentis tertii medio, pedibusque rufis, coxis posticis nigris. Head behind the eyes subbuccated ; face transverse, a little narrower above than below; mandibular teeth of equal length ; clypeus distinctly separated from the face, widely rotundate, smooth, with a few scattered punctures ; face distinctly and rather coarsely punctured, becoming finer and closer towards the centre; from the centre of the clypeus to the antenne runs a distinct ridge, and from this transversely below the antenne, slightly in- clining upwards exteriorly, is another line, which together Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 167 resemble a capital T; a slight impression above each antenna; forehead smooth, with only the hair pits. Antenne longer than the insect ; 1st joint of flagellum a little longer than the 2nd and 8rd combined, which are subequal in length, and about three times as long as wide ; head and thorax covered with dirty white pube- scence, longer on the metathorax. Thorax longer than high ; mesothorax trilobed, covered with fine, regularly scattered, punctures ; apex of scutellum pointed ; meta- thorax with distinct aree ; supero-medial area elongate, coffin-shaped ; postero-medial complete, about as wide as long, curved upwards above and below. Claws of tarsi furnished with long close pectinations to the extreme apex. Abdomen longer than the head and thorax, and a little narrower ; 1st segment as long or a little longer than the hind coxe and trochanters ; spiracles situated just beyond the middle, between these and the apex, the sides slightly curved inwards; sides without keels; the apex one-third wider than across the spiracles, and rather more than twice the width of the petiole ; just before the apex a transverse line of faint aciculations ; 2nd segment one-fourth longer than wide, the 3rd rather longer than wide, remainder transverse. Wings, trans- verse ordinary nervure interstitial; recurrent nervure received one-third from base of areolet ; transverse anal not divided. Mouth, face, cheeks, all the orbits, and base of an- tenne, pitchy red; margin of collar, extreme apex of 2nd abdominal segment, back of 3rd, and a spot at the base of 4th, pale pitchy. Legs rufo-testaceous ; hind coxee black ; extreme base and apex of hind tibiz scarcely clouded ; 5th tarsal joint and claws dark; stigma fus- cous, base pale; base of wings straw-coloured. Male. Length, 6 mm. This species, which appears to me to be undescribed, belongs to the same division of Holmgren’s as M. thoracicus, distinguished by the tarsal claws being pecti- nated to the apex. One male taken in the neighbourhood of Norwich at the beginning of May. 168 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshiull’s Mesochorus hirsutus, n. 8. Facie pedibusque flavidis, pectore, scutello, et dorso mesothoracis rufis. Head transverse, behind the eyes narrow; teeth of mandibles of equal length; face subtransverse; head smooth and shining; 1st joint of flagellum one-third longer than the 2nd, about six times as long as wide. Thorax longer than high, finely punctate, covered with fine pubescence; metathorax with five subdistinct are. Ist segment of abdomen a little longer than the pos- terior cox and trochanters; petiole rather longer than the post-petiole, about one-third the width ; the sides of the post-petiole almost parallel, marginated at the sides, this, as well as the rest of the abdomen, smooth and shining ; 2nd and remaining segments clothed with regularly dispersed pubescence; 2nd segment slightly longer than wide; 8rd subquadrate ; remainder trans- verse; styles shorter than usual, about one-third the leneth of the 1st segment. Legs moderate; claws pectinated to about the middle, pectinations not close. External radial nervure almost straight; transverse ordinary not quite interstitial ; recurrent nervure received before the middle; transverse anal neryure divided below the middle. Aculeus of female about as long as the Ist segment. 3. Black; face, cheeks, and mouth yellowish. An- tenne rufo-fuscous, palest at base of flagellum ; breast © and sides of mesothorax testaceous; scutellum and two streaks at base of mesothorax dull red. Legs reddish straw-colour ; hind coxe and hind femora more red; extreme apex of hind tibie and apical joints of all the tarsi brownish black; stigma and nervures piceous. Length,8 mm. Male and female. The female differs from the male only in being gene- rally darker, the scutellum having only a trace of red, and the face black or blackish. This fine species was taken by Dr. Capron in the neighbourhood of Shere, and to him I am indebted for a specimen. It comes in Section I. C. a. ** of Holm- gren’s divisions of Mesochorus. Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 169 Miomeris equisgranensis, Foerst. Uebersicht d. Gatt. u. Art. d. Fam. d. Plectiscoiden, Poy es es A male of this species has been taken by Mr. EK. Par- fitt in the neighbourhood of Exeter. Dicolus pectoralis, Foerst. Piece Oh as Ss This species is added to our list on the strength of a female which was sent to me by the Rev. T. A. Mar- shall. These last two insects belong to the Plectiscus group, which Foerster has divided into many genera ; both species are very distinct and easily recognised. TRYPHONIDA. Erromenus analis, Brischke. Brischke, D. Ich. d. Prov. W. u. O. Preus., p.101,3,?. Mr. J. K. Fletcher has bred a male of this species from Nematus crassulus ; it differs slightly from the de- scription in having the margins of the middle seements of the abdomen not pale marked, and there is a fuscous spot above on the hind tibie before the base, and the hind and intermediate tarsi are brownish stained to- wards their apical half. This species is very like an Hxochus, as Hr. Brischke has remarked ; the greater part of the legs are red, and the apex of the abdomen is red. Cteniscus Dahlbomi, Holm. Mon. Try. Suec., 242, 40, 2. I captured a specimen of this species at Horning Ferry, Norfolk, at the end of June. Mr. Bignell has also taken a female in the neighbourhood of Plymouth. Exochus niger, n. 8. Niger, tibiis tarsisque rufis. Head subquadrate, slanting behind the eyes; trans- verse impressions below the anterior ocellus very faint ; head shining, with a few scattered punctures; meso- 170 Mr. Bridgman’s additions to Mr. Marshall's thorax evenly punctured almost all over the disc ; meta- thorax with three aree; head, thorax, and abdomen with fine scattered white pubescence ; the middle of the 2nd and 8rd abdominal segments free from the pube- scence ; middle of the abdomen entirely free from punc- tures, very smooth and shining; 2nd segment longer than wide; the 3rd subquadrate. Legs stout. Wings without areolet ; transverse anal nervure divided below the centre. Black ; mouth, antenne beneath and base of flagellum, tibiew, tarsi, apex of front femora, and extreme apex of intermediate and hind femora, brownish red; base of wings and tegule the same colour, stigma and nervures black. Length, 5 mm. This Hazochus would come between h. and hh. of Holmeren’s division B. aa. f., and differs from them in the red tibie. One female taken the beginning of August, 1882, in the neighbourhood of Norwich. Exochus pictus, Holm. Holm., Mon. Try. Suec., 812, 9, 3, 2; Holm., Dip. Meth. Exoch. Scand., 66, 6, 3, ?. A female of this species has been received from Mr. Cameron taken at Thornhill. Bassus tibialis, n. 8. Niger, pedibus rufis, tibiis posticis basi albo ; scutelli lateribus albo, areola nulla. Shining ; a distinct rounded projection below the an- tennz; apex of clypeus truncate, the middle slightly raised, with a circular depression on each side ; a distinct fovea above each antenna, with a groove between them ; antenne filiform and hairy, reaching to about the apex of the 1st segment; 1st joint of flagellum one-third longer than the 2nd, from this gradually tapering to the apical joint, which is conical; the 2nd one-third longer than wide; supero-medial area of metathorax sub- quadrate ; back part of metathorax somewhat coarsely rugose, upper part distinctly so; 1st segment of abdo- men about one-fourth longer than wide, sides almost parallel, slightly bowed, coarsely longitudinally rugose, canaliculated ; base of 2nd segment the same sculpture, Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. 171 with two short transverse diagonal impressions on each side at the base and towards the middle of the segment, one-third longer than wide; 38rd rather longer than wide, compressed towards the apex ; remaining segments much compressed. Legs a little stouter than usual in this genus. Wings without an areolet; transverse cubital subobsolete, as in Xylonomus ; nervelet present ; transverse anal nervure divided a little below the middle. Black ; mandibles at the base, a triangular mark on clypeus, shoulders, tegule, sides of scutellum, base of hind tibie, base of 1st jomt of hind tarsi, yellowish white ; apex of mandibles, sides of clypeus, and legs, red ; stigma piceous, extreme base pale; base of wings pale. Length,7 mm. Female. One specimen was given to me by Mr. F. Norgate, locality uncertain ; and two have been bred by Mr. J. K. Fletcher, from pupe of some dipteron dug up at Worcester, May 22nd, 1872. TRANS. ENT. Soc. 1883.