-—e ples; ae rs <2

+Seie Cts OTe gy

Lee dr

J ee

oe: ole ; 7, Fake *g Fake of OGi

se.

Ty = or

ars Fad

we

SHEL?» TaRLT ots oe NN eatet

i £3 pararnend

aed

Lot ete eer ere

a ee

al eel = 2-2. ota,

S

tH uk tise

ott

os

4 os

ay

bo Co iss!

flee tla 742695 Sits Ssateke

ve h—-<=2'9

opis be Westie!

encteseree! = phat,” 5 ed gat ote st - re a2%3° HEDGES Stel Eelete eter: re2

‘

rts

aed) =5;

»

cS y + 21d Mi > ag te?

' ie

es

*

sricees

f

ate ext

frst Ps ote. . ts

jt

teem rr.

erst

“f

£

rt.

» +

Water v ~)

eset = >

.

*

. tikes

3

fete’

seeret

ae sete :

Sts Gi pta

pare be ies wee

et DL DE Note

re,

et i?

Co “+ “0

aie .

pereeaes iC

ears

+ >}

nti me B SAC I. ¢ i ; Nhl) tette ; pietieted siti diktiistinagia dealt: Se te os pieeb tts sabpietatt | ’ : igen eval Er31 51 fT Petang adypctiy vnmfa nate SW fexed gtniedoget eb Mod IR at ett

rf

) a INDIANA UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE

S Fea ° No Exchanszs Or Refunds If This Label ls Removed

AINA U NIVERSITY

Digitized by Google

W. EDSON RICHMOND

Google

Original from

Digitized by Google INDIANA UNIVERSITY

A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF OLD ICELANDIC

Google

Original from

Digitized by Google INDIANA UNIVERSITY

A CONCISE

DICTIONARY

OF

OLD ICELANDIC

BY

GEIR T. ZOEGA

FIRST MASTER IN THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF REYKJAV{K AUTHOR OF AN ENGLISH-ICELANDIC AND ICELANDIC-ENGLISH DICTIONARY

PRL INDIANA UNIVERSITY §=—»-/ 7) LIBRARIES 399 BLOOMINGTON ee | 7

OXFORD Te AT THE CLARENDON PRESS

Google

Oxford University Press, Amen House, London E.C.4

GLASGOW NEW YORK TORONTO MELBOURNE WELLINGTON BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS KARACHI LAHORE DACCA CAPE TOWN SALISBURY NAIROBI IBADAN ACCRA KUALA LUMPUR HONG KONG

FIRST EDITION IQIO REPRINTED 1926, 1942, 1952, 1961, 1965

im:

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN

ne ee a © toa

BEL 1638 Google

PREFACE

WHILE it cannot be said that the study of Icelandic has been neglected in Britain, there can be no doubt that it might with advantage become much more general than it has been. There are several good reasons why it should be so. The Scandinavian influence was the earliest, and one of the strongest, of those outward forces which have gone to the making of modern English, and for the proper investigation and appreciation of this a knowledge of Icelandic is of the first impor- tance. Not only does it supply a linguistic basis for such a study; it is also the source of much of the information necessary for the under- standing of that period of British history. In itself, too, Old Icelandic literature, both in poetry and prose, presents a wealth of interesting material, which in some respects stands unrivalled among the literatures of mediaeval Europe, and without which our knowledge of the ancient North would be the merest shadow of what it is.

This important language and literature first became easily accessible to the English student with the publication (in 1869-74) of the Icelandic Dictionary begun by Richard Cleasby, and completed for the Clarendon Press by Gudbrand Vigfusson. This still remains the fullest record of Icelandic as a whole, although some portions of the older vocabulary have been more fully dealt with in later works. For beginners, how- ever, and for those whose interests chiefly centre in the old Icelandic prose-writings, some more convenient and cheaper work has been greatly needed, and the present volume is intended to supply this want. Inthe main it is founded on the Oxford Dictionary, and has been compiled on the general principle of including all those words which the ordinary student of Icelandic is likely to meet with in the course of his reading. With the exception of the Edda poems, the purely poetic vocabulary has

Google

vi PREFACE

for the most part been omitted, as well as a number of compounds occurring only in legal, theological, or technical works. The line has not been very strictly drawn, however, and in doubtful cases insertion has been preferred to omission, especially where space readily admitted of this course. In the English renderings of the Icelandic words it has usually been possible to follow the larger work, but changes have been freely made wherever they seemed to be required. To make the precise meaning of the word still more evident, a short phrase or sentence has frequently been inserted after the English equivalent, and the student will find the usefulness of these illustrations increase as his knowledge of the language improves. The more difficult examples have been translated, entirely or in part, especially those illustrating the idiomatic uses of common verbs, which even in a concise dictionary must be treated with considerable fullness.

The arrangement of the larger dictionary has on the whole been followed, but a few changes have been introduced. The most important of these are the insertion of genitive compounds in their alphabetical places instead of under the simple word (e.g. a/da-, a/dar- on p. 7 instead of under d/d on p. 528), and the separation of x from @. Although these vowels were confused in Icelandic from an early date, and editions of old texts printed in Iceland usually employ x only, the distinction has much value for etymology and for the study of the other Scandinavian tongues. The vowel ¢ has also been distinguished from 6 (for which many editions use the more original 9), but without separation of the words containing them. In the reflexive forms of verbs the later -s¢ has been used instead of the early -s#; the student must note, however, that in many editions the intermediate -s is employed. For purely philological purposes a different procedure would in some points have been advisable, but the dictionary is intended in the first place to assist in reading the Icelandic sagas as they appear in the most accessible editions.

For the convenience of beginners the tables of declensions and con- jugations, and the lists of irregular forms, are reprinted (with some

Google

PREFACE vii

alterations and corrections) from the ‘Outlines of Grammar’ given in the larger work. A table of irregular verbs is unnecessary, as the con- jugation of these is fully given in the dictionary itself.

For the original suggestion which led to my undertaking this work I am indebted to Dr. W. A. Craigie, Taylorian Lecturer in the Scandi- navian Languages in Oxford, and one of the foremost scholars in both ancient and modern Icelandic. Dr. Craigie has, moreover, revised the whole of the manuscript and proofs, and by doing so has helped con- siderably towards greater exactness in the renderings and correctness in the English. Although it is too much to expect that in a work of this nature all errors and omissions have been avoided, I trust that those which exist may prove to be of a minor character, and that the dictionary as a whole may help to bring about a wider interest in the language and literature of my native country.

REykjavik, March, 1910.

Google

Original from

Digitized by Google INDIANA UNIVERSITY

ICELANDIC DICTIONARY A

&, a negative suffix to verbs, of;

era umakligt, at z¢ zs not unmeet that.

abbadais (pl. -ar), f. addess.

abbast (a5), v. refi. to be angry, to guarrel (a. vid e-n, upp 4 e-n).

abbindi (=afbindi), n. constipation.

adal, n. nature, disposition.

adal-, in compds., chief, head, prin- cipal; -akkeri, n. sheet-anchor; -b0l, n. manor; -borinn, pp. of noble birth, =<déal-borinn; -festr, f. see alads- festr; -fylking, f. the main body of troops, centre; -haf, n. the high sea; -henda, f. = alhenda; -hending, f. full or perfect rhyme, as géd: 616d (opposed to ‘ skothending’); -hendr, a. (verse) with perfect rhymes; -kelda, f. chicf well; -kirkja, f. chief part of @ church, opp. to ‘ forkirkja’; -liga, adv. completely, quite; -merki, n. chief banner; -ritning, f. chief writ- ing; -skaéti, m. the main hall, opp. to ‘forskdli, forhis’; -tré, n. érunk of a tree; -troll, n. downright ogre; -talkr, m. chief spokesman.

avild, f. chief defendantship or pro- secutorship.

avildarmadr, m. =abili.

adili (-ja, -jar, later -a, -ar), m. chief defendant \varnaraoili) or pro- secutor (soknarabili, sakaradili).

af, prep. w.dat. I. Ot place: (1) of, from; G. hijép af hesti sfnum, G. jusp- ed off his horse; ganga af motinu, Zo vo away from the meeting; Flosi kastadi af sér skikkjunni, ¢hrew off his cloak ; Gizzur gekk af Utsudri at gerdinu. from the south-west; hann hat6i leyst af sér skia s{na, he had taken off his shoes; Steinarr vildi slita hann af sér, throw him off; ték Gisli pa af sér vapnin, took off his arms; bréf af Magnisi konungi, a /etler from king Af.; land af landi, from one land to the other; hverr af 6drum, one after

ICEL. DICT.

Google

another, in succession; vilek pd vinnir af pér skuldina, work off the debt; muntu enga sett af mér fa, mo peace at my hand; risa af dauda, fo rise from the dead; vakna af draumi, /o awaken from a dream; \ika upp af hrossi, ¢o open agate from offa horse; vindr std6 af landi, the wind blew from the land; (2) out of; vera tekinn af heimi, fo be taken out of the world; gruflar hén af leknun, she scramdles out of the brook; Otradalr var mjok af vegi, far out of the way. Connected with 4¢; fostudaginn for ut herrinn af borginni, warched out of the town. II. Of time; past, beyond: af bmaga-aldri, able to support oneself, of age; ek em nu af léttasta skeidi, 20 donger in the prime of life; pa er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when seven weeks ofsummmerare past; var mikit af nott, such of the night was past. \U. In_ various other relations: (1) piggja 1i6 af e-m, to receive help from one; hafa umbod af e-m, fo be another's deputy ; vera gé6s (ills) maklegr af e-m, fo deserve good (bad) of one; £6 par lid mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind's men fell there ; pA eru peir utlagir ok af godordi sinu, Aave forfettet their ‘godord’ ; pa skalt pu af allri fyarheimtunni, for- feit all the claim ; ek skal stefna pér af konunni, szsmon thee to give up; (2) off, of; héggva fot, hond, af e-m, to cut off one's foot, hand; vil ek, at pd takir slikt sem pér likar af varningi, whatever you like of the stores; pat l4 forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the point broken off; absol., beit hann hondina af, d:¢ the hand off; fauk af hdfudit, the head flew off; (3) of, among; hinn efniligasti madr af ungum moénnum, fhe most promis- ing of the young men; (4) with; hlada (ferma) skip af e-u, fo load

AFAR

(freight) a ship with; fylla heiminn af sinu kyni, Zo fill the world with his offspring ; (5) of (=ér which is more

[2]

AF-FLYTJA

threats, hign woras ; -brag6,n. para- gon (afbragd annarra manna); in genitive, as a prefix to nouns, szr-

frequent); husit var gert af timbr | passing, excellent (afbragds vzenleikr, stokkum, was built of trunks of trees ;| afbragds ma6r).

(6) fig., eigi vita menn hvat af honum er ordit, what has become of him; hvat hefir pi gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar?; (7) denoting parentage, descent, origin ; ok eru af peim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are descended from them; kominn af Tréjuménnum, descended from the Trojans; (8) dy, of (after passive) ; ek em sendr hingat af Starkadi, sen hither by S.; Astsell af landsménnum, beloved of; (9) on account of, by reason of, by; abygér af frosti ok kulda, de- cause of frost and cold; omiali af 4- verkum, speechless Pas wounds ; af Astseeld hans, dy his popularity; af pvi, therefore ; af hvi, wherefore, why ; af pvf at, decause; (10) dy means of, éy; framfcera e-n af verkum sfnum, by means of his own labour; af sinu {é, by one’s own means; absol., hann fekk af hina mestu scemd, derived great honour from it; (11) with ad- jectives, zz regard to; mildr af fé, liberal of money; g66r af gridum, merciful; fastr af drykk, close (stingy) in regard to drink; (12) used absol. with a verb, of, away; hann bad hann pd réa af fjérdinn, Zo row the Sirth off; ok er peir héfdu af fjérdung, when they had covered one fourth of the way; sofa af nottina, fo sleep the night away.

afar, adv., used as an intensive be- fore an adj. or another adv., very, exceedingly (a. audigr, a. breidr, a. vel, a. illa).

afarkosta-laust, adv. on fair terms.

afar-kostr, m. hard terms; -ligr, a. immense, huge; -menni, n. an outstanding man; -ord, n. overbear- ing word; -aSigr, a. overbearing ; -yri, n. pl. proud speech.

af-audit, pp. n., e-m verdr afaudit um e-t, ove has bad luck (fatls) in a thing; -blémga (a5), v. to deprive of flowers ; fig., afbl6mga fregd e-s, Zo detract from one’s fame; -bod, n.

Google

afbragOligr, a. surpassing.

af-brig6, n. deviation, transgression.

afbrigSar-tré, n. tree of transgres- sion.

af-brigSi, n. (1) alteration; (2) = -brigd; -brot, n. offence, transgression; -brug6ning, f. deviation ; -bradigr, a. jealous; -brySa (-dda. -ddr), v. to be jealous; -brySi, n. jealousy.

afburdéar, gen. from ‘afburdr’, used as an intensive before adjectives and adverbs, very, exceedingly (a. digr, a. veenn, a, sterkliga, a. vel).

afburdar-madr, m. man of mark; -samr, a. given to distinguish one- self; -skip, n. first-rate ship.

af-buror, m. superiority ; kvad hon- um eigi annat venna til afburdar, fo gel the better of it; ok vilda ek, at hoén yri eigi med minnum afburdum, less glorious; -dalr, m. a@ remote, an out-of-the-way, valley; -deilingr, m. part, portion, share; -drattr, m. (1) diminution, deduction; (2) subtrac- tion; -drif, n. pl. destiny, fate (likligr til stérra afdrifa); -drykkja, f.= ofdrykkja; -doema (-da, -dr), v. (1) lo take away from one by judicial decision (afdoema e-n e-u); (2) fo prohibit; -eggja (a3), v. to dissuade; -eigna (ad), v. Zo dispossess (afeigna e-m e-t); -eista (ad), v. fo castrate ; -erfa (-Sa, -dr), v. fo disinherit; -eyringr, m. one whose ears have been cut off; -fall, n. diminution, abate- ment; selja e-t med affdllum, Zo sel/ at a discount.

affara-, gen. pl. from ‘affor’, defar- ture; hence affara-dagr, m. the /ast day of a feast; -dagr jdla, Twelfth -night; affara-kveld, n. the last evening ofa feast.

af-fedrast (a3), v. fo degenerate; -ferma (-da, -dr), v. 7o unload (af: ferma skip); -fletta (-tta, -ttr), v. Zo strip (affletta e-n e-u); -flutningr, m. (1) depreciation; (2) dissuasion ; -flytja (see flytja), v. (1) ¢o disparage

AF-FQIRA

(afflytja fyrir e-m); (2) fo represent as unadvuisable ; -foera, v. to misre- present; -gamall, a. very old, de- crepit; -ganga, f. (1) digression; (2) deviation from the right course (af- ganga gués laga); -gangr, m. (1) surplus; hafa hey med afgéngum, fo Spare; afgangs, left over, remaining ; (2) decease, death; -gelja, f. chatter- ing; -gipt, f. indulgence, absolution. afgiptar-bréf, n. letter of indulgence. af-gjarn, a. eager fo be off (afgjarnt er Ofundarfé) ; -gjdf, f. ¢ridute ; -glapa (ad), v. to disturb an assembly or public meeting; -glapan, f. distur- bance (pings afglapan); -glapi, m. /oo/, simpleton ; -greisla, f. payment, con- tribution, afgongu-dagr, m.=affara-dagr. af-g¢gra (-Sa, -dr), v. to do amiss, do wrong (ek hefi engan hlut afg¢grt vid pik) ; -g¢r9, f. transgression, offence ; challr, a. having a downward slope ; -haugr, m. side-mound; -hefS, f. withholdinganother s property; -helg- ast (ad), v. refl. to become unholy, to be profaned; -hellir, m. side-cave ;

[3]

AFLA-STUN

v. to cut off the hair; -héfSa (ad), v. to behead; -hogg, n. hewing off, muti- lation; chippings.

afi, m. (1) grandfather; (2) man; a. eptir afa, in regular descent.

af-kaup, n. dad bargain (opp. to ‘hagkeypi’).

af-karr, a. strange, prodigious.

afkleyfis-ord, n., -samstafa, f. a superfluous word, syllable (in a verse).

af-kleda (-dda, -ddr), v. toundress ; refl,, afkledast, 4o undress oneself ; -komandi (pl. -endr), m. descendants -kvistr, m. /ateral branch, offshoot ; -kvemi, n. offspring.

afkvemis-madr, m. descendant.

af-kynjadr, pp. degenerate; -kyn- jast (a5), v. refl. fo 5 ante

afl, m. hearth of a forge.

afl, n. (1) Dhysical strength (ramr, styrkr, at afli); (2) force, violence ; taka me afli, dy force; (3) plurality of votes, majority; ok skal afl r4da, the majority shall decide ; (4) virtue, inherent power; a. dauOfoerandi grasa, the virtue of potsonous herbs.

afla (a3), v. fo gain, earn, procure

-henda (-nda, -ndr), v. (1) fo hand | (a. e-m e-s); a. sér fjdr ok frama, Zo

over; (2) to pay (afhenda skuld).; -hendis, adv. off one’s hand; -hendr, a. out of one's hand; segja e-n (sér) afhendan, ¢o give one up; -hent, an. unjit (e-m er e-t afhent); -heyrandi, pr. p. out of hearing, absent, opp. to ‘dheyrandi’; -heyris, adv. out of hear- ing, opp. to ‘ aheyris’; -hlaup, n. szr- plus: -hlutr, m. share of a thing; -hlySast (-dd), v. refl. to disobey ; -hrapi, m. impoverishment; -hrod, n. damage, loss; gjalda mikit afhrod, fo sustain a heavy loss; gera mikit afhrod, fo make great havoc; -huga, a. indecl. having turned one’s mind from; verda afhuga e-u, ¢o mind no more; -huga6r, a.=-huga (-hugadr vid e-t); -hugast (ad), v. refl. to put out of one’s mind, with dat.; -hus,n. outhouse, side-apartment; -hvarf, n. deviation from the direct path (opp. to ‘gagnvegr’); -hyda (-dda, -ddr), v. to scourge thoroughly; -hylja (see hylja), v. fo uncover; -hyrning, f. by-corner, recess ; -hera (-da, -Sr),

Google

earn fame and wealth; afladi pessi bardagi honum mikillar fraegdar, brought him great Pht (2) with acc., ¢o earn (afladi hann par fé mikit); refl., e-m aflast e-t, ome gains a thing; (3) with dat., to perform, accomplish (hann afladi brdtt mikilli vinnu); with infin., fo de able Set aflar hann pvf at standa { méti ydur). afla-far, a. short of strength; e-m verdr afla-fatt, one fails in strength. aflag, n. (1) slaughtering of cattle ; (2) gen., aflags=afgangs, Jeff over. af-laga, adv. unlawfully; -lagliga, adv. =aflaga.

afla-litill, a. deficient in strength, weak; -mabdr, m. powerful man; -mikill, a. (1) strong; (2) powerful ; -munr, m. odds; etja vid -muninn, to fight against odds.

aflan, f. gain, acquisition. aflanar-maor, m. good steward. afla-skortr, m. short-coming in power or strength; -stund, f. fishing- SEASON.