—PART II. (JUNE.) o 4 Hele ie tut tae Lae trea cH sity sa ic SOU GIE rane i pase hats 2 a fai eey” cn hep tse tthe *§ oh etait ty aia’ md rate & Absy Niles om at gol: Paitht: Uae tia dey eal nA phi AY Ciel tad eS Stl) ae ot artim ie ee pit arae bi ha ree " of fagt © ie) La ess eee BOL _ rahe saith gh atodle ; eae ; Aaa We te aie ite Peta alias ot eerie it a ap fete #8 epee 14 iden Pada reas AAP AO ; DELS eo) i eile Mewes a Yat aR AAT yh aes Ht nay ies ; = ‘Seitsi}! father os Tite: 9 arte ab A Ks i: ale ae PF ateape: Sik as ie > ‘ta A: wt. ' me is /ahehs Gra ehs wee Pula teres i bd) Hy ae ae Re itysola igi Se ts qiehi' Hoey] el if jwild te . ie oe ; ie oe 1 V; oy Tt). he oo ‘ Ea Cra gee4) VIII. Remarks on a small collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera from Borneo, with descriptions of new species. By A. Sipney OLLIFF. [Read April 4th, 1883. } Tue Clavicorns enumerated in the following list were collected by W. B. Pryer, Esq., at Sandakan, in N.E. Borneo. Although the collection contains but twenty- one species, it will, I think, be advisable to publish a complete list of them in preference to merely describing the new forms, as the Coleoptera of this locality, or indeed of any portion of Northern Borneo, are but very imperfectly known. I have added references to the de- scriptions of those species which are not included in the Munich Catalogue. To receive a species of Phylloscelis from Borneo is interesting, as showing the very wide distribution of the genus. P. ovides, Mars., on which the genus was founded, was described from Senegal, P. testudo, Gers., from Zanzibar, and P. arechavalete, Mars., from Monte Video. I have seen a specimen of P. testudo in Mr. George Lewis’ collection from Abyssinia. The two new genera and more important novelties in this collection Mr. Waterhouse proposes to figure in an early number of his ‘ Aid to the Identification of Insects.’ I hope soon to have an opportunity of investigating the Hrotylide, Endomychide, and Coccinellide contained in Mr. Pryer’s collection. List of species referred to in this paper :— HIistTERIDm. Carpophilus ordinatus, n. s. Pleswus javanus, Erich. Trimenus adpressus, Murr. Phylloscelis orbicularis, n.s. Prometopia rhombus, nu. s. a catillina, n. 8. NITIDULIDS. Calonecrus wallacei, Thoms. TROGOSITIDA. 6 rufipes, Pasc. Narcisa lynceus, n. 8. TRANS. ENT. soc. 1883.—PART Il. (JUNE.) 174 + Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small Acrops punctata, Fabr. Psammeecus lursutus, n. 8. Ancyrona pryert, 1. 8. Lophocateres (n. g.) nanus, MycrToPHAGIDA. n. 8. Litargus exiguus, i. 8. CoLyYDIIDA. Bothrideres nocturnus, Pasc. DERMESTIDA. Dermestes cadaverimus, CucusIpm. Fabr. Ancistria retusa, Fabr. Trogoderma defectum, Inopeplus borneensis, Ni. 8. Walk. Platycotylus (n. g.) musi- Orphilus oscitans, ui. 8. tatus, Nn. 8. HISTERIDA. Puasius, Hrichson. Plesius javanus, Erich. One example only, which is somewhat narrower than the typical form. Puyuuosceuis, Marseul. Phylloscelis orbicularis, n. 8. Orbicular, very convex above, a little longer than broad, shiny black. Head large, transverse, with a fine marginal stria. Antenne pitchy, apical joint brownish yellow. Mandibles short, robust, and strongly curved, with the apex acutely bifid. Prothorax large, sides’ regularly rounded, anterior margin slightly produced in the middle, the lateral stria close to the margin, sparsely, irregularly, and extremely finely punctured. Scutellum scarcely visible, triangular. Elytra twice as long as the prothorax, a little broader at the base than at the apex, truncate behind, with the outer angles rounded ; sides with a fine marginal stria: each elytron with six strie ; the sutural entire and rather indistinct; the others well marked, the first, second, and third parallel and entire, the fourth uniting with the sutural, the fifth commencing before the middle and extending to the apex; humeral stria very indistinct, oblique. Prosternum short, narrow, much broader in front than behind, with a strong central ridge extending from the base to just behind the apex. Mesosternum twice as broad as long; anterior margin collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 176 much produced in the centre, with a feebly defined mar- ginal stria, and another well-marked flexuous stria ex- tending from the posterior angle to near the middle of the anterior margin. Metasternum large, with a deeply- impressed central line, sides oblique, marginal stria distinct ; near the posterior margin there are deep, scattered, rather elongate punctures. The first abdo- minal segment with coarse punctuation at the base. Legs pitchy, all the tibie armed on their outer margins with short, sharp spines, and on their inner margins with a few much smaller and sharper ones ; tibial spurs short and acute. Length, 8 mm.; width, 23 mm. This species is allied to Phylloscelis ovides, Mars., but cannot be confounded with it on account of the different structure of its mandibles and legs, smaller size, and the dissimilarity in their dorsal strie. The strong punctuation at the base of the metasternum and on the basal segment of the abdomen is not mentioned in the description of any described species of Phylloscelis. NITIDULIDA. CaLoneEcrus, Thomson. Calonecrus wallacet, Thoms. The two examples obtained, as seems almost invariably the case with this species, have a transparent yellow sticky substance adhering to them. Calonecrus rufipes, Pascoe. A single specimen of this rare species was obtained. CarporHitus, Stephens. Carpophilus ordinatus, n. 8. Oblong-ovate, rather convex, black, somewhat shin- ing, sparingly clothed with fine fuscous pubescence. Head transverse, strongly and moderately closely punc- tured, with a feebly-defined longitudinal central impres- sion. Eyes large, prominent, and finely granulated. Clypeus shining, impunctate. Antenne pitchy, basal joint and club rather darker. Prothorax at the base twice as broad as long, moderately narrowed in front, where it is a little broader than the head together with the eyes, slightly convex, very coarsely and closely 176 Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small punctured ; anterior angles obtuse ; sides gently arcuate, finely margined; posterior angles acute. Scutellum large, rounded posteriorly, more finely punctured than the prothorax. Elytra as broad as the prothorax at the base, but rather narrower at the apex, finely punctate- striate ; interstices very narrow, scarcely raised ; apex of each elytron strongly rounded, rather oblique on the inner side; sides with a fine reflexed margin. Abdomen with the last two segments exposed, strongly punctate, and somewhat shining above ; the last segment with the sides oblique and slightly sinuate before the apex, the apex truncate, very slightly emarginate, outer angles obtuse. Under side black, feebly and rather thickly punctate. Legs pitchy, tarsi paler. Length, 38 mm. ; width, 13 mm. This very distinct species is best placed in Section VII. of Murray’s subgenus, ‘‘ Carpophilus proper.” It is nearest to C. bakewelli, Murray, but has the prothorax proportionately broader, and the elytra punctate-striate and much longer than in that species. Trmenvus, Murray. Trimenus adpressus, Murr. Although a considerable number of specimens were obtained, none appear to approach JT’. angustatus, de- scribed by Mr. Murray with much hesitation as a dis- tinct species. Prometorpra, Hrichson. Prometopia rhombus (Murray in litt). Oblong-ovate, moderately convex above, fuscous, some- what shining, covered with short, fine, and close greyish yellow pubescence. Head embedded in a deep emargi- nation of the prothorax, transversely impressed, rather finely and closely punctured. Clypeus punctured as closely as the head. Eyes moderately large and coarsely eranulated. Antenne reddish brown. Prothorax at the base two and one-half times broader than long, narrowed in front, rather finely and closely punctured, deeply quadrangularly emarginate in front, finely margined, anterior angles acute and prominent, sides with a broad testaceous reflexed margin, posterior angles slightly acute. Scutellum very short and broad, rounded behind, collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 177 finely punctured. Elytra about twice as long as the prothorax, finely and irregularly punctured, sides gradu- ally rounded, with a testaceous reflexed margin vanish- ing at the apex. Pygidium with only the apex visible from above. Legs reddish brown. Length, 3} mm.; width, 2} mm. Can only be compared with Prometopia binotata, Murray, with which it agrees in outline; it is, however, at once separated from that species by its narrower head, more prominent mandibles, different colour, and more pubescent surface. Prometopia catillina, n. s. Oblong, a little broader in front than behind, pitchy, rather shining, sparingly clothed with very fine and short yellowish grey pubescence. Head very large, transverse, embedded