AF-LAUSN

[4]

AFREKS-MADR

af-lausn, f. (1) discharge (release) | from (ek kved aflima ordnar pérd{sir) ;

Jrom claim or obligation; (2) absolu- tion, indulgence (aflausn synda) ; -ldt, n. (1) leaving off, relinquishing (afldt synda, misverka); dn afldti, incessantly; (2) remission, pardon (afldt misgerninga, synda); -léta (see l&ta), v. with infin. fo cease; -leggja (see leggja), v. (1) to put aside; (2) fo give up, abandon; -leiding, f. (1) ferms ; gddar afleiding- ar eru med peim, ¢hey are on good terms; (2) metric., continuation; -leiSingr, m, = afleiding (1); peir skildu gddan afleiding, they parted on friendly terms; -leidis, adv. (1) out of the right path or course (sigla afleidis) ; (2) fig., ganga afleidis, fo vo astray; sna (draga, foera) e-t afleidis, to pervert, misrepresent (pt foerdir ord peirra afleidis); snia e-m afleidis, fo lead astray; -leifar, f. pl. leavings, remnants ; -leitinn, a. of odd appear- ance; -leitliga, adv. perversely (illa ok afleitliga); -leitligr, a. Zerverse, deformed; -leitr, a. (1) strange, hideous, disgusting (hversu afleitir oss synast peirra hettir); (2) with dat., deserted by ; afleitr hamingjunni, luckless; -lendis, adv. abroad ( = erlendis); -lendr, a. far from land, in open sea; -letja (see letja), v. Zo dissuade from (afletja e-n at gera et, afletja e-t fyrir sér) ; -létta (-tta, -tt), v. fo cease; cf. létta af; -léttr, a. prompt, ready.

afl-fatt, a. n. short of strength ; e-m verOr -fatt, ce fails in strength.

afi-grof, f. forge-pit; -hella, f. hearth-stone in a forge.

afli, m. (1) means, gain, earnings, proceeds (afli ok herfang); (2) mzghdé, power; hafa aia til einskis, to Aave means for nothing, be unable to do anything; (3) troops, forces; peir draga afla at ydur, they gather forces against you; aflinn (the main body) Magntss konungs flydi allr.

af-lima (a5), v. £0 dismember, muti- fate; -lima, a. indecl.(1) dismembered, mutilated; (2) fig.,verda aflima, fo lose the use of one’s limbs, to become para- lysed ; (3) veréae-maflima, tobeparted

Google

-liman, f. dismembering, mutilation.

afl-lauss,a. nerveless,weak; palsied, paralytic; -leysi, n. weakness, nerve- lessness; -litill, a. weak, feeble; -mikill, a. strong, of great strength.

af-lofa (ad), v. 40 prohibit; -loka (a8), v. 0 open (afloka hurdina).

afl-raun, f. ¢rial (proof) of strength (pétti betta mikil -raun); pl. dodz/y exercises (Skallagrfmr hendi mikit gaman at -raunum okleikum); -skortr, m. lack of strength (ekki vard mér -skortr vid pik fyrrum).

afis-maor, m. strong man; -munr, m. difference in strength, odds.

afl-vani, a. deficient in strength; verda afl-vani, fo succumb, be over- powered.

afl-voOvi, m. the biceps muscle.

af-logliga, adv. unlawfully; -loge- ligr, a. unlawful, contrary to law; -m& (see m4), v. fo Slot out, destroy ; -mosora (ad), v. fo wean; -nam, n. (1) faking away, extirpation, de- struction, (2) at afndmi, dy reservation (before division of property, spoil, or inheritance) ; (3) Zoss (ef hann ve:dr at skada peim ménnum, er oss mun pykkja afndm i) ; (4) surplus.

afndms-f6, n., -gripr, m. goods, an article of value, taken before a divi- sion; cf. afndm (2).

af-nefjadr, pp. having the nose cut off, noseless; -neita (a6 or -tta, -tt), v. (1) fo renounce (afneita verdldinn)) ; (2) deny, refuse (eigi vil ek pvi afneita); -neitan, -neiting, f. abnegation, re- nunciatton, dental; -neyzla, f. use (afneyzla skégarins) ; -nita (-tta, -tt), v.= -neita.

afr, m. some kind of beverage.

af-rad, n. payment; gijalda afr4d, Zo pay heavily, suffer severely.

af-reid, f. setting off on horseback.

af-reizla, f. outlay, payment.

af-rek, n. great achievement, deed of prowess (vinna afrek; margir lofu6u mjok afrek Egils).

af-reka a6), v. 4o achieve, perform (munu pér mikit afreka).

afreks-gripr, m. a thing of great value; -madr, mn. a valiant man, hero;

AFREKS-VERE

afreks-verk, n. valiant deed, great achievement, exploit.

af-remma, f. restriction, encuim- brance.

afrendi, f. strength, valour; afrendr, a. strong (a. at afli); cf. afr-hendr.

at-rétt, f. common pasture, =af-réttr.

afréttar-démr, m. a court held for deciding causes concerning common pasture; -menn, m. pl. partners in common pasture.

af-réttr, m. common pasture (pat er afréttr, er tveir menn eigo saman eda fleiri).

afr-hendr, a. strong, =afrendr.

af-rod, n. = afhrod, afr45; -rdg, n. justification, excuse; -ruSningr, m. clearing off, defence; -runr (pl. -ir), mM. tnjury, wrong ; -roekja (-ta, -tr), v. to neglect,= Groekja (afreekja bod e-s); refl , afroekjast e-u or e-t, fo neglect ; to leave off (konungar afrcektust at siya at Uppsdlum); -saka (ad), v. to excuse, exculpate; -sakan, f. eacuse, exculpation ; -sanna (ad), v. fo prove to be false, refute; -segja (see segja), v. (1) fo resign, renounce (afsag6i hann sér heiminn); (2) ¢o refuse, deny (peir afségdéu leidangr uti at hafa); -setning, f. defosition; -siSa, a. indecl. immoral; -sifja (ad), v. to alienate from one’s family (afsifja sér e-t) ; -sida, adv. aside, apart; -skapligr, a. monstrous, huge, shocking (afskap- ligt Afelli); -skei€is, adv. out of the right path, astray,=afleibis, afvegis ; -skipan, f. dismissal, deposition ; -skipta, a. indecl. wronged, cheated; vera gorr afskipta, fo de wronged.

af-kipta-lauss, a. having nothing to do with (gera sér -laust vid e-n); -litill, a. caring little about (um e-t) ; -samr, a. =afskiptinn. |

af-skipti, n. pl. cealings (with), intercourse (ok engi afskipti veita heidnum godéum); -skiptinn, meddlesome ; -skiptr, pp. (1) wronged, cheated ; (2) afskiptr af e-u, void of, having no interest in; -skramligr, a. hideous, monstrous (afskrdmligt ill- virki) ; -skremiliga, adv. hideously; éttast afskremiliga fo be scared at; -ekurdr, m. cutting off; -skyld, f.

Google

[5]

AF-VALDR

obligation, encumbrance; -slidra (ad), v. to unsheath; -smekkr, m. faste; -snid, n. a dit cut off, snip; -sniSning, f. cutting or snipping off. afsnidningar-jarn, n. chopper. af-snidSis, adv. obliguely, aslant (afsnidis um handlegginn) ; -spraki, Mm. rumour, news; -springi, n. (1) offspring, progeny; (2) produce (growth) of the earth; -springr, m. a = -springi; (2) dand, detachment ; 3) fig. offshoot (er mikil van, at par veri ndkkur afspringr af pbessum Ofridi) ; (4) rumour, notice (f4 ndkkurn afspring um e-t); -spurn, f. news, information ; -standa (see standa), v. to cede, part with; -stigr, m. dy- path ; -stuka, f. side-nook, side-room ; -styrmi, n. manikin, p'giny; -svar, n. refusal; veita e-u afsvor, Zo refuse, deny; -svara (a6), v. fo deny, refuse (afsvara e-u ov um e-t) ; -sveipa (ad), v. to uncover (afsveipa lfkit) ; -sviptr, pp. deprived of; afsviptr pinni Asjonu, cut off from thy countenance; -synis, adv. out of sight; -sell, a. unfor- tunate, luckless. af-tak, n.(1) ¢aking away; (2) slay- ing, manslaughter; hvat hann vildi bjoda fyrir aftak Geirsteins, for the slaying of G.; -taka, f. (1) ‘aking away, loss ; (2) slaying, =aftak (hann haf verit at aftoku porkels féstra). aftaka-ma6r, m. a determined per- son (-madr um e-t); -minni, a. com- par. dess stubborn, more pliable. af-tekja, f. revenue (AbU6 ok aftekja sta$anna); -tekning, f. aking away ; -tekt, f. (1) =aftekja; (2) =aftak 2; -telja (see telja), v. fo represent as unadvisable, dissuade (aftelja e-t fyrir e-m);-tigna (a9), v. fo strip of dignity or honour; -truaa, f. unbelief, heresy ; -triia (ad), v. to make one abandon his religious faith; refl., aftruast, to

a. | fall into unbelief; -toekiligr, a. advis-

able; -toekr, a. dlameworthy (at fatt muni vera aftoekt um skapsmuni y5ra) ; -toema (-da, -dr), v. fo empty ; refl., aftoemast, to be emptied or cleared of (e-u). afusa, f. gratitude; see ‘ aufusa”. af-valdr, a. vera afvaldr e-u or e-s,

AF-VEGA

to be the cause of athing ; -vega, adv. out of the right way, astray ; -vegaor, pp. ded astray, misled ; -vegar, -vegis, adv.= -vega ; -velta, a. indecl. fad/en on the back and unable to rise; -vensla, f. expenses, outlay; -vik, n. creek, recess; -vinna, f. = afvensla.

af-virda (-rda, -rdr), v. (1) ¢o dis- grace, dishonour (afvirda ndunga sinn); afvirda fyrir e-m, fo throw a slur on one; (2) to detest, abhor (afvirda 6dddirnar) ; refl.,afvirdast, fo chink tt unworthy of oneself, with infin.

afvirGiligr, a. detestable, mean.

af-viréing, f. disparagement, de- preciation ; -venn, a. unexpected, = tivzenn ; -v6xtr, m. cecrease, loss, opp. to ‘Avoxtr’.

af-pokka (a5), v. fo disparage, dis- credit, to bring into discredit (afpokka fyrir e-m); refl., afpokkast e-m, /o displease ; -pokkan, f. (1) dtsparage- ment; (2) displeasure, dislike; -pvattr, m. washing off, ablution; -py%a (-dda, -ddr), v.=afviréda, afpokka; -eta, f.a great bully.

aga, v. impers., nu agir vid, now there ts a great uproar.

aga-lauss, a. (1) /ree from distur- dances (var niu allt kyrt ok agalaust) ; (2) uapunished; -samligr, a. unruly ; -samr, a. /urbulent; agasamt mun pa verda { heradinu, ef, there will be up- roar tn the district, tf.

agi, m. (1) awe, f¢error (pa skelfr jord ll { aga miklum); (2) wproar, turbulence (a. ok Ufridr); (3) dés- ctpline, constraint.

agn, n. dazt; ganga 4 agnit, fo nibble the batt; -sax, n. a knife for cutting bait; -or, f. barb of a fish- hook.

aka (ek, 6k, 6kum, ekinn), v. (1) to drive (a vehicle or animal draw- ing a vehicle), with dat.: gott er heilum vagni heim at a., z¢ zs good to get home safe and sound ; a. prennum eykjum, with three yoke of horses ; (2) fo carry or convey in a vehicle, ¢o cart, with dat. or acc. (hann 6k heyjum sfnum 4 yxnum: hann 6k skarni 4 hdla); a. saman hey, Zo cart

[6]

AKR-KAL

in a sledge; (3) with the prep. f or 4; Freyr 6k { kerru me6 gelti; rfdr P, hesti beim, er hann hafdi ekit 4; (4) absol., fo drive in a vehicle (foru peir { sledann ok dku alla néttina) ; with acc. of the road (éku wurgar brautir) ; (5) naut., fo frtm the sail (a. seglum at endiléngum skipum) ; (6) fo remove, with dat.; 6k hann af sér fjotrinum, worked tt off by rubbing ; ok Oddr sér par at, worked himself thither (of a fettered prisoner) ; a.e-m 4 bug or a. bug d4e-n, fo make one give way, repel; intrans.=akast, fo move slowly; hvarrgi 6k (gave way) fvrir ddrum; a. undan, fo retire, retreat; (7) impers., hart ekr at e-m, one is in great straits; ekr ni mjok at, J am hard pressed; e-m verdr ner ekit, one gets into straits, is hard pressed; refi., e-m ekst e-t { tauma, one ts thwarted in a thing.

akarn, n. acorn.

ak-braut, f. carriage-road ; -foeri, n. driving gear, carriage and harness.

akkeri, n. axchor ; liggja um akkeri, to lie at anchor; \eggjast um a., Zo cast anchor; heimta upp a., fo weigh anchor; a. hrifr vid, the anchor holds.

akkeris-fleinn, m. /uke of an anchor; -lauss, a. without anchor; -leggr, m. shank of an anchor; -legi, n. anchorage; -sat, f.—-legi; -stokkr, m. anchor-stock; -strengr, m. anchor-rope, cable; -seti, n.= “sat. :

akr (gen. akrs, pl. akrar), m. (1) field, corn-field (bleikir akrar en slegin tin) ; (2) crop (peir hofdu nidr- brotit akra hans alla).

akra-Advoxtr, m. produce of the fields; -gerSi, n. enclosure of arable land; -merki, n. feld-boundary; -skipti, n. parcelling out of fields; -spillir, m. destroyer of fields.

akr-déi,m.akindofweed(galeopsis) ; -deili, n. Datch of arable land; -for, f. plough-furrow; -gerd, f. agri- culture.

akrgerdar-maor, m. Ausbandman.

akr-gerOi, n. enclosure of arable land; -hena, f. guail; -karl, m.

Aay; likin varu ekin { sleéa, carried | ploughman, reaper; -kAl,n. potherds;

Google

AKR-KViSL

-kvisl, f. dung-fork, = mykikvisl; -land, n. arable land; -lengd, f{. 2 field's length (sv4 at akrlengd var { millum peirra); -lykkja, a ea -madr, m.=-karl, akrgerdarmadr.

akrplogs-mabr, m. ploughman.,

akr-rein, f. strip of arable land; -skipti,n. division of afield; -skurSr, m. a tle.

akrskur6ar-madr, m. reager.

akr-sura, f. field-sorrel; -tiund, f. tithe paid on arable land; -ver%, n. price of a corn-field; -verk, feld- work, harvest-work.

akrverks-maor, m. Ausbandman ; tiller of the ground.

akta (a6), v. (1) fo number, tax, value (a. folkit, a. visaeyri konungs) ; (2) to examine, search into (aktid pér ok dll leyni pau, er hann ma felast) ; (3) to devote attention to, to study (a. ymisligar {préttir, békligar listir) ; (4) fo procure (a. pa hluti er hinum sjika henta); a. e-t inn, Zo furnish, supply; (§) to debate, discuss in parlia- ment (nai sem petta var aktat, gengu menn til légréttu).

ak-tamr, a. fame under the yoke (gridungr -tamr) ; -taumr, m. esp. in pl. aktaumar, draces (straps) of a sail (cf. aka segli) ; Pérarinn haf6i -taum- ana um herdar sér, had the braces round his shoulders; sitja { -taumum, to manage the sail; fig., to have the whole management of a thing.

ala (el, 61, dlum, alinn), v. (1) ¢o beget; born dlu pau, they begat chil- dren; born pau, er hann elr vid beirri konu, degets by that woman, (2) to bear, give birth to (péra 61 barn um sumarit); bérn pau Gll, er alin eru fyrir j6l, who are born before Christ- mas; alnir ok dalnir (= dbornir), dorn and unborn, present and future gene- vations; (3) to bring up (children) ; ala skal barn hvert er borit verdér, every child that ts born shall be brought up; adding the particle ‘upp’; skal eigi upp ala, heldr ut bera barn betta, fhis child shall not be brought up, but be exposed to perish; of animals, fo rear, breed (einn smdsaud, er hann 61 heima {

Google

[7)

ALDAR-POPTI

hisi sfnu); (4) 40 géve food to, har- bour, entertain (a, gest ok ganganda) ;: gud elr gesti, God pays for the guests; (5) fig. in various phrases; a. aldr, a. aldr sinn, fo pass one’s days; a. sit, to grieve, mourn (= sta); a. nn of e-t or at e-u, to take care of, see to; a. e-t eptir e-m, fo give one encourage- ment in a thing (61 hann eptir engum ménnum édd46ir); a. 4 mal, to press or urge a matter (ni elr Gunnarr 4 mAlit vid Pdrd ok segir). alads-festr, f. the last ounce (eyrir) of the sum ‘fjérbaugr’ to be paid by a convict in the Court of Execution, al-audn, f. ¢otal devastation; -audr, a. altogether waste; -bata, a, indecl. completely cured, quite well; -berr, a. (1) guite bare, stark-naked; (2) manifest; -bitinn, pp. ditten all over; -bjartr, a. guite bright, brilliant; -blindr, a. stone-blind ; -bl6Sugr, a. bloody ali over; -breiSr, a. of the full breadth (albreitt lérept) ; -brotinn, pp. quite broken, shattered; -brynjaér, pp. cased in matl; -bia (see bia), v. to fit out, furnish or equip completely (albta kirkju) ; -biinn, pp. (1) com- pletely equipped (ok er Bjorn var albdinn ok byrr rann 4); (2) albdinn e-s, at gera e-t, guile ready (willing) to do a thing; -bygSr, pp. com- pletely inhabited; at albygéu landi, after the colonization was finished. alda, f. a heavy (swelling) wave, a roller, alda, gen. pl. of ‘dld’. aldafars-bok, f. = De Ratione Tem- porum, a work by Bede (sva4 segir heilagr Beda { -bék peirri, er hann ger6i um landaskipan { heiminum). alda-m6t, n. pl. the meeting of two (lunar) cycles, change of cycles. aldar, gen. sing. of ‘éld’. aldar-eOli, n. everlasting possession (at -edli); -fadir, m. patriarch; -far, n. Spirit or manners of the age; -mal, n. tenure for life; -menn, m. pl., hinir fyrstu -menn varir, our first ancestors ; -rof, n. end of ages; -rog, n. strife of men; -tal, n. age (gamall at -tall); -trygdir, f. pl. everlasting truce; -popti, m. = aldavinr.