in an emargination of the prothorax, im- pressed in front, finely and closely punctured at the base. yes large, rather finely granulated. Antenne brownish testaceous. Prothorax a little more than twice as broad as long, slightly narrowed in front of the middle, very finely and closely punctured, deeply and very broadly emarginate in front, yellowish towards the sides, anterior angles acute and prominent, sides with a testaceous reflexed margin which is rather broader in front than behind, posterior angles right angles. Scu- tellum rounded posteriorly, more finely and closely punctured than the prothorax. Elytra more than twice as long as the prothorax, very finely and closely punc- tured, sides parallel for about half their length, then gradually rounded to the apex, with a testaceous reflexed margin vanishing posteriorly; each elytron with two rather large yellowish red patches, one before, the other behind the middle. Pygidium concealed. Legs brownish testaceous. Length, 83} mm.; width, 2 mm. This species may be distinguished by its broad head and the large size of the patches on the elytra. It evidently belongs to the group of Prometopia quadri- maculata, Motsch. 178 = Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small TROGOSITIDA. _Narotsa, Pascoe. Narcisa lynceus, n. 8. Oblong, scarcely narrower in front than behind, dark chestnut-brown, covered with broad ashy-grey scales, intermingled here and there with blackish ones. Head embedded within an emargination of the prothorax. Eyes black, the superior pair very large, transversely ovate and approximated above. Antenne reddish brown, club lighter. Prothorax about twice as broad as long, moderately strongly emarginate in front, the sides of the emargination very oblique, with a smooth patch on each side at the base, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles more so, sides strongly arcuate and finely serru- late. Scutellum very small, sides parallel, rounded behind. Elytra three times the length of the head and prothorax together, rather broader at the base than the prothorax, gradually widening for about two-thirds of their length, then gently rounded to the apex, crenate- striate, the alternate interstices with large deep punc- tures placed at irregular intervals, shoulders rectangular, sides straight, with very fine rounded serratures ; each elytron with three chestnut-brown patches formed of deep punctures and scales, the first before the middle on the disc, the second on the margin a little behind the middle, the third still nearer the apex and close to the suture, the three together forming a triangle of which no two sides are equal, with an elongated oblique patch ~ close to the apex. Under side dark brown, with a bronzy tint, rather coarsely rugulose, sparingly covered with ashy-grey scales. Meso- and metasternum less strongly rugulose. Abdominal segments very finely rugulose, thickly covered with fine ashy-grey scales. Legs bronzy, sparsely clothed with smaller scales. Length, 9 mm. ; ereatest width, 4 mm. Of this interesting species, the third and largest of the genus yet described, only a single example was taken. The form of the prothorax and structure of the eyes are very peculiar. In Narcisa decidua, Pascoe, its nearest ally, the superior eyes are not nearly so large nor so close together; the anterior angles of the pro- thorax in N. lynceus are not so prominent nor the sides as strongly serrulate as in the other species; the collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 179 posterior angles of the prothorax are strongly rounded. The sides of the elytra are straight, whereas in N. decidua they are flexuous. The third species, N. bi- maculata, Gestro (Ann. Mus. Genov., xv., p. 59), is from Sumatra, and differs, according to the description, in having only one black patch on each elytron, and the suture somewhat raised. There is no description of the eyes, but it is stated that there is a tuft of scales on the inner orbital margin of each of the superior ones: this tuft exists in both the other species, although in N. lynceus it is very small in comparison with that of N. decidua. Acrops, Dalman. Acrops punctata, Fabr. Appears to be common; the specimens vary from 32 mm. to 6 mm. in length. Ancyrona, Reitter. Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., xx., p. 77 (1876). Ancyrona pryeri, 0. 