ALDA-SKIPTI

alda-skipti, n. change of time; -tal,

[8]

AL-GODR

verra en aldri fyrr, worse than ever

n. (1) chronology; (2) computation of \ before.

time (by the various chronological cycles).

al-dauda, a. indecl. dead and gone, extinct (eptir dauda Haralds var aldauda hin forna ett Danakonunga) ; aldauéa arfr, inheritance to which there is no heir alive.

alda-vinr, m. o/d, trusty friend.

aldin, n. free-fruit (nuts, acorns, apples) ; fig., blezat sé a. kvidar pins, the fruit of thy womb.

aldin-berandi, pr. p. dearing fruit.

aldin-falda, a. indecl. wearing an old-fashioned head-dress.

aldin-garér, m. garden, orchard.

aldini, n. = aldin.

aldin-lauss, a. bearing no fruit (-laust tré).

aldinn, a. o/d (inn aldni jétunn).

aldin-skégr, m. wood of frutt-trees ; stré, n. fruit-tree; -vidr, m. /ruzt- bearing trees.

aldr (gen. aldrs), m. (1) age, life- time; sautjdn vetra at aldri, seventeen years of age; ungr at aldri, young; a ungum aldri, zm (one’s) youth; 4 gam- als aldri, 2% (one’s) old age; hniginn at aldri, tn the decline of life; hnig- inn 4 efra aldr, stricken in years; 4 Iéttasta aldri, zz the prime of li/e; lifa langan aldr, fo enjoy a long life ; nema, rena e-n aldri, fo fake one’s life; tyna (slita) aldri, to dose one's life; (2) old age; vera vib a., to be up in years; aldri farinn or orpinn, very old; (3) long period, age (eptir marza vetr ok mikinn a,); allan a. through all time, always; of a.,um a. (ok exh), jor ever and ever, after a negation, ever (pvilfka gersemi hdfum vér eigi sét um a.); hverr um a. var sv4 djarfr, who ever was so bold ?

aldradr, a. elderly (6ldrud kona).

aldr-dagar, m. pl., um -daga, for ever and ever (= um aldr); -fremd, f. everlasting honour.

aldri, adv. (1) mever (a. skal ek hedan ganga fyrr en hann riss upp); (2) ever, after a preceding negative or a comparative (er nu grveent at vér munum a. f4 dyr skotit); geréu pd

Google

aldrigi (aldri-gi, dat. of aldr with the negative suffix -gi), adv.= aldri.

aldr-lag, n. (1) one’s appointed lot or fortune, destiny; (2) end of life, death; verda e-m at -lagi, fo bring one lo his end.

aldr-lok, n. pl. end of life, death; -maéli, m. /enure for life; -nari, m. poet. name of fe; -rdanar, f. pl. life-runes, charms for preserving life ; -sattr, a. on terms of peace for ever ; -slit, n. pl. end of life. death (til -slita).

aldrs-munr, m. difference in years.

aldr-stamr, a. fey, doomed to reath ; -tili, m. loss of life, death; -tjén, n. loss of life; -tregi, m. life-long sor- row.

ald-roenn, a. elderly, aged.

aldyggiligr, -dyggr, a. faithful; -deli, a. very easy to deal with, gentle.

aleiga, f. one’s entire property; al- eigu-mAl, n., -36k, f. a suit involving a person's whole property.

al-eySa (-dda, -ddr), v. ¢o day dotally waste, devastate; -eyéa, f. devasta- tion; gera aleyOu, fo turn into a wil- derness; -eya, a. indecl. a/together waste, eniply, void of people par var aley6a at m6nnum); hann brennir ok gerir aleyda landit, makes the land an ulter waste.

al-fari, a. fara (rida { brott) al-fari, ¢o go away (ride off) for good; -farinn, pp. worn out, far gone; -feginn, a. very glad; -frjals,a.guite free; -frodr, a. very wise; -fullr, a. guite full; -fainn, a. guile rotten; -foSr, m. Sather of all (name of Odin); -gangsa, a. indecl. guzte common; -geldr, a. guite gel ed; -gera (-Oa, -Sr), v. fo jinish, make perfect,

alger-leikr, m. perfection; -liga, adv. completely, fully; -ligleikr, m. = -leikr.

al-gerr, a. perfect, contplete ; finish- ed; -gervi, f. (1) perfection; (2) full attire; -gildi, n. full value.

algildis-vitni, n. competent witness.

al-gjafta, a. indecl. stad/-fed ; -gley- mingr, m. great glee; sla 4 algleym- ing, Zo become very merry; -g0Or, a.

AL-GRAR

perfectly good; -grar, a. quite grey ; -gréinn, pp. perfectly healed; -groenn, a. quite green ; -gullinn, a. a//-golden; -geoft, adv. fully. al-g¢éra—al-g¢rvi, see algera, &c. al-heidinn, a. utterly heathen ; -hei- lagr, a. all-holy; -heill, a. (1) com-

[9]

ALL-GAMALL

all- may be prefixed to almast every adjective and adverb in an intensive sense, very, extremely; -annt, a. n. very eager ;-apr, a. very harsh; -aud- sottligr, a. very easy to accomplish ; -audveldliga, adv. very easily ; -aud- veldr, a. very easy; -Agetr, a. very

pletely whole, entire; (2) perfectly | famous; -éhyggjusamliga, adv. very

healthy (alheill at likam); -heilsa, f. perfect health; -henda, f. a metre having two pairs of rhyming words tn every line; -hending, f.= -henda ; -hendr, a. with full rhyme in every Zine (tvau kvzx6i alhend); -hreinn, a. guite pure, clean; -huga, a. indecl. whole-hearted,in full earnest; -hugat, pp. n. resolved, fully determined; ef pér er pat alhugat, z/ you are in real earnest; adv. in.earnest, sincerely (idrast alhugat); -hugi, m. earnest ; petta er alhugi minn, J am in real earnest; -hugligr, a. sincere; -hung- radr, a. starving, famished; -hisa (ad), v. fo build fully ; -hvitr, a. quite white; -hysa (-ta, -tr), v. = -husa; alhyst, with al/ the buildings finished; ehysi, n. all the farm-buildings ; -hoegr, a. guite easy, smooth (alhoegt tungubrag6).

ali-bjorn, m. fame bear; -d¥r,n. d9- mestic animal; -fiskr, m. fish fatiened in a pond ; -fugl, m. fame fowl; -gas, f. fame goose.

alin (gen. sing. alnar or alnar; pl. alnar or Alnir), f.=6In; (1) the old Icelandic eé// (about half a yard); (2) unit of value, an ell of woollen stuff a. vadmais', =onesixth ofanounce(eyrir).

ali-sauor, m. home-fed ( pet) sheep; -8vin, n. fame swine.

al-jafn, a. guite cgual; -jarnadr, pp. shod on all four feet ; -keyptr, pp. dearly bought, ={ullkeyptr; -kled- nabr, mn. a full suit of clothes ; -krist- inn, a. entirely Christian; -krist- nadr, pp. completely christianized ; -kunna, a. indecl. (1) universally known, notorious (sem alkunna er orbit); (2) fully informed; wumnz al- kunna, until [ know the whole; -kunnigr, a., -kunnr, a. olortous ; ekyrra, a. indecl. completely calm, tranquil.

Google

anxiously ; -ékafliga, adv. with much ardour; -&kaf', adv. very fast (rida -Akaft); -drediliga, adv. very appo- sitely; -Are@dislitill, a. very timid; -Astudligr, a. very hearty, intimate; -beinn, a. very hospitable; -beiskr, a. very harsh, bitter; -bitr, a, very sharp; -bjartr, a. very bright, splen- did; -bjugr, a. very much bent; -blidliga, adv. very kindly; -blidr, a. very mild, gentle; -bradgérr, a. very precocious; -vrosligr, a. very laughable, funny; -digr, a. very big; -djarfliga, adv. very duldly; -dreng- iliga, adv. very gallantly ; -dremt, adv, very boastfully ; -dyrr, a. very dear; -eigulegr, a. very precious ; -einardliga, adv. very frankly, sin- cerely; -eldiligr, a. of a very aged appearance; -fagr, a. very bright, fair; -fast, adv. very firmly; drekka -fast, fo drink very hard; -fastor6r, a. very true to one’s word; -famAaligr, a. of very few words; -famenny, a. Jollowed or attended by very few per- sons; -fareSinn, a. very chary of words ; -feginn, a. very glad; -fegin- samliga. adv. very gladly ; -feigligr, a. having the mark of death plain on one’s face; -feitr, a. very fat; -fé- mikill, a. very costly; -fjarri, adv. very far, far from; -jartekit, pp. n. very far-fetched; -fj-lkunnigr, a. very deeply versed tn sorcery; -fj-l- mennr, a. followed or attended by very many people; in very great num- bers; -fjolrostt, pp. n. very much talked of; -forsjall, a. very prudent ; -frekr, a. very d:ring; -f:idr, a. very beautiful; -froSr, a. very learned; -fregr, a. very famous; -fass, a. very eager; -fysiligr, a. very destrable.

All-f6dr, m. father of all (a name of Odin).

all-gamall, a. very of; -gemsmik-

ALL-GERLA

ill, a. very wanton; -gerla, adv. very clearly, precisely; -gerviligr, a. very manly; -gestrisinn, a. very hospitable, -geysiligr, a. very im- petuous; -glaSliga, adv. very joy- fully; -gladr, a. very joyful; -glatt, adv. very bright (\jos brann -glatt) ; -gleymr, a. very gleeful, in high spirits (verda -gleymr vi6 e-t) ; -gles- iligr, a.very shiny, splendid ; -glgge- seer, a. clearly visible, very trans- parent; -gl¢egt, adv. very precisely (vita e-t -glaggt) ; -gddr, a. very good ; -goSveenliga, adv. very promisingly ; -grimmr, a. very cruel or fierce; -grunsamliga, adv. very suspiciously, -ggrla, adv.=-gerla; -g¢rviligr, a. -gerviligr; -har6ér, a. very hard, stern; ~-heimskr, a. very silly, SS ;: -herdimikill, a. very broad-shoul- dered; -hjaldrjugr, a. very talkative ; -hégliga, adv. very gently ; -hraustr, a. very Valiant ; -hrumliga, adv. very infirmly (from age) ; -hreeddr, a. very muchafraid ; -hreSinn,a. very timid ; -hugsjukr, a. very much grieved, anxious; -hvass, a. blowing very hard (var -hvast 4 noréan); -hyggi- ligr, a.very prudent, judicious; -hes- iligr, a. very scofing; -heldreginn, a. very slow in walking, dragging the heels; -hoegliga, adv. gently, meekly (svara -hoegliga); -idinn, a. very diligent; -illa, adv. very badly ; -illr, a. very bad; -jafnlyndr, a. very calm, even-tempered,

al-ljéss, a. (1) guzte Hight; dagr al-

[10]

ALLR

-likligr, a. very likely; -likr, a. very “tke; -litill, a. very iitt/e; -lyginn, a. much given to lying; -mannhettr, a. very dangerous; -mannskosbr, a. very murderous; -mMannvenn, a. (a man) of very great promise; -marg- liga, adv. very affably ; -margmeltr, a. very talkative; -Margr, a. verv numerous; pl. allmargir, very many ; -margrostt, pp. n. very much spoken of; -mélugr, a. very Joguacious; -mattfarinn, a. very much worn out; -mattlitill, a. very weak; -megin- lauss, a. very void of strength; -mikill, a.very great; -misjafnt, adv. very variously, invery different ways; -ljéss, a. very light; -mjér, a. very slim, slender; -mmjok, adv. very much ; -naubigr, a. very reluctant; -naudu- liga, adv. very dangerously (-naudu- liga staddr); -ndéinn, a. very near, nearly related ; -neer, adv. very near ; -nerri, adv. = -ner,

al-lodinn, a. shaggy allover; -lokit, pp. n. entirely gone.

all-opt, adv. very offen; -orSfatt, a. n., gera allordfatt um, fo de very chary of words as to; -6gurligr, a. very frightful,

allr (oll, allt), a. (1) all, entire, whole; hén 4 allan arf eptir mik, she has all the heritage after me; af dllum hug, wth all (one’s) heart: hvitra., white all over; bit allt, the whole estate; allan daginn, the whole day; { allri verdld, zz the whole world; allan hdlfan mdnud, for the entire

ljéss, broad daylight; (2) guite clear. | fortnight; with addition of ‘saman’;

all-kaldr, a. very cold; -kappsam- liga, adv. with wery much zeal, very liberally ; -karlmanniiga, adv. very manfully ; -kaupmanniiga, adv. in avery businesslike way; -katligr, a. very funny; -katr, a. very merry; -kerskiligr, a. very funny, pleasant; ekynligr, a. very strange; -keerr, a. very dear, beloved; -langr, a. very long ; -laust, adv. very lcosely ; -lagy, a. very low, short of stature; -létt- brann,a. of very cheerful countenance; -léttmalt, pp. n. very cheerfully spoken; -léttr, a. very light (in weight); -likliga, adv. 2% very agreeable terms ;

Google

allt saman féit, the whole amount: um penna hernad allan saman, al/ together; (2) used almost adverbially, all, quite, entirely; klofnadi hann a. { sundr, he was all cloven asunder , kv46u Orn allan villast, that he was altogether bewildered; var WHrappr a. brottu, guzte gone; a. annarr madr, quite another man; (3) gone, past; ddr pessi dagr er a, before this day ts past; var pa Oll peirra vindatta, thezr Sriendship was all over; allt er ni mitt megin, my strength is exhausted, gone; (4) departed, dead (pa er Geir- mundr var a.); (§) neut. sing. (allt)

ALLER

used as a subst. in the sense of a//, everything; eigi er enn peirra allt, they have not yet altogether won the game; pd var alle (all, everybody) vid pa hreett; hér er skammettt allt, here everything is transient; pvi dllu, with a compar. al/ the more (pvi dllu pungbzerri); with gen., allt missera ( = 6ll misseri), a// the year round; allt annars, al/ the rest; at dllu annars, 2% ad/ other respects; alls fyrst, first of all; alls mest, most of ail; in adverbial phrases: at dllu, z# all respects, in every way; { Ollu, im everything; meS dllu, wholly, quite; neita med Gllu, Zo refuse outright; (6) pl. allir (allar, O11), as adj. or sub- stantively, a// (peir gengu tt allir); or dllum fjérdungum 4 landinu, from all the quarters of the land; allir abrir, all others, every one else; flestir allir, nearly all, the greatest part of; gen. pl. (allra) as an intensive with superlatives, of all things, all the more: na pykkir mér pat allra synst, er, all the more likely, as; allra helzt, er beir heyra, particularly now when they hear ; allra sizt, east of all. allraheilagra-messa, f., -messu- anet, m. Allhallow-mass, Ali Saints

Ly.

all-rammskipadr, pp. very strongly manned; -raudr, a. very red; -rad- ligr, a. very advisable ; -reiSiligr, a. looking very angry; -reidr, a. very angry; -rikmannligr, a. very grand, magnificent ; -rikr, a. very powerful ; Toskliga, adv. very briskly.

alls, gen. sing. of ‘alir’, used as an adv.; (1) a. ekki (eigi), wot at all, by no means; peir ugdu a. ekki at sér, they were not a bit afraid; a. engi, no one at ali; sometimes without a negative following it, guile, altogether; era. geldar, ewes quite barren; a. vesall, altogether wretched ; hann var tigi a. tvitugr, sot guite twenty years old; (2) in connexion with numbers, in all; alls forust nfu menn, ¢here perished nine in all; (3) altogether, far; alls of lengi, alls til lengi, far too long a time.