8. Subrotundate, a little longer than broad, much de- pressed, rather dark dusky brown, moderately closely covered with short, stiff, bristle-like, dirty yellow hairs, which are hooked at the extremity. Head transverse, embedded in an emargination of the prothorax. Antenne brownish testaceous, club rather paler. Prothorax at the base more than three times as broad as long, much narrowed in front, finely and not very closely punctured, more thickly so at the sides, rather strongly emarginate in front, sides of the emargination oblique, anterior angles nearly right angles, slightly blunted, sides gently arcuate and finely margined, the margins very finely serrulate, posterior angles somewhat acute. Scutellum transverse, rounded behind. Elytra about twice as long as the head and prothorax together, crenate-striate, interstices broad, impunctate, and uneven; humeral angles slightly rounded; sides broadly dilated at the base, then gradually less and less dilated to the apex. Under side sordid testaceous. Prosternum impunctate. Abdomen with the penultimate segment rather strongly and not very closely punctured, the last segment concave, 180 Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small less strongly punctured. Tuibie and tarsi pitchy, the tips of the claws black. Length, 44 mm.; width, 3% mm. In form this species resembles the genus Latoleva, Reitter (Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. xx., p. 75), the type of which is the well-known Peltis ovalis, MacLeay, but in the structure of the head and prosternum it agrees best with Ancyrona. LoPHOCATERES, 0. g. Head nearly quadrate. Eyes rather small, lateral, not prominent. Antenne 11-jointed, basal joint large, with the inner angle much produced, 2nd joint short, 8rd rather longer, 4th to 7th transverse and very short, last four forming a gradually elongated club, of which the joints increase in breadth as they approach the apex. Mandibles robust, inner margin straight, the apex slightly incurved. Maxille with both lobes narrow and sharply jointed, the inner much the shorter. Maxillary palpi 8-jointed, the basal very small, the 2nd rather longer, the 8rd longer than the 1st and 2nd together, rounded at the apex. Labium with the anterior margin rounded. Labial palpi 2-jointed, of which the apical is somewhat the longer. Prothorax transversely quadrate, rather strongly margined laterally. Hlytra about the same width as the prothorax, depressed, covering the abdomen, subparallel, with fine coste. Legs short and slender ; tibize armed on their outer margins with short, - sharp spines, the posterior tibize with a row of blunt teeth at the base, slightly projecting over the 1st joint of the tarsus, tibial spurs short; tarsi 5-jointed, the basal very short, the 2nd and 38rd rather longer, the 4th shorter, and the 5th nearly as long as the other four together ; claws simple. The fine but distinct costae on the elytra, the gradual 4-jointed club of the antenne, and the peculiar structure of the posterior tibiw, are characters which will serve at once to distinguish this genus. Its exact position must for the present remain doubtful, although I have no hesitation in referring it to the subfamily Peltine, and it should, I think, be placed near Hronyza, Reitter (Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr., xx. (1876), p. 88), although differing widely from that genus, collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 181 Lophocateres nanus, ni. 8. Elongate, pitchy brown, somewhat shining. Head finely and closely punctured at the base, rather more strongly so in front. Epistoma separated from forehead by a strongly impressed curved line. Prothorax twice as broad as long, flattened above, finely and closely punctured, slightly emarginate in front; sides reflexed, with broad and rather paler margins, posterior angles acute. Scutellum rather large, transverse, rounded posteriorly, extremely finely punctured. Elytra more than twice as long as the head and prothorax together, suture very slightly raised, sides parallel for two-thirds of their length, then gently arcuate to the apex, with narrow reflexed margins; each elytron with six fine cost, parallel and reaching to the apex, of which the 5th is the strongest, the 6th lateral, less distinct ; each costa with a line of fine distinct punctures on each side. Under side pitchy, very sparingly covered with fine yellow pubescence. Prosternum with a few scattered punctures. Mesosternum slightly rugulose. Meta- sternum impunctate. Antenne and legs pitchy. Length, 34 mm.; width, 1+ mm. COLYDIIDA. BotHRIDERES, H’richson. Bothrideres nocturnus, Pascoe. Mr. Pryer obtained two examples of this rare species, in one of which the prothorax