[11]

ALL-STORR

drengr kalladr) ; with addition of ‘er’ (a. er bu ert sv4 prdhaldr 4 pinu m4li). .

all-sannligr, a. very likely; -s&tt- fass, a. very placable; -seinn, a. very slow; -seint, adv. very slowly.

alls-endis, adv., esp. with a preced- ing negative, im every respect, quite, thoroughly ; also, til -endis ; -hattar, adv. of every kind.

allsherjar-, general, public,common; -bud, f. the booth of the -gobi; -démr, m. public judgement; -f6, n. public property; -goSi, m. the supreme priest (who opened the alpingi every year); -lid, n. public troops; -l¥Sr, m. the peuple, commonalty; -lég, n. pl. public law; -ping, n. general assembly.

all-sigrsell, a. very successful in war; -skammry, a. very short; neut., -skammt, a very short way, short dis- tance; -sk6mmu, @ very short time ago; -skapliga, adv. very fittingly ; -skapverr, a. of a very gentle dis- posttion; -skappungr, a. very de- pressed in spirit (e-m er -skappungt) ; -skemtiligr, a. very amusing; -skil- litill, a. very untrusiworthy ; -ekjall- kosnliga, adv. i” a very coaxing way ; -skjott, adv. very soon; -akygn, a. very sharp-sighted; -skyldr, a. (1) very obligatory, neut., -skylt, dounden duty; (2) very nearly related, near chin; -skynsamliga, adv. very ju- dictously ; -skoruligr, a. very striking or magnificent (allsk6rulig veizla) ; -sleliga, adv. very sluggishly ; -sloeg- liga, adv. very cunningly; -smar, a. very small; -snarpliga, adv. very sharply or smartly; -snarpr, a. very sharp; -snemma, adv. very early ; -snjallr, a. very shrewd or clever; -spakr, a. very gentle, very wise; -starsynn, a. looking fixedly upon ; -sterkligr, a. very strong-looking ; -sterkr, a. very strong; -stilliliga, adv. very calmly, very composedly , -stirdr, a. very stif{; -storhcger, a. dealing very hard blows, -storlige, adv. very haughiily; -stormanniliga, adv. very munificently; -storord:,

alle, conj. as, since (a. pu ert gddria. using very big words; -Btorr, &

Google

ALL-STYGGR

[12]

ALL-PARFLIGA

very great or big; -styggr, a.very| frame; -Qkonungligr, a. very un-

tll-humoured, very cross; -styrkliga, adv. very stoutly; -styrkr, a. very strong.

alls-valdandi, pr. p. of God, A/- mighty; -valdari, m. almighty ruler ; -valdr, -valdandi; -vesall, a. utterly wretched,

all-svangr, a. very hungry.

all-svinnliga, adv. very wisely, prudently.

alls-véldugr, a. = alls-valdr.

all-settfuss, a. very placable, very eager for peace.

all-scomiligr, a. very honourable.

allt, neut. trom ‘allr’; (1) right up to, all the way ; Brynjélfr gengr a. at honun, close up to Aim; a. nordr um Stad, all the way north, round C. pe Stad; (2)everywhere; Sigrodr var kon- ungr a. um preendalég, over all Dront- heim; véru svfrar a. gulli bunir, a// overlaid with gold ; (3) already; voru a. komin fyrir hann bréf, warrants of arrest were alreaty awaiting him; (4) of time, all through, until (a. til Jonsvéku) ; (5) a. til, a. of, far foo (pt

kingly; -akunnigr, a. guile unknown; -ilifligr, a. very unlikely to live; -Hlikliga, adv. very unlikely; -alikr, a.very unitke; -amattuliga, adv. very weakly ; -arétinn, a. very undecided ; -urddliga, adv. very unudvisedly or rashly; -asannligr, a. very unjust, very unitkely ; -asattfuss, a. very t- placable; -askyldr, a. far from being incumbent on one (hitt ztla ek mér -liskylt) ; -uspakr, a. very unruly ; -usvass, a. very uncomfortable (var pa vedr -usvdst) ; -asynn,a.very un- certain, very doubtful, -aseligr, a. of very wretched appearance; -avinsell, a. very unpopular; -avisliga, adv. very unwisely ; -avenligr, a. of very unfavourable prospect; -aveenn, a. (1) very ugly ; (2) very unpromising or unfavourable; neut., -iveent, very unfavourably; -aparfr, a. very un- profitable, injurious (e-m).

all-valdr, m. sovereign, king (heilir all-valdar badir !).

allvalds-konungr, m. = allvaldr.

all-vandlatr, a. very aifficult to

ert a. of heimskr); (6) a. at einu, a.| please; -vandliga, adv. very care- eins, a/l the same, nevertheless (ek | fully, exactly; -vant, a. n., e-m er

ztla po tan a. eins).

all-tillatsamr, a. very tndulgent ; -tidroett, pp. n. very much talked of; -tiSvirkr, a. very guick at work; -torfyndr, a. very hard to find; -tor- foert, a. n. very hard to pass; -tor- sottr, pp. very difficult fo reach; -tortryggiliga, adv. very suspicious- ly; ~raudr, a. very slow, unwilling ; -tregr, a. very tardy; -trar, a. very true; -tryggr, a. very trusty; -und- arligr, a. very strange; -ungr, a. very young; -abeinskeytr, a. shoot- ing very badly; -ablidr, a. very harsh, unkind ; -abragSligr, a. very ill-looking ; -adeeall, a. very untracta- ble; -afagr, a. very ugly ; -afimliga, adv. very awkwardly; -dframliga, adv. very timidly; -afrynn, a very sullen ; -afregr, a. very inglorious ;

-vant um, ome is in a very great strait; evarfoerr, a. very cautious, careful; -vaskr, a. very brisk or gallant; -vedrlitit, a.n. very calm ; -vegliga, adv. splendidly, nobly; -vegligr, a. very grand; -vel, adv. very well; -vesall, a.very miserable, vile; -vingott, a, n. on very Jriendly terms (var -vingott med beim); -vin- sell, a. very popular; -virduligr, a. very worthy, dignified; -vitr, a. very wise; -vitrliga, adv. very prudently ; -vida, adv. very widely; -vigliga, adv. 22 avery warlike manner; -vig- mannliga, adv. very martially ; -vig- modr, a. guite wearied out with fighting; -viss, a. guite certain; -veenligr, a., -veenn, a. very promis- ing; pykkja -vzent um e-n, fo be de- lighted with one; -vent, adv. very

-ugladr, a. very gloomy, sad; -ahoegr, | favouradly (konungr tok pessu -veent);

a. very difficulé; -ancfSingligr, a.

-vorpuligr, a. ofa very stately frame;

very plebetan; -akatr, a. in very low \ -voxtuligr, a. very tall; -parfliga, spirits; -Qkn&ér, a. very weak ofladv. very pressingly ; bidja -parfliga,

Google

ALL-PETTR

to beg very hard; -péttr, a. very crowded; -prekligr, a. of a very robust frame; -pungliga, adv. very heavily ; taka -pungliga 4 e-m, ¢o be very hard upon; -pungr, a. (1) very disagreeable, hard; (2) hostile, badly disposed towards (til e-s); -pykkr, a. very thick; féllu peir -pykkt, 7% great numbers; -cefr,a.very furious ; ~egiligr, a. very terrible ; -cestr, pp. greatly excited; -drordr, a. very jrank, outspoken; -gruggr, a. very unflinching.

almanna-byg6, f. a well-peopled district; -foari, n. public way; -leiS, f. public road; -lof,n. universal praise; -skript, f. general confession ; -stofa, f. the common hall, opp. to ‘lila stofa’; -tal, n. (1) common reckoning (at -tali); (2) general cen- sus; -vegr, m. high road,=pjddvegr, pjodleid.

al-mattigr, a. a/mighty ; -mattr,m. almightiness, omnipotence; -menni, n. the people, puolic; -menniliga, adv. generally, commonly; -menni- ligr, a. general, common.

almenning, f., almenningr, m. (1) common land ; (2) common or public pasture; (3) public thoroughfare (in Norse towns) ; (4) the people, putlic in general; (5) levy, conscription ; fullr (allr), hdlfr almenningr, @ full nes or half levy of men and ships.

almennings-bréf, n. proclamation ; -drykkja, f. public banquet; -far, n. public ferry; -gata, f. public road; -glofar, m. pl. common gloves ; -hus, n.a house for the use of travellers ; mork, f., -skogr, m. public forest ; -streti, n. public thoroughfare; -tollr, m. public fax; -tra, f. catholic faith (=almennilig tri); -vegr, m. pudiic way ; -Ol, n. common ale.

ennr, a, common,

public.

al-mugi, m. fhe commons, common people (konungrinn ok almiuginn) ; mugr, m.=al-mtigi; -meli, n. (1) common saying, general report; pat er almeli, at, al/ people say (agree), that; (2) saying, proverb; pott almeelit

general,

Google

[13]

ALTARIS-BOK

sannadist, at mddurbroeedrum_verdi menn Ifkastir, though the saying proved true, that; -meltr, pp. spoken by all; -mzelt t{Oindi, common mews ; (2) of a child that has learnt to talk; -metti, n.=almattr.

al-naktr, a. quite naked.

alna-mal, n. measure by the ell (see alin).

al-nyr, a. guite mew; -ndktr, a. =alnaktr,

al-ogat, a., -ogi, m., -ogligr, a. see -hugat, -hugi, -hugligr.

alr (-s, -ir), m. az‘/; skjdlfa pétti husit, sem 4 als oddi leki, as ¢f it were balanced on the point of an aw.

al-raudr, a. guite red; -r&Sinn, pp. guite determined; -rénun, a. utterly plundered: -reyndr, pp. fully proved.

alri, m. e/der tree, see elri.

al-roskinn, a. guite grown up; -rotinn, 1. guile rotien ; -roemdr, pp. rumoured by all; alroemt er, every one Says; -sagdr, pp. spoken of by all; -sdtt, f., alsdttum sdttir, completely reconciled; -sattr,a. fully reconciled ; -sekr, a. an outlaw in the greuter de- gree=sk6garma6r; -sida, a. indecl., er Kristni var alsida, when the CAristian fatth had become universal; -skip- adr, pp. (1) of a ship, fully manned ; (2) ofa bench, guste full; -skjaldaGr, a. closely set with shields; -skrif- adr, pp. written all over; -skygn, a. fully seeing; -skyldr, a. (1) gutte bound in duty, obliged; (2) quite binding; -slitinn, p>». gutle worn out ; -slikr, a. quite the same; -ami6- adr, pp. completely built; -snaudr, a. very poor; -snotr, a., -spakr, a. all-wise, very clever; -styfdr, pp. (a metre) t2 masculine rhymes ; -atyf- ingr,m. az animal with close-cropped ears (= afeyringr); -svartr, a. gutle black; -sveittr, a. -sveitugr, a. perspiring all over; -svidr, -svinnr, a. all-wise ; -sykn, a. altogether free or guiltless (al-sykn saka) ; -sykna, f. complete rehabilitation, -sell, a. altogether happy ; -sett, f., -setti, n. complete reconciliation,

altari, n. and m. altar.

altaris-bleja, f. a/tar-cloth; -bok,

ALTARIS-BRiIK

f. altar-book; -brik, f. altar-piece; -banadr, m. alfar-furniture ; -dagr, m. anniversary of the consecration of an altar; -dakr, m. altar-cloth; -embatti, n. service of the altar, -forn, f. offering on the altar; -golf, n. the floor round an altar; -horn, n. corner ofan altar; -hus,n. chapel; -kledi, n. altar-cloth; -likneski, n. image placed on an altar; -messa, f. mass at an altar; -stadr, m. the place where an altar stands; -steinn, m. altar-slab; -stika, f. candlestick for an altar; -pjonusta, f. altar- Service.

al-tjalda6r, pp. Aung all round with tapestry ; -ugat, a. = alhugat.

al-ad, f. (older form 61058) affection, sincerity.

aludar-madr, m., -vinr, m. sincere or devoted friend.

al-valdr, a. = allvaldr.

alvara, f. (1) sertousness, earnest ; taka e-t fyrir alvéru, ¢o fake it in earnest; vissa ek eigi, at bér var a., that you were in earnest ; (2) affection = alid; er dll hans a. (éuclination) til Olafs konungs.

alvar-liga, adv. (1) seriously, ecar- nestly ; (2) heartily (fagna e-m -liga) ; (3) entirely (-liga hreinn); -ligr, a. hearty, affectionate (-lig vinatta).

al-vaskligr,a. mostvaliant, martial; -vaxinn, pp. guile grown up; -vap- nadr, pp. 12 full armour; -vétr, a. thoroughly wet,wet through; al-verki and -verkja, a. indecl. aching, feeling pains all over the body.

al-virkr, a., alvirkr dagr, a fell working day; -vist, adv. with full certainty; -vitr, a. a/l-wise; -vepni, n. complete arms; hafa alvepni, med alveepni, (to be) fully armed.

alvoru-liga, adv. earnestly, sin- cerely; -ligr, a.=alvarligr; -sam- liga, adv.=-liga; -samligr, a. sin- cere, devoted (-samlig pjoénusta).

al-yrkr, a.=alvirkr(dagr); -pakinn, pp. thatched all over; -piljadr, pp. completely wainscotted or panelled.

alpingi, n. the annual parliament or general assembly of the Icelandic Commonwealth (held in June).

Google

[14]

AMBAN

al-bingis, adv. guite, altogether (= dllungis).

alpingis-démr, m. court of justice at the alpingi; -f5r, f. journey to the a.; -helgun, f. inauguration of the a.; -lof, n. permission, leave, given by the a.; -mA4l, n. parliamentary rules or proceedings; -nefna, f. nomination y judges to the courts of the a.; -reid, . journey to thea.; -satt, f. agreement entered into at the a.; -sdttarhald, n. the keeping of alpingissatt.

al-pjod, f. people in general (alpjsd manna).

al-pykkr, a. guite thick, foggy (vedr alpykkt).

al-pySa f. (1) the whole people (baud hann alpydu rikis s{ins at géfga Ifk- neskjuna); (2) people in general, the majority or bulk of the people (var pat heit pa fest ok jatat af allri alpydu); vera l{tt vid alpydu skap, fo be un- popular; (3) the common people (4naud ok ufrelsi gekk yfir fdlk allt, bedi rfka menn ok alpydu).

al-pySast (dd), v. refl, alpydast til e-s, to incline towards, attach one- self to; -pySi, n.=-pySa.

alpy6is-f6lk, n. the common people.

albyOligr, a. common, general; -ligr ma6ér=mennskr madr,a common man; { -ligri roeOu, 2 ordinary speech; hitt veri -ligra, more plain.

alpySu-drykkja, f. common ban- guet; -leid, f. high-road (=almanna- leid) ; -lof, n. general praise, popu- larity; -mal, n. general report; -tal, n. common reckoning, opp. to ‘ r{imtal’; -vapn, n. ordinary weapon; -vegr, m.=-leid ; -virding, f. public opinion: -vitni, n. universal testimony ; -pyss, m. general tumult,

al-pegr, a. guile acceptable or pleas- ing (to one); -cestr, pp. guile excited, stirred up.

ama (a6), v. fo vex, molest; refi., amast vid e-n, e-t, fo inconvenience, trouble (6mudust lidsmenn litt vid hana) ; fo object to, disapprove, shou .tslike to (a. vid bygd e-s).

amalera (ad), v. fo enamel (for- eiyn word).

amban, f. (Norse)=6mbun,

AMBATT

ambatt, f. (1) dondwoman; (2) con- cubine.

amb&tta-fang, n. ‘ussle bondwomen.

ambattar-barn, n., -déttir, f. child, daughter of a bondwoman; -ligr, a. vile, like an ambatt; -mét, n. ex- pression (mien) of a bondwoman (er

between

(15]

AND-SPILLI

and-hlaup, n. suffocation.

and-hvalr, m. dottle-nosed whale.

andi, m. (1) breath, breathing; a. Ingimundar er ekki gddr, is breath smells, 1s foul; (2) current of air (a. handar pinnar) ; (3) gramm., asfira- tion (linr, snarpr a.); (4) soul (gud skapaOi likamann ok andann); gjalda

eigi -mot 4 henni); -sonr, m. som of| guéi sinn anda, ¢o die; (5) spirit,

a bondwoman.

ambos, n.=andbod, annbod.

amma, f. grandmother (fodur-mdoir, mndbur mob).

ampli, m., ampull, m. jug (am- pulla).

amra (a6), v. to howl or yell piteously (of cats). .

an, conj. ¢#an (an old form for ‘en’).

and-, a prefix denoting whatever is opposite, De spate towards, and fig. hostile, adverse; often spelt an- or ann-,

anda (ad), v. £0 breathe, live (medan peir megu a.) ; refl., andast, ¢o breathe one’s last, die; andadr, pp. dead; hin var p4 6ndud, kad breathed her last.

anda-gift, f. inspiration ; -kast, n. breathing; -lauss, a. without breath- ing (lifa -lauss); -liga, adv. sfiritu- ally; -ligr, a. spiritual (-lig foeba),

andar-, gen. from ‘énd’; -auga, n. spiritual eye; -daudi, m. spiritual death; -arattr, m. breath, respiration.

andar-egg, n. duck's ege; -fygli, n. ducks.

andar-gjéf, f.=—-gift; -gustr, m. breath of wind; -heilsa, f. spiritual

Spiritual being; Ghreinn a.,an unclean spirit; heilagr a., the Holy Ghost.

and-kostr, m. see annkostr.

and-lauss, a. breathless, lifeless,

and-la&t, n. (1) death (pba er pu fregn andlat mitt); (2) the last gasp; pd var konungr ner andlati, was almost breathing his last.

andlats-dagr, m., -dosgr, n. day 0, death; -sorg, f. grief for a death; -ti8, f., -timi, m. Ze of death.

and-liga, adv. spiritually; -ligr, a. spiritual (biskup hefir andligt vald til andligra hluta).

andlit, n. face, countenance.

andlitsa-bjérg, f. visor; -blida, f. mild expression of the countenance ; -mein, n. cancer in the face; -skepna, f. form or make of the face; -sk6p, n. pl.=-skepna ; var vel -sképum, Aad well-formed features; -veenn, a. fine- featured; -voxtr, m. form of the face, features.

and-marki, m., see annmarki.

and-mAlugr, a. contentious, guarrel- Some; -meli, n. pl. contradiction, objection.

and-nes, n. promontory, headland ;

welfare; -kraptr, m. strength of|-orSa, a. indecl,, at verda andorda, Zo

mind; -ram, n. breathing time; -8&r, n. mental wound. andar-steggi, -steggr, m. drake. andar-syn, f. vision ; -tak, n. breath; -vani, -vanr, a. breathless, lifeless. and-blasinn, pp. d/own up, inflated with wind or air. and-bo6, n. #éensil (=annbod). and-dyri, n., -dyrr, f. pl. Jorch. and-fang, n. reception, hospitality. and-felur, f. pl. right; vakna med -felum, fo awake in a fright. and-footingr, m. (1) a person whose

come to words with; -6f, n. paddling with the oars, so as to keep a boat from drifting (cf. andcefa). and-rammr, a. having foul breath. andrar, m. pl. szow-shoes. andrja, f. tumult, uproar. and-ré0i, m. pulling against tide and wind; peir téku (Attu) mikinn -r6da, they had a hard pull; -rodr (-ra), m. = andrd6i; -saka (a5), v. ¢o reprimand (hann -sakadi sveinana hardliga); -sakan, f. reprimand, re- buke ; -skoti, m. (1) opponent, adver-

feet are turned backwards; (2) pl.|sary; (2) the devil, satan.

and-footingar, Antipodes.

Google

and-spilli, n. colloguy, discourse.