is considerably more narrowed behind than in the type, with which I have compared it. This character may possibly prove to be sexual; at any rate it is not sufficient to separate it specifically. CUCUJIDA. Ancistria, Hrichson. Ancistria retusa, Fabr. A single specimen only. 182 = Mr. A. Sidney Olliff’s remarks on a small InopEPLuS, Smith. Inopeplus borneensis, n. 8. Black, shining. Head twice as broad as long, dis- tinctly and closely punctured, with a well-marked longi- tudinal impressed mesial line in front. Antenne with the two basal joints pitchy. Prothorax in front broader than long, strongly and obliquely narrowed behind, dis- tinctly and rather closely punctured, anterior margin slightly produced in the centre, sides gently rounded in front. Scutellum transverse, rounded behind. LElytra piceous, with a brassy tint, as long as the head and prothorax together, at the base not quite as broad as the prothorax, much broader behind, rather coarsely and moderately closely punctured, humeral angles obtuse, sides very finely margined ; apex of each elytron arcuate. Abdominal segments finely and irregularly punctured, sides regularly rounded. Legs pitchy, tarsi paler. Length, 33 mm.; width of abdomen, 13 mm. In the form of the head and prothorax this species agrees best with Inopeplus terminatus, Waterh. (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), iii., p. 214), and in the shape of the elytra and abdomen with J. ephippiatus, Pascoe. It is, however, at once distinguished from either of these species by its unicolorous elytra and less strongly punc- tured head. PLATYCOTYLUS, N. g. Head transverse. Hyes large, lateral, the greater portion being visible from above. Antenne 11-jointed, flattened, gradually thickening towards the apex, basal joint short, 2nd rather shorter and narrower, 8rd a little longer than the ist and thickening towards the apex, 4th to 7th equal in length and somewhat shorter than the 3rd, 8th to 10th shorter and rather broader, apical considerably longer and rounded at the apex. Mandibles short, robust, and simple, with the inner margin slightly sinuate before the apex. Maxille with the inner lobe small, narrow, and rather finely pointed; outer lobe nearly twice as long as the inner, much broader at the apex than at the base; inner margins of both lobes clothed with long bristly hairs. Maxillary palpi 4- jointed, basal joint short and narrow, 2nd much longer and broader at the apex than at the base, 8rd narrower collection of Clavicorn Coleoptera. 183 and but little longer than the basal, 4th nearly as long as the 2nd and pointed at the extremity. Labium small, very slightly emarginate in front, clothed with a few long hairs. Labial palpi 3-jomted, basal very small, 2nd much longer, 8rd a little longer than the 2nd, thicker at the base than at the apex. Prothorax trans- verse, with the anterior angles produced into sharp points, the posterior angles slightly reflexed. Scutellum transverse. Elytra depressed, subparallel, and covering the abdomen, humeral angles obtuse, slightly produced and reflexed. Legs unarmed; male with posterior tarsi 4-jointed, the other tarsi 5-jointed ; claws with a small obtuse tooth in the middle. This genus will come into the subfamily Cucwine, as defined by Erichson, and must be placed near Lemophleus. Platycotylus inusitatus, n. s. Shining black. Head strongly and rather closely punctured. Antenne almost half as long as the entire insect. Prothorax twice as broad as long, slightly con- vex, considerably narrowed behind, margined all round, very finely and moderately closely punctured ; anterior margin scarcely sinuate, the angles acutely produced ; sides rounded and slightly constricted before the base ; posterior margin straight, with a feeble central im- pression, the angles slightly produced and moderately acute. Scutellum transverse, with a few fine irregular punctures. EHlytra reddish brown, the suture black, the sides dusky, about twice the length of the head and prothorax together ; strongly punctate-striate, the inter- stices slightly raised and extremely delicately punctured, moderately broad, the 4th and 5th much narrower, the 6th costiform for two-thirds of its length ; with an elon- gate triangular impression behind the scutellum, sides very gently arcuate, rounded posteriorly. Legs pitchy black. Length, 44 mm.; width, 13 mm. Since writing this description I have received several examples of this species from the 8. Andaman Islands. Psamuacus, Latreille. Psammecus hirsutus, n. 8. Yellowish testaceous. Head