AND-SPJALL

and-spjall, n. (1) = andspilli; (2) pl. andspjdll, answer, reply.

and-stefja (aS), v. 40 respond, an- swer; -stefna (-da, -t), v.=-stefja ; -streymi, n. adversity; -streymr, a. strongly adverse (-streym gorlég); Sighvatr var heldr -streymr um eptir- malin, hard to come to terms with; -atyg&, f. disgust; e-m er -stygd af e-u, one feels abhorrence for; -stygg- iligr, -styger, a. abominable, odious ; -svar, n. answer, reply, decision (vera skjétr { -svorum) ; -svara (a5), v. (1) fo answer (e-m) ; (2) fo respond (=andstefja); (3) fo answer for, be responsible for (e-u).

andsvara-ma6r, m. respondent, de- jender.

and-syptir,m. difficulty in breathing.

and-soelis, adv. against the course of the sun, withershins (=rangscelis), opp. to ‘réttscelis *,

and-vaka, f. (1) sleeplessness; (2) wakefulness 5 and-vaki, a. sleepless (liggja -vaki).

and-vana or -vani, a. destitute of, wanting, with gen. (auds andvani ok alls gamans) ; -vanr, a.=-vani; and- vanr atu, famished for food.

andvara-gestr, m. unwelcome guest; -lauss, a. free from care or anxiety.

and-varéa (a6), v. fo hand over (=afhenda).

and-vari, m. care, anxiety.

and-varp. n. (1) éveath, breathing ; (2) sigh; -varpa (ad), v. fo heave a sigh (=varpa Ondinni); -varpan, f. sighing, sobbing.

and-vegi, n. ¢hrone (=é6ndvegi); -veror, a.=6ndverdr ; -vidri, n. head wind; -virdi, n. worth, equivalent, price; andvir6i hvalsins, the value of the whale.

and-virki, n. (1) Aay, hay-stacks, crop; nautafjéldi var kominn { tin ok vildi brjéta -virki, throw down the cocks; -virki (fodder) gekk par upp fyrir hestum ; (2) Norw. agricultural implements; vidarkést, timbr, grindr, sleda eda Onnur -virki; (3) fig., legit hafa mér -virki nzrr gardi en at ber- jast vid pik, J have had business more urgent than to fight with you.

Google

[16]

ANKANNA-LAUST

and-vitni, n. contradictory testi- mony ; -vigr,a.a match for (hann var eigi betr en -vfgr 6drum peirra bracd- ra); -yrdi, n. pl. objection, contra- diction ; -eera, f. resistance; -e@ris, adv. adversely, unfavourably (ganga mun ykkr -zris); -cefa (-a, -t), v. 40 keep pulling against wind and tide so as to prevent a boat from drifting astern; -cepa (-ta, -t), v. fo reply against (ekki er bess getit, at Pordr andcepti pessarri visu).

ang, n. fragrance (med unad ok a.).

anga (a6), v. fo exhale odour or fru- grance; angan, f. sweet odour; a. Friggyjar, the love of Frigg.

angi, m. sweet odour.

angi, m. prickle, sting (petta mal hefir anga),.

angist, f. anguish.

angis‘ar-dr, n. year of misery; -ney6, f. great distress; -timi, m. hour of distress.

angr (gen. -rs), m. grief, sorrow ; gera e-m angr, 4o do one harm; vera e-m at angri=angra e-n.

-angr (gen. -rs), m. in Norse local names, day. firth.

angra (aS), v. fo grieve, vex, dis- tress (mik hefir angrat hungr ok frost); with dat. (hvdrt sem mér angrar reykr eda bruni); impers. 0 de grieved (an- gradi honum mjék); refl., angrast af e-u, fo be vexed at, take offence at; a. vi e-n, fo fall out with.

angraor, pp. sorrowful, sad, vexcd (reidr ok a.).

angran, f. sorrow, affliction.

angr-fullr, a. sorrowful, sad; -gapi, m. vash, foolish person; -lauss, a. free from care; -ligr, a. sad; -1j06, n. pl. szourning songs, dirges; -lyndi, n. sadness, low spirits ; -moedast (dd), v. refl. to be im low spirits ; -sanoliga, adv. sorrowfully, sadly; -samligr, a.=-fullr; -samr, a. (1) troublesome (-s6m fluga) ; (2) depressed, downcast; e-m er -samt, one ts in low spirits ; -semd, -semi, f. depression of spirits ; -veeri, f. dejection; -cedi, n. moody temper, sullenness.

ankanna-fullr, a. full of faults; -laust, adv. with flawless title (Mag-

ANN-

nis konungr hafdi pd rfki einn saman ok ankannalaust).

ann-, in several compds.=and-.

anna, (a6), v. 20 be able to do (a. e-u) ; cf. ‘annast’.

annarligr, a. strange, alien.

annarr (Onnur, annat), a., indef. pron., ord. numb.; (1) one of the two, the one (of two); Egill pessi hefir adra hénd (only one hand) ok er kalladr einhendr; 4 adra hénd, on the one side; a....a. one... the other (hét a. Sorli, en a. Porkell); (2) second; { annat sinn. for the second time; hoger

[17]

ANNT

grims); at d60ru hvdru, every now and then, adrir hvdrir, one or other of the two parties ; neut. used as adv., annat hvart... eda, et¢her... or. annarr hverr, indef. pron. every other alternately; annan hvern dag, every other day; annat hvert ord, every other (second) word; at 6dru hverju, every now and then.

annarr tveggi, annarr tveggija, indef. pron. one or other of the two= annarr hvdrr; er adrir tveggju eru lengra { burt komnir en érdrag, when etther of the two parties has got

hann begar annat (vz. hégg), a second | farther away than an arrow’'s flight;

blow ; (3) the next following; 4 ddru hausti, fhe next autumn; annat sumar eptir; fig., mext in value or rank; annat mest hof { Noregi, the mext greatest temple; {jolmennast ping annat eptir brennu Njals, the fullest assembly next to that after the burn- ing of N.; (4) some other (hon lék 4 golfinu vid adrar meyjar); Pdorarinn ok tiu menn adrir, and ten men be- sides; hann var 6rvari af fé en nokk- urr a., than anybody else; (5) other, different ; dlera.ma6dr, ale (a drunken man) ts another man, ts not the same man; pau héfdu annan dtrinad, a different religion; (6) in various com- binations; a. slikr, such another, another of the same sort; gekk a. til at 6drum (one after another) at bidja hann; hverja nétt adra sem adra, every night in turn; annat var ord Finns hardara en annat, each word of Finn was harder than another; abdrir ... abrir, some... others; einir ok aOrir, various ; ymsir ok abrir, now one, now another (nefna upp ymsa ok adra) ; hvdrr (oy hverr) . . annan, each other, one another (hétu hvdrir 6drum atfor- um); vid pau t{dindi urdu allir gladir ok sagdi hverr 65rum, one fold the news to another, man to man.

annarra-brosdra, gen. pl. used ellipt. in the sense of children of ‘nzsta breedra ’, third cousins ; -broeSri, m. third cousin.

annarr hvarr, indef. pron., ome or other of two persons, etther (drepa anpan hvdrn peirra sona Skalla-

ICEL. DICT.

Google

annat tveggja...eda, either... or.

annars, gen. from * annarr’, used as adv. otherwise, else (stendr a, riki pitt { mikilli heettu).

annarsligr, a.=annarligr.

annarstaSar, adv. e/sewhere, in another pflace=annars stadar.

annast (a5), v. refl. (1) to ¢ake care of (mal betta mun ek a.); (2) fo fro- vide for, support (a. born, émaga) ; a. sik, to support oneself; (3) a. um e-t, £0 be busy about, to occupy oneself with (a. um matreidu).

annall (-s, -ar), m. chronological register, annals.

ann-bo6, n. ments.

ann-friOr, m. cessation Srom law- suits during the spring farming.

ann-kostr, m.=énnkostr.

aon-kvista, v. to take care of.

annmarka-fullr, a. faulty, full of faults; -lauss, a. faultless.

ann-marki, m. (1) defect, flaw, fault (pa leyndir -marka 4 honum) ; (2, aa- versity (pi gaft mér varygd f farszelu, huggan { -marka).

ann-rikt, a. n., eiga -rikt, fo de very busy; -samligr, a. totlsome, laborious; -samt, a.n.,e-m er -samt, ome ts very busy; -eewd, f. business, care, con- cern; bera mikla -semd fyrir e-u, ¢o be concerned about.

annt, a. n., €-M era., eager, aNX10US ; morguin var a. heim, wany were eager to get home; hv{ mun honum svd a. at hitta mik, wAy ts he so eager ? ekki er a.um bat, tt ts not pressing; hvat er

Cc

agricultural imbple-

ANTIKRISTR

nia. mf{num einga syni, what has my only son at heart? sagdi sér a. (that he was busy) um daga; vera a. til e-s, to be eager for.

antikristr, m. Antichrist.

[18]

APTR-MJOR

aptr, adv. (1) dack; fara (snia, koma, senda, scekja, hverfa) a., fo go (turn &c.) back; rekaa., fo drive back, repel; kalla a., to recall, revoke; (2) back- wards; fram ok a., backwards and

anza (a5), v. (1) 20 heed, take notice| forwards, to and fro; peir settu

of (a. e-u); (2) ¢o reply, answer (a. til e-s).

apa (a), v. 20 mock, make sport of, to befool (margan hefir auér apat) ; refl., apast at e-u, fo become the fool of.

hnakka 4 bak sér a., they bent their necks backwards; (3) lika (lata) a., to shut, close; hlid, port, hurd er a., z's shut; (4) at the back, tn the rear; pat er madr fram, en dyra., the fore

apaldr (gen. -rs or -s, pl. -rar or| fart a man, the hind part a beast;

-ar), m. afple-tree.

apaldrs-garor, m. orchard; -klub- ba, -kylfa, f. club made of apple-tree ; -tré, n. apple-tree.

apal-grar, a. dapple-grey.

api, m. (1) afe, monkey; (2) fool (margr ver6r af aurum api).

apli, m. 64//,=pydrr, gradungr.

appella, appellera (a6), v. Zo cite, summon to the pope.

apr (opr, aprt), a. (1) hard, sharp; en aprasta hrid, the sharpest fighting ; aprastr vid at eiga, the worst to deal with; (2) sad, dispirited.

aprligr, a. cold, chilly (-ligt ve6r).

aptan, adv. from behind, behind, opp. to ‘framan’; pa greip hann a. undir hendr honum, /rom behind; fyrir a., as prep. with acc., dehind; ek hjé varginn f sundr fyrir a. béguna, just behind the shoulders,

aptann (gen. -s, dat. aptni; pl. apt- nar), m. evening; s{S6 um aptaninn, late in the evening; mior a., middle- eve, 6 o'clock.

aptan-drykkja, f. evening carouse ; -kveld, n.=aptann ; -langt, adv. a// the evening; -skera, f. twilight; -stjarna, f. evening star; -séngr, m. evensong, Vespers.

aptanséngs-mal, n. the time of

evensone. aptan-tidir, f. pl. =aptanséngs t{dir ; etimi, m. the time of evening. aptari, a. compar.=eptri. aptarla, adv. behind, far in the rear. aptarr, adv. compar. farther back. aptast, adv. superl. farthest back. aptastr, a. superl. farthest back. aptna (ad), v. impers. Zo decome evening; refl., aptnast=aptna.

Google

bedi a. ok fram, stem and stern (of a ship); Sigur6r sat a. 4 kistunni, S. saz aft on the stern-chest; (5) again;

reyja vaknar ok snerist vid ok sofnar a. and falls asleep again.

aptra (ad), v. to take back, with- draw, recall; a. ferd sinni, Zo desist Srom, give up; a. sér, fo withdraw, waver, hesitate.

aptran, f. withdrawal, keeping back.

aptr-bati, m. convalescence; vera { -bata, to be on the way to recovery; -bati, a. convalescent, getting better, recovering ; -beiSiligr, a. reciprocal ; -borinn, pp. born again, regenerate; -byggzi, m. (esp. pl. -byggjar opp. to frambyggjar) @ man in the stern in a ship of war; -drattr, m. reflux of the tide (-drattr hafsins) ; -drepa, f. relapse, shock; -elding, f..dawning ; -fer6, f. journey back, return; -foorsla, f. bringing back; -fér, f.=-ferd; -gan- ga, f., -gangr, m. ghost, apparition ; -gjald, n. repayment; -hald, n. check- ing, holding back.

aptrhald-samr, a. saving, close.

aptrhalds-madr, m. one who iim- pedes the progress of a thing.

aptr-hlaup,n.running back; -hnekk- ing, f. repulse; -huppr, m. haunch; -hvarf, n. (1) ve¢urn; illr -hvarfs, dis- inclined to face the enemy again; (2) relapse, apostasy; (3) turning away jrom sin (rare); -kall, n. recalling, revocation; -kast, n. hurling back, repulse; -kaup, n. repurchase; -koma or -kvama, f. coming back, return; -kvemt, a. n. admitting of return ; esp. eiga -kvzemt, fo be allowed to return (from exile); -lausn, f. redemp- tion; right of redeeming ; -wojor, a.

APTR-MUNDR

tapering behind; -mundr, m. regret, éoss; mér er mikill -mundr at e-u, / miss a thing greatly; -reka, a. indecl. driven back (by stress of weather); -rekstr, m. driving back, repulse; -aja, f. regret, longing (=eptirsjd) ; -skipan, f. restoration (-skipan allra hluta) ; -velting, f. rolling back. apynja, f. she-ape, she-monkey. ara-hreidr, n. eagle's nest, eyrie. arOar-, gen. from ‘6rd’; -leiga, f. rent for one year’s crop; -mAali, m. contract, agreement for one year. ar6r (gen. ardrs), m.a simple form of plough. aror-for, f. furrow, trench made by a plough; -gangr, m. ceulter; -jarn, n. Plough-tron; -jarn pat er ristill (coulter) heitir; -uxi, m. plough-ox. aro .-geldingr, m.=ardruxi, arfa, f. heiress (Norse, rare).

[19]

ARKAR-SMID

arfsals-madr, m. one who has made another his heir on condition of being maintained by him for life ; -madldagi, m. deed concerning ‘arfsal’,

arf-skipti, n. partition of an inhert- tance; -skot,n. fraud in matters of inheritance; -sdkn, f. suit in a case of inheritance; -svik, n. pl. defrauding tn matters of inheritance; -svipting, f. taking away of one’s inheritance ; -tak, n. the act of taking one as arf- salsma6r (taka e-n arftaki) ; -taka, f. receiving, taking possession of, an inheritance; -takari, -taki, m. in- heritor; -tekinn, pp. taken by in- heritance; -tekja, f.=-taka.

arftekju-land, n. land obtained by inheritance.

arf-toeki, n.=arftaka; -tookr, a. =arfgengr ; verda arftcekr e-s, fo re- ceive by inheritance.

arfa-sd‘a, f. a heap, or small rick, of| arftdku-karl, m. one taken as arf-

chickweed (arfi).

arfa-pattr, m. section of law treating of inheritance (arfr).

arf-borinn, pp. dy birth entitled to inherit, legitimate (=til arfs alinn); -deild, f.=arfskipti; -gengr, a. en- titled to inherit.

arfi, m. heir, heiress; a, e-8 of at e-u, heir to a property.

arfi, m. chickweed.

arf-kaup, n. sum paid for another's expectation of inheritance; -leida (-dda, -ddr), v. to adopt as an heir (=zttleida); -leiding, f. adoption of an heir; -nyti (gen. -nytja), m. heir, inheritor (poet.).

arfr (gen. arfs), m. (1) inheritance ; taka arf, to fake possession of an in- heritance; taka arf eptir e-n, fo de heir to a person, to inherit; standa tilarfs eptir e-n, £0 be entitled toinherit a person; hon 4 allan arf eptir mik, she is my sole heir; selja arf, to sell the expectation of inheritance (=selja arfvan) ; (2) patrimony =fodurleifd.

arf-rén, n. unjust taking of one’s inheritance; -rening, f. = arf-rdn; -reningr, m. one stripped of his inherttance ; -eal, n. cession of right of inheritance (on condition of getting maintenance for life).

Google

salsmadr; -ma6dr, m. inheritor, suc- cessor to an inheritance.

arf-van, f. expectancy of inheritance ; -begi, m. heir.

arg-hola, f. harlot.

argr, a. (1) unmanly, effeminate, cowardly (sem fyrir ulfi drg geit rynni); (2) /ewd; (3) wicked, per- mictous (pu hit argasta dyr).

argskapr, m. efeminacy, cowardice, wickedness.

ari, m. eagle (=6rn).

arin-démr, m. fireside gossip; -eldr, m. hearth-fire; -elja, f. a home-rival fo a wife; -greypr, a. encompass- ing the hearth (bekkir aringreypir) ; -hella, f. hearth-stone.

arinn (gen, arins; dat. arni; pl. arnar), m. (1) Aearth (eldr var 4 arni); as a law term, fara eldi ok arni, ¢o remove one’s homestead, taking fire and hearth together; (2) az elevated platform.

arins-horn, n. corner of the hearth; -jarn, n. poker.

arka (a3), v. fo walk heavily, trudge; a. at audnu, fo take what- ever course fate may decide.

arkar-fétr, m. fhe foot of a chest (ork); -smid, f. the building of Noah's Ark.

ARMA

[20]

AT

arma, f. pity; dréttinn sA 6rmu 4| ask-rakki, m. marten; -vidr, m.

mannkyni, fook pity upon.

arm-baugr, m. avm/et, bracelet.

arm-bryst, n. cvoss-bow.

arm-fylking, f.=fylkingar-armr.

armingi (pl. -jar), m. joor fellow (== aumingi).

arm-leggr, m. arm (=armr).

armligr, a. pitiful, miserable.

armr (-s, -ar), m. (1) ava; leggija arma um e-n, fo embrace (of a woman); koma 4 arm e-m, 0 come into one’s embraces (of a woman marrying); (2) the wing of a body, opp. to its centre; armar uthafsins, the arms of the ocean, viz. bays and firths; armr fylkingar, a wing of an army.

armr, a. (1) usmhapfpy, poor; (2) wretched, wicked ; hinn armi Bjarn- grimr, the wretch, scoundrel B.; hin arma kerlingin, fhe wicked old woman.

arm-skapaor, pp. misshapen, miser- able, poor; -vitki, f. compassion ; -vitugr, a. charitable, compassionate ; litt armvitugr, Aard-hearted.

armosta, f. distress, trouble; ar- mosdast, v. refl. ¢o distress oneself.

arnar-, gen. from ‘érn’ ; -hamr, m. eagle's plumage; -hreidr, n. eagle's nest, eyrie; -kl0, f. talon of an eagle; -liki, n. eag/e’s shape; -ungi, m.eag/et.

arning, t. Z¢//age, ploughing (related to ‘erja’).

arn-sigr, m. ¢he rushing sound caused by the flight of an eagle.

ars, Mm. fosteriors,=rass.

arta, f. a species of teal, garganey.

aska, f. ashes (mold ok a.; dust eitt ok a.). Cf. 6sku-.

aska-smi6r, m. shipwright?

aska-spillir, m. shzp-sporler ?

ask-limar, f. pl. dvanches of an ash.

ask-maor, m. shkip~man, viking, pirate; cf. askr (3).

askr (-s, -ar), m. (1) ash, ash-tree ; (2) ash-spear; (3) small shtp (peir sigla burt 4 einum aski) ; (4) wooden vessel or dish (stérir askar fullir af skyri); (5) a Norse messure for ’ “tgudds equal to four bowls (bollar), or sixteen ‘justur’.

Google

ash-tree.

asna, f. she-ass.

asna-hofud, n. ass’s-head; -kjalki, m. jawbone of an ass.

asni, m. ass, donkey.

at, prep. A, with dative. J. Of motion: (1) towards, against; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, dowed down to S.; hann sneri egginni at Asgr{mi, Zurned the edge against A.; (2) close up to; Brynjdlfr gengr allt at honum, gzcée up to him; peir kémust aldri at honum, ¢hey could never get near him, to close quarters with him; (3) to, af; koma at landi, fo come fo land; ganga at ddémi, fo go into court; (4) along (=eptir); ganga at streeti, 20 walk along the street; dreki er niér for at 4nni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum; refr dré horpu at fsi, o” the ice; (5) denoting hostility ; renna (soekja) at e-m, fo rush at, assault; gerdi pd at peim poku mikla, ‘hey were overtaken by a thick fog; (6) around; vefja motri at hofdi sér, fo wrap a veil round one's head ; bera grjét at e-m, fo heap stones upon the body; (7) denoting business, engagement ; rida at hross- um, at saudum, fo go looking after horses, watching sheep; fara at land- skuldum, ¢o go collecting rents. II. Of position, &c.; (1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon; at kirkju, at church; at domi, z# court; at lég- bergi, a¢ the hill of laws ; (2) denoting participation in; vera at veizlu, brul- laupi, Zo be at a banquet, wedding ; vera at vigi, fo be an accessory in man-slaying ; (3) ellipt., vera at, fo be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir, er at voru at pina hann, who were tormenting him; var par at kona nokkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sar manna; (4) with proper names of places (farms); konungr at Danmorku ok Noregi, 47mg of; biskup at Hdlum, d¢shop of Hélar ; at Helga- felli, at Bergpdérshvali ; (5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a ferson’s) house; at hans (at zs house) gisti fj6lmenni mikit; at Mardar, at Mara’s home;

AT

at hins heilaga Olafs konungs, af S¢. Olave’s church; at Radnar, at Ran’s (abode). III, Of time; (1) at, t”; at upphaf, af first, in the beginning; at skilnadi, at parting, when they parted; at pdskum, a¢ Easter; at kveldi, af eventide; at pinglausnum, af the close of the Assembly; at fjoru, at the e66; at floedum, at the floodtide ; (2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’; at dri komanda, ext year; at vari, er kemr, next spring; generally with ‘komanda’ understood; at sumri, hausti, vetri, vari, ext summer, &C. ; (3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.; at sér lifanda, during his lifetime; at Ollum asjand- um. 2% the sight of all; at Aheyranda hofdingjanum, i# the hearing of the chief; at upprennandi sdlu, af sun- vise; at lidnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past; at honum éndudum, after his death; (4) denoting uninter- rupted succession, affer; hverr at 6drum, annarr at ddrum, one after another ; skildu menn at pessu, here- upon, after this; at pvi (thereafter) komu adrar meyjar. 1V. fig. and in various uses; (1) fo, éwto, with the notion of destruction or change; brenna (borgina) at dsku, fo durn to ashes; verda at ormi, fo become a snake; (2) for, as; gefa e-t at giéf, as a present; eiga e-n at vin, fo have one as friend ; (3) by; taka sverd at hjdltum, dy the Ault; draga ut bjorn- inn at hlustunum, dy the ears; kjdésa at afli, dlitum, dy strength, appear- ance; (4) as regards, as to; audigr at fé. wealthy in goods; veenn (fagr) at Aliti, far of face ; (5) as a law term, on the ground of, by reason of; rydja (to challenge) ddm at megdum, kvid at fraendsemi ; (6) as a paraphrase of a genitive; fadir, mdOir at barni (=barns, of @ child); adili at sdk =adili sakar; (7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of; hvitr, svartr, raudr at lit, white, black, red of colour; mikill, litill at steerd, vexti, tall, small of stature; tvitugr at

aldri, twenty years of age; kyr at|p

fyrsta, 60rum kdlfi, @ cow that has

Google

(21)

AT

calved once, twice; (8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from; Ari nam ok marga froedi at puridi (from her); piggija, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, /o rece.ve, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one; hafa veg (vi:ding) styrk at e-m, fo derive honour, power, from one; (9) according to, after (heygoér at fornum sid) ; at radi allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of; at lands- logum, éy the law of the land; at vanum, as was to be expected; at leyfi e-s, dy one’s leave; (10) in ad- verbial phrases; grdéa (vera groeddr) at heilu, fo de guite healed; bita af allt gras at sneggu, guite bare; at fullu, fcd/y; at visu, surely; at frjdlsu, . freely; at eilifu, for ever and ever; at rongu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly ; at liku, at sému, egzally, all the Same; at mun, at r46i, at marki, Zo a great extent. B. with acc, after, upon (=eptir); sonr 4 at taka arf at fodur sinn, Zo take the inheritance after his hie eiga férdnsdém at e-n, fo hold a court of execution upon a person; at pat (=eptir pat), after that, thereafter; connected with a past part. or adj., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamii; at Hrungni daudan, upon the death of Hrungnir. at, (1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, #0; at ganga, at rfda, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run; (2) in an objective sense; hann baud peim at fara, sitja, Ae bade (ordered) them to go, sit; gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, fo vive one to eat, to drink ; (3) denoting design or purpose, 72 order to (hann gekk f borg at kaupa silfr).

at, (1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, ¢he, all the, so much the; hon grét at meir, she wept the more; pykkir oss at Ifkara, a// the more likely; pi ert maOr at verri (so much the worse), er pu hefir petta melt; (2) rel. pron., who, which, that (=er); peir allir, at pau tfdindi heyréu, all those who heard; sem eim er titt, at (as 7s the custom of those who) kaupferdir reka.

AT

at, conj., ¢kat; (1) introducing a subjective or objective clause; pat var einhverju sinni, at Héskuldr hafdi vinabod, zt happened once that H.; vilda ek, at pu rédist austr { fjérdu, I should like you to go; (2) relative to ‘sv4’, denoting proportion, degree ; sv4 mikill lagama6r, at, so greata lawyer, that; (3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, 7# order that (skaru peir tyrir pd (vzz. hestana) melinn, at peir doei eigi af sulti); (4) sémce, be-

[22]

AT-FYLGJA

gesture (meS atburd kalladi hann mik til sin); var hén en frfdasta jung- fru ok vel at atbuidum, of good man- ners, well-bred,

at-binadr, m. proper outfit, equip- ment, &*c.; veita atbinad daudum moénnum, Zo fay out dead bodies.

at-djup, n. deep water close to shore; -djupr, a. deep close to the shore.

atdrattar-ma6r, m., mikill -madr, a good housekeeper.

at-drattr, m. provisions, supplies

cause, as (=pvf at); (5) connected | for household use; hafdi hann atdratt

with pd, pvfi, sv4; pd at (with subj.), though, although; pvi at, because, for; sva at, so that; (6) temp., pa at (=pa er), when; pegar at (=p. er), as soon as; par til at (=p. t. er), until, till; adr at (=a. en), before ; (7) used superfluously after an in- terrog. pron. or adv.; Olafr spurdi, hvern styrk at hann mundi f4 honum, what help he was likely to give him; in a relative sense; med fullkomnum Avexti, hverr at (which) pekkr ok pzegiligr mun verda.

at, negative verbal suffix,=-a; var- at, was not.

at, n. an incited conflict or fight (see etja); odda at, Yggs at, datile.

ata (ad), v. Zo stain, smear.

atall (étul, atalt), a. ferce; dtul augu, /erce, piercing eyes.

at-beini, m. assistance, help.

atbléstrar-mador, m. instigator.

atburda-lauss, a. eventless, un- eventful,

at-buroér, m. (1) occurrence, event; verdr sd atburdr, at, z¢ so happens that; drdp Bdrdar ok pd atburdi er par hétdu ordit, and the events that had happened there ; (2) incident, cir- cumstance; O. sagdi honum alla at- burOi (all the circumstances, par- ticulars) um sitt mal; f{ hverjum atburdum, under what circumstances ; me6é hverjum atburdum, t# what man- ner, how ; (3) chance, accident; sl{kt kalla ek atburd, en eigi jartegn, such a thing I call an accident, and not a miracle; af atbur6, by chance; acct- dentally ; med atburd, by chance; per- adventure, perhaps; (4) attack; (5)

Google

at peirra bul, Ae supplied their house- hold; atdreettir ok utvegar, ways and means.

at-dugnadr, m. assistance, help.

at-egejan, f. egging on, =deggjan,

at-fall, n. rising tide, flood-tide.

atfanga, gen. pl. from atfong, Jro- vistons; -dagr, m. -kveld, n. she day, or evening, preceding a church festival; atf. jdla, CAristinas Eve; -lauss, a. destitute of means of sub-~ ststence, without resources; -mabdr, m.=atdrdttarmaor.

atfara-laust, a.n. without onslaught or armed aggression (see atfor).

atfarar-domr, m. sentence of execu- tion (for payment) ; -ping, n. court of execution.

at-ferd, f. (1) proceeding, conduct, behaviour (skynsamlig atferd); vfik- jast eptir atferédum enna fyrri franda pinna, 40 follow their (good) example ; (2) activity, energy; (3) attack, as- Saul~; veita e-m atferd, Zo sel upon one; (4) a law term, execution (med démrofum ok atferdum).

atferSar-bot, f. zaprovement of con- duct; -g06r, a. well-behaved ; -leysi, n. inactivity, idleness; -madr, m. energetic man.

atferdligr, a. fi¢ or manly.

at-ferli, n. action, proceeding, pro- cedure’ hann spurdist fyrir um atferli heradsmanna, what they were doing; -flutning, f. conveyance fo a place, supply; -frétt, f. asking, inquiry.

atfréttar-madr, m. zzguirer (e-s, after something).

at-fundull, a. fault-jinding, cen- sorious; -fylgi, n., -fylgja, f. help,

AT-FYNDILIGR

backing, support; -fyndiligr, a. blameable, reprehensible; -fyndli, f. censoriousness; -foersla, f. exertion, activity.

atfoorslu-madr, m. a man of vigour.

at-for, f. (1) proceeding, method ; (2) attack; gera atfor at e-m, veita e-m atfér, to make an attack upon; (3) a law term, execution (démr ok atfor) ; -ganga, f. (1) attack, onslaught; veita e-m atgéngu, fo attack; (2) help, assistance; -gangr, m. (1) fighting, combat; (2) inroad, intrusion; veita e-m atgang, fo intrude upon; (3) help, co-operation.

atganga-mikill, a. energetic.

atgeirr, m. 42// or halberd.

atgengiligr, a. accepiadble, inviting.

at-ger6, at-gervi, see atgord, at- gorvi.

at-geyminn, a. careful, mindful, attentive; -geymsla, f. attention, heedfulness ; -gezla, f. care, caution.

at-ggr6, f. (1) achievement (pessa heims atgordir); (2) accomplishment, ability; (3) surgical operation (cf. gora at meini); (4) pl., measures, steps taken; liitlar atgordir, small measures; var eigi vant til atgorda, there were few expedients.

atg¢grda-lauss, a. inactive, idle; -laust er um e-t, #0 steps are taken; -maor, m. @ ready man.

atggrdar-maor, m. = atgervimadr ; emikill, a. active, energetic; -vinr, m. a friend in deed.

at-ggrvi, f. (or neut.), accomplish- ments, ability.

atgervi-madér or atg¢grvis-madr, m. a man of great (physical) accom- plishments.

athafnar-lauss a. inactive; -madr, m. an enterprising man.

at-hald, n. (1) constraint, restraint; (2) ascetic abstinence.

athalds-madr, m. ascetic; -taumr, m. constraining force.

at-hjakan, f. nursing, attendance on a sick person.

at-hlaup, n. onset, attack; { einu athlaupi, 2” one rush (ina battle) ; tokst nu pegar athlaup, a hand to hana fight.

at-hlatr, m. mockery, laughing-

Google

[28)

AT-KV ADI

stock; -hlosgi,n.= -hlatr ; -hlosgiligr, a. ridiculous.

athuga-lauss, a. Aeedless, careless ; -leysi, n. heedlessness ; -litill,a. rather heedless.

at-hugall, a. heedful, thoughtful, careful.

athuga-madr, m. devout person; -samliga, adv. attentively; -samligr, a. (1) attentive; (2)=-verdr; -samr, a. heedful, attentive; -verSr, a. worthy of attention.

at-hugi, m. atiention, meditation; af dllum athuga, carefully ; flytja fram boenir sfnar med athuga, with devo- tion; leida e-t athuga, fo refiect upon, to take into consideration, athugliga, adv. attentively.

at-hvarf, n. courteous attentions to any one, in the phrases, ggra e-m athvarf, gora at athvarfi vid e-n. at-hyggja, f. attention (med allri hug- arins athyggju); -hygli, f. Aeedful- ness, attentiveness ; -hyllast, v. refl., to cultivate one’s friendship; to side with (e-n); -hefi, n. conduct, beha- viour, proceeding ({ Sllu sfnu athzfi) ; -hefiligr, a. fit, fitting; -héfn, f. (1) doings, business; fengin var beim Onnur athdfn, occupation; (2) beha- viour, conduct; -kall, n. demand, claim; -kast, n. rebuke, reproach.

atkeri, m. anchor; see ‘akkeri’.

at-koma, -kvaéma, f. (1) arrival; (2) pain, visitation; -kominn, pp. situated (vel, illa atkominn).

atkveda-lauss, a. unimportant, of no consequence; -madr, m. a man of importance; -mikill, a. of weight, influential.

at-kve6i, n. (1) technical term; skal scekja sem pjéfssék fyrir utan atkvaedi, with exception of the technical terms, without calling it theft; (2) word, expression ; (3) sound, pronunciation (atkvedi nafns hvers peirra); (4) dectsion; var pvf vikit til atkveda Mardar, referred to Alard’s dectsion; S. veitti atkvaedi (ordered, decreed), at hetta skyldi 4verkum; af atkvadi gudanna, dy the gods’ decree; (5) spell, charm; atkvedi Finnunnar, the spell of the Finnish witch.

AT-LAGA

at-laga, f. (1) daying the ships along- side for attack ina sea-fight, attack, assault (also on land); (2) Andis without notion of fight (jarl skipadi sv4 fyrir um atléguna).

at-lat, n. compliance; atlat synda, indulgence in sin.

atlatsamr, a. compliant (e-u).

atl.gu-skip, n. a ship engaged in battle.

atmelazamr, a. fault finding.

at-meli, n. d/ame, censure; -rs, f. charge, attack ; -rei6,f. (1) riding at; (2) charge of horse.

atreiSar-ass, m. guintain-post.

at-rekandi, m. vigorous efforts, great exertions.

at-renna, f. running knot, noose, slip-knot.

atrennu-lykkja, f. = atrenna.

at-ré6r, m. (1 rowing towards; (2) rowing against the enemy (to make an attack).

atsamr, tious,

at-seta, f. restdence ; hafa atsetu e-s stadar, fo reside, esp. of kings; -setr, n,=-seta.

a-skelking, f. derision, ridicule.

atsk ljanligr, a. various, different.

atskjaldadr, a. covered with shields.

atskjotaér. a. situated; illa atskjét- adr, dadly off.

at-sokn, f. (1) onslaught, attack; (2) run of visitors or guests seeking hospitality (f6ng voru litil, en atsokn mikil).

atsoknar-maor, m. ageressor.

at-spurning, f. zxguiry; leida at- spurningum um e-6, Zo make inguiries about a thing.

at-stada, f. (1) assistance, support; (2) zeal; (3) tamportunity, obtrusion ; -staddr, a. situated, circumstanced (vel, illa atstaddr); -stu®ning, f. -stuOningr, m., -stcd, f. support, assistance; -sagr, m., only in the phrase, bora frekan atsug til e-s, fo lay vigorous claim to; -svif, n. inci- dent, bearing; -tekinn, pp.=-staddr ; -tekt, f. state, condition.

at-tonn, f. ¢«sé,=vigt6nn (cf. at, n.).

at-veizla, f. assistance (cf. ‘veita

a. gtarrelsome, conten-

Google

[24]

AUD-KENDR

at’); -verknadr, m. work, esp. in haymaking; var Porgunnu ztlat nauts- f65r til atverknadar, fo toss and dry it.

at-vik, n. (1) esp. in plur., detaz/s, particulars ; eptir atvikum, according to the circumstances of the case; greina e-t med atvikum, céircumstantially; (2) concession; (3) onset, assault,= atvigi.

at-vinna, f. (1) asststance, support ; (2) means of subsistence.

atvinnu-lauss, a. without means of subsistence,

at-vist, f. presence, esp. the act of being present ata crime; vera { atsdkn ok atvist, fo be present and a par- faker in the onslaught; atvistar -maor, m. aider and abettor.

at-vig', n. onset, onslaught.

atyréa (-rda, -rér), v. to rebuke; -yr6i, n. pl. abusive words.

auS- adverbial prefix to a great many adjectives, adverbs, and participles (opp. to tor-), easily; -beSinn, pp. eastly persuaded; -boenn, a. easily moved by entreaty ; -boattr, pp. easily compensated for; -eggjaSr, pp. easily egged on; -fenginn, pp., -fengr, a. easy to get; -fundinn, pp., -fyndr, a. easy to find; -fundit (-fynt), easy fo perceive, clear; -foerr, a. (1) easy to pass (-foerr vegr) ; (2) eastly accessible.

audga (a6), v.20 enrich (a. e-n e-u) ; refl., audgast, fo grow wealthy,

aud-gengr, a. easy to pass (stigr -gengr); -geetligr, a., -geatr, a. casy fo get; -gorr, pp. castly done; -heyrt, pp. n. eastly heard, clear.

au6-hof, n., -hooefi, n. pl. riches,= audcefi.

audigr and audugy, a. rich, wealthy (a, at fé); skip mikit ok audigt, wth a rich lading.

audit, pp. n. of an obs. verb; e-m verOr e-s au., 2¢ falls to one's lot; oss var6 eigi peirrar hamingju au., zhis good fortune was not destined for us; po at mér veri lffs au., though life be granted to me; hafdi peim ordit sigrs au., they had won the day; vard peim eigi erfingja au., to them no hetr was granted; au, fé, means possessed,

au6-kendr, pp. easy to recognize, of

AUD-KENNTI

distinguished appearance; n. mark, distinction; -kenniligr, a. easy to recognize; -keyptr, pp. easily bought, cheap; -kjorinn, pp. easily chosen, easy to decide on; -kumall, a. tender, delicate, easily hurt or wounded; -kumall { skapi, zvritable ; -kvaddr, pp. eastly moved (varu menn til bess -kvaddir).

au6-kvisa, f., -kvisi, m.; see ‘au- kvisi’.

aud-kv@edr, a. easily talked over, easily moved, pliable.

auo-kymli, f. weakness (pd& varp hon af sér -kymli konunnar).

auo-kyfingr, m. a man of great wealth.

auo-lattr, pp. easily kept in check; -latinn, pp. of easy, affable manners, complaisant.

aud-legs, f. wealth, riches; -madr, m. wealthy man; -mildingr, m. generous, free-handed man.

aud-mjukliga, adv. (1) humbly ; (2) easily; -mjukligr, a. Aumble (aud- mjikligt boenarbréf); -mjukyr, a, (1) humble, meek; (2) pliable, docile; -munaor, pp. easily remembered ; -mykja (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to humble; aud-mykja sik, to humble oneself; (2) to make pliable ; -mykt, f. meekness, humility.

autn, f. (1) wilderness, desert (dfceri- ligar auOnir) ; (2) exinhabited and un- cultivated tract of land, waste (byg- Sust p& margar audnir landsins); (3) deserted farm or habitation (sa beer hét sfSan 4 Hrappstédum, bar er nu audn); (4) desolation; riki mitt stendr mjék til audnar, zs in a state of desolation ; liggja (leggja) { audn, Zo lie (to lay) waste; (5) destruction (au6n borgarinnar).

autna, f. (1) fate; a. mun pvi r4da, Fate must settle that; (2) good for- tune; med audnu peirri, at porkatli var lengra Iffs audit, dy that good fortune that longer life was destined for Thorkel.

audna, f. desolation, =audn.

autna (ad), v. impers. Zo fall out by fate; ef honum audnadi eigi aptr at koma, if he did not have the good

Google

(25]

AUDUGR

-kenni, , fortune to return; ef gud vill, at bess

audni, that it shall succeed; sem audnar, as luck decides. audnar-glutr, n. sguandering, pro- digality; -hus, n. deserted house; -maor, m. destroyer; -o8al, n. zm- poverished estate; -sel, n. deserted shieling; -stadr, m. a desert place. audnu-lauss, a. /uckless; -madr, m. ducky man, favourite of fortune ; -samliga, adv. fortunately. aut-nemiligr, a. easy to learn. aud-nemr, a. easily learned, soon got by heart. audr, a. empty, void, desolate; hisin voru aud, uninhabited; aud skip (=hrodin), empty ships, all the crew being slain or put to flight; a. af monnum, void of people; a, at yndi, devoid of pleasure, cheerless. auor, m. riches, wealth; audr fjdr, great wealth; audr er valtastr vina, wealth ts the ficklest of friends. auo-ras, n. wealth, =aubreoi. aus-radinn, pp. (1) easily explained (of a dream) ; (2) easy to manage (of a boat); -rd6r, a. pliable, yielding. aud-rann, n. rich house; -1@0i, n. pl. means, property, wealth; ~-salir, m, pl. rick (splendid) halls. aud-sénn, pp. easily seen, evident; -skilligr, a. easy to understand; -skreidr, a.=Orskreidr; -skoedr, a. easily damaged, delicate, tender; -sdttligr, a. (1) easy to perform, an easy task (pétti betta eigi vera -sdtt- ligt) ; (2) that can eastly be taken by Jorce (borg -séttlig); -sdttr, pp. easy fo win (mal -sott) ; audsottr til boena, pliable, yielding. aud-stafr, m. poet. wealthy man, aud-sveipr, a. p/iable, yielding. aud-syna (-da, -dr), v. fo show, exhibit; refl.,-synast, fo appear clear- ly ; -syniliga, adv. c/early ; -syniligr, a. evident, clear; -syning, f. making evident, explanation; -synn, a. easily seen, clear, evident; -esligr, a. =-syniligr; -e~@r, a.=-synn; -trua, a. indecl., -tra@inn, a. credulous; -tryggi, f. simplicity, credulity ; -tryger, a. stmple-hear ted, creduleus. audugr, a.; see ‘audigr’.

AUD-VELDA

aud-velda (ad), v. fo make easy, take lightly.

audvelda-verk, n. a# easy task. auo-veldi, n. eas.iress, factlity; med -veldi, easily; -veldliga, adv. (1) easily, lightly; taka -veldliga 4 e-u, to make light of; (2) without re- luctance, willingly; -veldligr, a. easy to overcome (hversu -veldlig su borg var); -veldr, a. -velliligr, a. (1) easy; (2) compliant.

aud-virda, &c.; see ‘afvirda’. aud-vitad, pp. n. easy to know, clear, evident; -vist, a. n.,=-vitad.

au6-prifligr, a. weakly, feeble. aud-cefi,n.pl.opulence, wealth, riches. aufi, inter}. woe/ alas/; a. mér or a. mik, woe ts me/

aufusa or aufisa, f. thanks, gratt- tude, satisfaction, pleasure; kunna e-m aufdsu fyrir e-t, to be thankful, obliged to one, for a thing; gefa e-m aufusu, 4o thank; e-m er au. 4 e-u, one ts pleased, gratified, with; ef yor er par nékkur au. 4, gf zt be any pleasure to you; var ménnum mikil au. 4 pvi, were much pleased by it. aufasu-gestr, m. a welcome guest, opp. to ‘andvara-gestr’; -lauss, a. ungrateful, unthankful; -ord, n. thanks ; -svipr, m. friendly mien. auga (gen. pl. augna), n. eye; luka (bregda) upp augum, bregda augum { sundr, to open (lift up) the eyes; lika aptr augum, fo shut the eyes; renna (bregda, leida) augum til e-s, to turn the eycs to; \eida e-n augum, to measure one with the eyes; berja augum fe-t, fo fake into consideration ; koma augum 4 e-t, fo set eyes on, become aware of; hafa augu 4 e-u, Zo have, keep, an eye upon; segja e-m e-t { augu upp, Zo one’s face, right in the face; unna e-m sem augum f hofdi sér, as one’s own eye-balls; e-m vex e-t {augu, ome has scruples about ; nait er nef augum, ¢ke nose is neigh- bour to the eyes ; gloggt er gests augat, a guest's eye ts sharp; morg eru dags augu, the day has many eyes; eigi leyna augu, ef ann kona manni, ¢he eyes cannot hide it tifa woman love a man; (2) hole, aperture in a needle

Google

[26]

AUKA

(ndlarauga), in a millstone (kvarnar- auga) or an axe-head ; (3) #77 full of water.

auga-bora, f. socket of the eye; -brag6, n. (1) twinkling A an eye, moment; 4 einu augabrag6i, in the twinkling of an eye; (2) glance, look ; snart -bragd, a keen glance; hafa -brag6 af e-u, 4 e-u, fo cast a look at; (3) @ butt for ridicule ; hafa e-n at -brag6i, to make sport of, to ridicule ; verda at -brag6i, fo become a laughing- stock; -brag®ligr, a. (1) momentary ; (2) instantaneous; -stadr, m. socket of the eye; -steinn, m. apfp/e (or pupil) of the eye.

aug-braé, f. eye-lashes; -dapr, a. weak-sighted ; -fagr, a.=augnafagr ; -lit, n. face, countenance ; fyrir (or {) guds augliti, before the face of God; -ljés, n., in the phrase, koma { -lids, to come to light, appear; -\jOss, a. clear, mantfest.

augna-bending, f. a warning look or glance; -bragd, n.=augabragd ; -fagr, a. fair-eyed, having beautiful eyes; -fullr, a. fud/ of eyes; -gaman, n. delight of the eyes; -karl, m. pan of the hip-joint; -kast, n. wild glance; -lag, n. /ook; -mein, n. disease of the eye; -myrkvi, m. dtim- ness of the eye; -sjéldr, n. eyeball, pupil; -sko’, n. (1) look, | aseg of the eye; (2) measure by the eye (at augnaskoti); -stadr, m.=augastaOr ; -sveinn, m. a lad leading a blind man; -verkr, m. pain in the eye; -pungi, m. heaviness of the eve. aug-sjandi, pr. p. seeing with one’s own eyes; at augsjandum postulum sinum, im sight of his apostles ; -ajon, f.=augsyn; -surr, a. dlear-eyed.= sireygr; -syn, f. sight; koma { -syn e-m, ¢o appear before him; { -syn e-m, in the face of ; -synast (da), v. refl. to appear clearly; -syniliga, adv, vistbly; -syniligr, a. visible; -synn, a.=au6-synn, aug-ljdss.

auk, adv. and conj. (1) destdes,=at auki (hundrad manna ok auk kappar hans) ; (2) a/so,=ok.

auka (eyk, jék, jokum, aukinn), v. (1) to augment, increase (a. virding

AUKA

e-s ; a. ett sina; a. vandrxdi); £0 pro- long (a. ping); aukanda ferr um e-t, something goes on increasing; eigi er pat aukit (#¢ ¢s no exaggeration) pé at hann sé sagdr rfkastr madr 4 Islandi; ordum aukit, exaggerated ; aukin (ore than) prji hundrud manna ; (2) Zo add, with dat. (jék ek pvi es mér var6 sidar kunnara); a. synd 4 synd ofan, fo heap sin upon Sit; a.e-u vid, Zoadd; aukast ordum vid, fo come to words, to converse; with acc., a. ny vandredi (=nyjum vandrzedum) 4 hin fornu, to add new difficulties to the old ones; impers., jok stérum um hans harm, Azs grie increased greatly; (3) to surpass, ex- ceed; pat er eykr sex aura,p4 4 konungr halft pat er eykr, if 7¢ exceeds six ounces, the king takes half the excess.

auka (a6), v. (a Norse form) = the preceding.

auka-g¢r6, f. unnecessary work.

auka-hlutr, m., at -hlut, 22 addition, to boot, =at auk.

aukan, f. tucrease, augmentation.

auka-nafn, n. nickname, additional name; -smii, n. superfluous thing; -tungl, n. itercalary moon ; -verk, n. superfluous work,

auki, m. (1) addition, increase (a. fagnadar, pinsla); verda at moldar auka, to become dust, todie; til auka, in addition, to boot ; foerast {alla auka (afls sins), fo exert to the utmost one’s bodily strength; (2) seed, progeny, offspring (eigi gaft pd mér auka edr afkvzeemi) ; (3) produce of the earth ; (4) interest of capital.

auk-nefna (-da, -dr), v. fo nick- name; -nefni, n. contemptuous name, nickname (eigi em ek bastarér nema at -nefni, of William the Conqueror).

aukning, f. zmcrease.

aukvisi, m. degenerate person, laggard (einn er au. zttar hverrar).

auma, f. misery, in the phrase, sj4 aumu oy aumur 4 e-m, fo take pity upon ; cf. ‘arma’.

aum-hjartadr, charitable.

aumingi (-ja), m. miserable person, wretch (guds auming)).

a. tender-hearted,

Google

[27]

AUSA

aumka (a8), v. 40 comméserate, to Jeel pity for (a person, &c.).

aumkan, f. /amentation, wailing.

aum-leikr, m. misery, wretchedness ; cliga, adv. Piteously, wretchedly; -ligleikr, m.= -leikr ; -ligr, a. poor, miserable (aumligr ok hérmuligr).

aumr, a. poor, miserable, unhappy, wretched.

aum-s‘addr, pp. 7” a poor, wretched State; miserably situated.

aura-, gen. pl. from aurar; see ‘eyrir’.

aura-dagr, m. fay-day; -lag, n. standard of money ; -lén, n. worldly luck; -logan, f. squandering of money, profuseness; -lykt, f. pay- ment; -akortr, m. scarctty of money ; -taka, f. receipt of money.

aur-bor6, n. /he second plank from the keel of a boat.

aur-gaéti, m.; see ‘grgati’.

aurigr (acc. aurgan), a. clayey, muddy.

aurr, m. moist earth, cluy, mud (aurr etr iljar, en ofan kuldi).

aurriéa-bekkr, m. ¢rout-stream; -fiski, n. ¢rout-jishery; -net, n. trout- net; -vatn, n. a dake with trout.

aurridi, m. sa/mon-trout.

aur-skor, m. ‘mud-shoe’, horse- shoe; -skri8a, f. landslip.

ausa (eys. jos, josum, ausinn), v. lo sprinkle, pour, with dat.; per taka hvern dag vatn { brunninum ok ausa (viz. pvi) upp yfir askinn, pour tt over the ash-tree; a. sild or netjum, ¢0 empty the nets of the herrings; fig.,a. sauri 4 e-n, fo despatter with abuse; a, e-m e-u i augu upp, fo throw...in one's face; (2) a. e-n (or e-t) e-u, fo besprinkle with a thing; a.e-n moldu, to sprinkle with earth, to bury; a, barn vatni, a sort of baptism in the heathen age (Sigurdr jarl jés sveininn vatni ok kallaéi Hdkon); (3) with acc., fo bale; a. skip upp, Zo dale the ship out; fig.,a. bat sinn, fo make water; (4) ot a horse, fo &ick or lash out with the hind legs.

ausa, f. /ad/e; ekki er enn sopit, pd { ausuna sé komit, ¢here’s many a slip "twixt the cup and the lip.

AUS-KER

aus-ker, n.=austrs-ker,.

ausli, m.; see ‘auvisli, usli’.

austan, adv. /rom the east ; Aaustan, blowing from east; fyrir austan (as a prep. with acc.), east of; (2) without motion, o2 the eastern side (prji hid voru austan 4 borginni) ; (3) with gen., fo the east of (austan dArinnar ; austan fjardar),

austan-fer6, f. journey from the east; -gola,f. light Ips fromthe east; -kvama, f. arrival from the east; -mar®6, m. aman from the east ;-vedr, n. easterly gale; -verdr, a. eastern, easterly; -vindr, m. cast wind.

(28)

AY

austr-ligr. a. eastern.

austr-lond, n. pl. the East.

aus‘r-mal, n. turn at baling.

austr-oka ad), v. fo lavish, squander (-oka fé sinu).

austr-riki, n. the eastern empire, esp. the east of Europe; also of Asia.

our n. the baling-place in a ship.

austrs-ker, n. scoop, bucket for bal- ing out water.

austr-vegr, m. the east, esp. the east- ern Baltic, Russia.

austrvegs-konungr, m. fing of Russia; -konungar, the three kings

austar-liga, adv., -ligr,a. easter/y. | from the east; -maSr, m. inhabitant

austarr, adv. compar. more fo the east; austast, adv. superl. zost fo the east; austastr, a. superl. most easterly, easternmost.

aust-firdingr, m. one from the east of Iceland; -firSir, m. pl. the east firths of Iceland; -firzkr, a. from the east Jirths (in Iceland).

aust-ker, n.=austrs-ker.

aust-madr, m. ‘eastman’, a man Jrom the east; in Iceland and in the Orkneys, a man from Norway.

austr, n. (1) the east (sol i austri; til austrs); (2) as adv., 72 the east (ek var a. ok dna vardak); towards the east (pu vart a. sendr).

of the austrvegr.

austr-@tt, f. eastern region of the heaven, east.

aust-roenn, a. eastern, coming from the east; -roen gola, easterly breeze ; -reenn madr=austmadr; -roenn vidr, timber from Norway.

aust-skota. f. scoop, = austrs-ker.

auvi, inter], a/as/=aufi (auvi mér veslugri).

auvirdast (aS). v. refl., fo decome worthless, =afvirdast.

auvirdi, n. (1) worthless wretch; (2) a law term, damage, anything tm- pairing the value of a thing.

auvirSiligr, a. worthless, wretched.

austr (-r3 or -rar), m. (1) ¢he act of| auvirdis-mabdr, m. a worthless

baling out water; standa { austri, to be engaged in baling; (2) bilge-water (skipit fullt af austri).

austr-att, f.=austrett.

au tr-biti, m. a cross-beam near the baling-place (in a ship).

austrfarar - knorr, m., vessel bound for the haltic.

austr-ferd, -for, f. voyage to the east, esp. to Russia or the eastern Baltic.

austr-halfa, f. (1) the eastern part ; hennar (of Europe) -halfa; (2) Asia (=austr-hdlfa heimsins).

austrhalfu-lyr, m., -pjo6, f. people of the east.

austr-kendr, a. easter/y (var vebrit austrkennt).

austr-ker, n. scoop, =austrs-ker.

-skip, n.

Google

wretch.

auviréskapr, m. worthlessness.

auvisla-bot, f. compensation for damage.

auvisli (af, vesall), m., contr. ausli, usli; (1) a law term, damage; beeta auvisla, fo pay compensation for dam- age done; (2) hurt, injury in general; setja undan Ollum auvisla, Zo get off unscathed,

ax, n. ear of corn,

axar-, see ‘ @xar-’.

ax-helma, f. sta/k and ear of corn.

axlar-bein, n. shoulder-bone, shoul- der-blade; -liSr, m. shoulder-joint.

axl-byror, f. Joad borne on the shoul- der (6x1); -ha&r, a. as high as a man's shoulder (axlhar e-m).

ay, interj.=auvi (ay mér veslugri).

[29]

A

&, prep., A. with dat. I. of place; {of the possessive pron. or a genitive ; (1) on, upon, in; 4 golf, on the floor;|hann rétti 4 sér fingrna, he stretched

4 hendi, on the hand (of aring) ; Asja ok landi, o” sea and land; 4 bédkum enskum, 7” English books; 4 himni, in heaven; & jdrdbu, on earth; hafa lykil 4 sér,. .. 0” one’s person; veraa ping], fo be present at a meeting ; vera 4 skdgi, fo be out in a forest (of a hunter, robber, deer); pzer eyjar liggja 4 Breidafirdi,...%% Broadfirth ; (2) in connexion with proper names of countries, esp. those ending in ‘-land’, i#; 4 Englandi, [rlandi. Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Grcoenlandi, Islandi, &c.,4 Meeri, Ogdum, Fjélum ; 4 Myrum (in Iceland); 4 Finnmork, 4 Fjoni (a Danish island), but { Dan- mérk, Svipjéd ; also before names of Icel. farms denoting open spaces; 4 Porisst66um, 4 Méddruvéllum, 4 Fit- jum. II. of time; (1) dusting, in the course of; 4 nott, dy night; 4 degi, by day; 4 pvi 4ri, vari, sumri, 2” tha year, spring, summer, 4 prem sum- rum, 72 the course of three summers; var hann 4 fam dégum heill, wzthin few days; 4 dégum e-s, tn the days of,

his fingers, fotrinn 4 honum, Aés foot ; { v6runum 4 honum, i” his Lips; stafn, skutr, drar, segl 4 skipi, the stem, stern, oars, sail of a ship ; bl6d A tré, Jeaves of a tree; egg Asverdi= sverdsegg; (4) denoting instru- mentality, dy, dy means of; afla fyar 4 hdélmgéngum, 40 make money by duelling ; fella e-n 4 bragdi,... dy a trick (in wrestling); komast undan 4 fidtta, to escape by fight; (5) with numerals; a4 pridja_ tigi manna, between twenty and thirty; & niunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age; 4 6dru hundradi skipa, with above a hundred sail; (6) in many 'adverbial phrases; 4 lif, alive; a brautu, away; 4 floti, afloat; 4 milli, between; A laun, secretly; A méti, against; denda, at an end; A flugi, a-flying,in the air; 4 gangi, walking; 4 skjalh, a-shivering; 4 hleri, a- listening; 4 veiSum, a-hunting; 4 beit, a-grazing; (7) used absol. in reference to the air or the weather; poka var 4 mikil, a thick fog was on;

in his reign or time; (2) used cf a|allhvast 4 nordan, very strong breeze fixed recurrent period or season; 4|/rom the north; gordi 4 regn, rain

vdarum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, every spring, summer, &c.; 4 kveld- um, 22 fhe evening; prisvar 4 4ri, manudi, three times a year, a month. IIL. fig. and in various relations ; (1) denoting personal relation, 27, Zo, towards; boeta e-t 4 e-m, fo make umends to one (personally); sj4 4 e-m, to read on or in one’s face; hafa elsku (hatr) 4 e-m, Zo bear love (hatred) to one; rjifa sett 4 e-m, to break a truce on one; (2) with a reflexive pron., denoting personal appearance, temper, look; vera pungr, léttr 4 sér, 20 be heavy or light (either bodily or mentally) ; kdtr ok léttr 4 sér, of a gay and light disposi- tion ; pat bragd haf6i hann 4 seér, he sooked as if; syna fdleika 4 sér, fo show displeasure; (3) as periphrasis

Google

came on. B.with acc. I. of place; (1) indicating direction with or with- out motion, fowards, to, on, upon; ganga 4 land, ¢o go ashore; ganga 4 skég, zfo the wood; stiga a4 skip, fo go on board; & bxbi bord, on both sides (of the ship); 4 hlid, sédew7se; hoggva 4 tvzer hendr, fo hew or strike right and left; stefna 4 fotinn, fo az at the foot; gekk vedrit 4 vestr, the wind veered to the west; harit ték ofan 4 belti, seached down to the belt ; reka austr 4 haf, fo drift eastwards on the sea ; (2) in some cases the acc. is used instead of the dat., esp. with verbs denoting Zo hear or fo see; peir s4 boda mikinn inn 4 fjérdinn, they saw great breakers away in the firth; with phrases denoting /o ée placed, seated, to sit, the seat is freq. in

4

A

acc.$ sitja 4 midjan bekk, fo be seated on the middle bench; skyldi konungs szti vera 4 pann bekk ; (3) denoting parts of the body ; bfta e-n 4 barka, to bite one in the throat; skera e-n a hdls, fo cut one's throat; kalinn 4 kné, frozen (frost-bitten) up to the knee. II. of time; (1) connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons’ with the article ; 4 kveldit, every evening ; 4 sumarit, every summer; 4 vetrinn, in the winter-time; the plur., how- ever, is much more common in such cases; 4 nztrnar, by night, everynight; 4 morgnana, i2 the morning, every morning; akveldin, t2 the evening; 4 varin,n spring; 4 sumrin,tn summer ; 4 haustin, 2 autumn (cf. A. II. 1.); ‘dagr’is always used in sing. with the art. suffixed; 4 daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn; (2) denoting a movement onward in time; er leid 4 vetrinn (daginn, kveldit, ndéttina), as the winter, &c., wore on. III. fig. and in various relations; (1) om, upon, to; bjdda véxtu 4 féit, to offer interest on the money; f4 4 e-n, to make an im- pression upon; koma 4 roedu vid e-n, to enter into talk widtyto speak with ; (2) of colour, complexion, t” respect of, in regard to; hvitr, jarpr, dekkr 4 har, having white, brown, dark hair; dokkr 4 horund, of dark com- phlexion ; (3) denoting shill, dexterity ; hagr 4 tré, a good carpenter; hagr 4 jarn, mdlm, an expert worker in iron, metals; fimr 4 boga, good at the bow ; meistari 4 hérpusldtt, a@ master in harp-playing; mikill 4 {prott, highly accomplished ; froedimadr 4 landndms- ségur ok forna froedi, @ great scholar in history and antigu ties ; (4) denot- ing dimensions; &hz6 (lengd, breidd, dypt), 72 height (length, breadth, depth) ; (§) denoting zxstrumentality ; bjargast 4 sinar hendr, fo dive on the work of one's own hands; vega a skdlir, fo weigh in scales; nefna e-n 4 nafn, dy mame; (6) denoting man- mer; A pessa lund, tz this wise; 4 marga (ymsa, alla) vega, zm many (varicus, all) respects; esp. of a

Google

[80]

ABURDAR-SAMR

language ; mela, rita 4 e-a tungu, fo speak, write in a tongue, 4 Irsku, in /rish; (7) in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann lét ekki 4 sik finna, Ae showed no sign of motion; (8) in distributive sense; skal mork kaupa geezlu 4 ki edr oxa, a mark... for every cow ; (9) connected with nouns, in prepositional and ad- verbial phrases; 4 hendr e-m, against; 4 heela e-m, af one's heels, close behind; & bak e-m, at the back of, behind; 4 braut, away; 4 vixl, so as to Cross, cross-wise,

& (gen. ar, pl. dr, gen. 4, dat. dm), f. river; hér kemr 4 til seevar, here the river runs into the sea, fig.,=this 1s the very end.

4-auki, m. (1) increase; (2) interest of money, yield, profit; (3) reward.

&-austr (-rs), m. abusive language.

&-barning, f. (1) thrashing, flogging (=barsm{5); (2) assault (of the Evil One), temptation,

4-batan, f.=dbati.

&-bati, m. profit, gain.

&-bersemi, f. disposition to accuse.

4-bldsinn, pp. zmsfired (bék gudliga Ablasin).

a-blasning, f. (1) breathing upon (med elds 4.) ; (2) gramm., aspiration ; (3) inspiration; &-blastr, m. (1) breathing upon; (2) tnspiration,

abota-doemi, n. abbacy, abbotship ; -kosning, f. election of an abbot; -ligr, a. abbatial; -3sonr, m. son of an abbot; -atétt, f. the rank, dignity of an abbot; -stofa, f. adbbot’s parlour ; -seti, n. seat of an abbot; -vald, n. the power, dignity of an abbot.

&bo:a-vant, a. n. in need of im- provement, imperfect (par er honum potti -vant um kristnihaldit).

aboti, m. addoz. 4-breia, f., 4-breizl, n. ded-cover- ing, counterpane.

a-bradigr, a.=afbridigr; abrySa, v.=afbryda; 4-brySi, f.=afbrydi.

A&burdar-kledi, n. pl. fie clothes, showy adress; -kona, f. a showy, dressy woman; -madr, m. showy person, dandy ; -mikill, a. puffed up, showy; -samligr, -samr, a. showy.

4-BURDR

&-burér, m. (1) charge; (2) salve, ointment, (3) pom dress (cf. ‘berast mikit 4’).

&-bad, f.(1) tenancy; ef land spillist { 4bu6 hans, during his tenancy; (2) duties of a tenant.

&badar-mabr, m. an inhabitant; -skylda, f. duties of a tenant.

a-bunadr, m. tenancy (=4bi8).

a-byrg6, f. responsibility; vera { 4. um e-t, fo be responsible for; vera 6r a. um e-t, fo be exempt from responst-

[31]

A-GANGR i-egeja (ad), v. fo egg or urge on, to

or bravery in| exhort (4. e-m).

f-eggjan, f. egeing on, instigation.

déegejanar-fifl, n. a fool or fool Eged on by another (hafa e-n at -fifli); -greinir, f. pl. exhortations; -Op, n. encouraging shout.

d-eggjari, m. instigator (deggijari gloepa).

&fa, f. disturbance, quarrel, strife.

&-fall, n. (1) heavy sea (dashing over a ship); (2) law term, zmposition of a

bility in a case; hafa mikit { 4. ¢o|/me (4. sektar); (3) =dfelli, calamzty,

have much at stake; e-t er i dbyrgd- um vid mik, / am responsible for it.

abyrgSar-fullr, a. full of responst- bility, responsible; -hiutr, m. ax object, matter involving risk and responstbility; -lauss, a. irresponsi- ble, free from risk; -litill, a. involv- ing little risk; -ré8, n. responsible step; -samligr, a. momentous, very zmportant.

a-byrgja (-Sa, -Sr), v. to make one answerable for (4.e-m e-t or e-t 4 hendi e-m); refl., dbyrgjast e-t, zo answer for, warrant,

&-bosli, n. tenancy, farm, =ab65.

&San, adv. (1) defore (léngu 4.); (2) @ little while ago (Kolr for fra seli 4.).

Sr, adv. (1) already (ek hef 4ér radit brullaup mitt); (2) defore, hére- tofore ; \itlu (léngu) 4., @ déttle whtle (long) before; (3) =d46r en, previous to the time when, before, ere; peir héfdu skamma hrfd setid 4. par kom Gunnhildr, they had sat but a short

while before G. came; dou margir 4.

peir koemi til fyrirheitsjaréar, defore they came to the land of promise ; (4) until, till (pat var svipstund ein 4. stofan brann); (5) sem 4., neverthe- less, for all that (hén bad hann pat eigi gera, en hann tekr hana sem 4.). a-dreifing, f. sprinkling upon. Adr-nefndr, pp. before mentioned. &-drykkja f. the act of drinking to; sitja fyrir ddrykkju e-s, Zo sit over against one as his drinking-mate (regarded as a mark of honour). 4-drykkr, m. a wave dashing over a ship.

Google

visitation.

&falls-domr, m. sentence of condem- nation or punishment.

é-fang, n. (1) /aying hands upon, rough handling (var6 hann _ fyrir miklu spotti ok dfangi); (2) mudct, jime, incurred by illegal seizure of another man’s goods; sex aura 4,, a fine of six ounces.

4-fangi, m.=dfang 2.

4-fangr, m.; see di-vangr.

&-fastr, a. fastened to, joined to,

a-fatt, a. n. defective, faulty.

4-felli, n. calamity; standa undir dfelli, to be under great hardship ; hvert 4. jarl hafdi veitt honum, what penalties the earj~had laid on him.

afellis-démr, m. condemnation.

&-fenginn, pp., -fengr, a. i#/oxicat- ing (4. mjdér, drykkr}.

4-flog, n. pl. drawl, fighting.

4-form, n. arrangement.

&-forma (ad), v. fo arrange about a thing (um e-t).

&-fram, adv. forward, onward; féll hann 4., on” ‘the face; komst aldri lengra 4. fyrir honum um skaldskap- inn, ke mever got any further in his verse-making; héldu peir 4. leidina, they held forward on their way.

4-fra, prep. from, =frd (4. peim degi).

4-fryja, v.=fryja 4 e-n.

&-fryja, f. reproach, rebuke.

&-fysi, f. gratification, satisfaction (oss er engi 4. at).

&-foera (-Sa, -Sr), v. 20 reproach,

a-ganga, f.=dgangr (veita e-m Ag6ngu).

a-gangr, m. molestation, annoyance, assault, aggression.

AGANG-SAMR

&gang-samr, a. aggressive.

égangs-madr, m. an aggressor (vid mina 4gangsmenn).

4-gaud, f. barking (at one) ; abusive language; veita e-m mikla dgaud, to abuse grossly.

a-gengiligr, a. acceptable, agreeable.

&-gengt, a.n., e-m verdr dgengt, one is exposed to Agangr.

&-gildi, n. value of a ewe (zr).

&-gildr, a. of a ewe's value.

a-girnast (d), v. refl. fo covet, lust after (Agirnast e-t=girnast 4 e-t); a- girnd, f. (1) ardent desire, ambition ; (2) cupidity, avarice (hann hafdi dregit undir sik Finnskattinn med Agirnd).

agirndar-bal, n., -eldr, -logi, m. Jiame of ambition or cupidity ; -léstr, m. vice (passion) of avarice.

&-girni, f. (1) ambition; (2) greed, cupidity.

égirnis-fullr, a. avaricious, selfish.

&-gjarn, a. (1) ambitious (a. ok fégjarn); 4. til fjdr, covetous; (2) impetuous, eager (kappar A4gjarnir ok éhraeddir).

agjarn-liga, adv. (1) eagerly, vehe- mently; (2) with greed or cupidity ; -ligr, a, proceeding from cupidity or avarice (-lig ran).

&g6da-hlutr, m. profitable share.

4-g06i, m. gain, profit, benefit.

&-grip, n., in the phrase, Iitill Agripum, svzadl of size.

age‘a (-tta, -ttr), v. fo praise or commend highly.

ageta-, gen. pl. from ‘dgzeti’, is

prefixed to many words to express |#

something capital, excellent; -g6Sr, a. excellent; -gripr, m. cufital thing; -naut, n. fine ox; -skjotr, a. very swift; -vel, adv. excellently well, ageti, n. glory, fame, renown, excellence; in pl, glorious deeds (mikil 4geeti véru ségd af Gunnari) ; gera e-t at dgetum, Zo praise highly. agetingr, m.=dgetismadr, dgetr maor.

agetis-, gen. from ‘dgzti’, prefixed to a great many words with the same meaning as ‘agzeta-’; -gripr, m.=

(32]

AHUGA-MADR

physician; -madr, m. excellent man 3 -verk, n. master-piece; used as an adv. highly, extremely (husfra Agztis sidsém).

agest-liga, adv. capitally; -ligr, a. excellent, goodly.

age r, a. famous, excellent; Agetr hofdingi, excellent chief; Agetir gimsteinar, odle gems.

i-gors, f. gain, profit (=Avoxtr).

&-hald, n. (1) aying hold of, esp. in pl., fghting, brawl; verda dhold med monnum, ¢hey come to a tussle; (2) possession ; veita e-u dhald or ahold, to take possession of (3) hafa 4hold vid e-m um e-t, fo de egual to (match for) one in a thing,

f-hankast (a3), v. refl. 40 decome entangled.

a-heit, n. invocation, vow.

&-henda (-nda, -ndr), v. fo Jay hands upon, seize; &-hendr, pp. within reach; pau urdu dhend, ¢hey were seized.

a-heyrandi, pr. p. within hearing, listening; at Ollum bodsménnum Aheyréndum, 2” the hearing (presence) of all the guests.

a-heyriligr, a. worth hearing, well sounding; &é-heyris, adv. within hearing, in one’s hearing; &-heyrsi, -heyrsli, a. indecl., verda e-s 4., to get to know by hearing.

&-hlaup, n. (1) onset, attack, tncur- sion; gera e-t med dhlaupun, Zo do a thing impetuously; (2) leaping, covering (of. animals).

a&hlaupa-madr, m. an impetuous

erson. &-hlekking, f. (1) stumbling block (drepa fdtum { dAhlekkingar); (2) error, slip; (3) adversity; &-hley- pinn, a. zwpetuous, vehement; &- hlyéast (dd), v. refl. 4o give ear to, listen to (4. ummeeli e-s) ; 4. vid e-n, to agree with; &-hlySinn, a. giving a willing ear, listening readily (4. um e-t, til e-s); ekki 4., obstinate, se/f- willed,

abrins-or9, n. pl. words (spells) that come true (verda at -ordum). éhuga-fullr, a. full of care ; -litill,

ageta-gripr; -leknir, m. excellent|a. slow; -maSr, a. eager, aspiring

Google

AHUGA-MIKILL

man; -mikill, a. eager, vigorous ; -samt, a, n., e-m er -samt, ome ts concerned (about something); -ver®r, a. causing concern, sertous.

f-hugi, m. (1) z#fention, mind; e-m er e-t { dhuga, one intends to do a thing; (2) eagerness (ekki skortir ykkr dhuga); (3) send, opinion (eigi er pvi at leyna, hverr minn 4. er um petta); (4) care, solicitude,= dhygyja; (5) devotion; bidja peir godin med miklum dhuga, fervently. &-hygeja, f. care, concern, anxiety ; bera Ahyggju fyrir-e-m, ¢o be con- cerned about; far pat honym mikillar Ahyggju ok reidi, z¢ cuuses iim much concern and anger.

éhygegjast (a3), v. refl., 4. e-t ox um e-t, to be concerned about, take care or thought for. : shyggju-tenginn, -fullr, a.anxious, concerned ; -laus3, a. unconcerned ; -mikill, a. very anxious; e-m gerist emikit, ome grows Very anxious 3 -samliga, adv. gruvely, anxiously; --amligr, a. amxivus-looking ; -samr, a.anxious, careful; -svipr, m., -yfir- bragd, n. grave, anxious look.

a-hofn, f. (1) the freight or loading ofa ship; (2) lugg ige.

é-hogg, n. slauynter of a ewe (zr).

ai, m. great-giandfither.

ai-fangi, di-fangr, m. vesting-place (for horses to rest and graze) ; -108r, n. fodder for horses at a resting- place; -vangr, m.=4i-fangr (cf. ‘zeja’, to bait, and ‘ vangr’, field).

ékafa-madr, m. av eager, impetuous man (-madr um e-t).

ikafas; (ad), v.refl., fo be vehement, tager: 4.4 e-t, fo busy oneself eagerly with a thing.

&kafi, m. eagerness, vehemence ; meS d4kafa miklum, vehemently; { dkafa, eagerly, impetuously ; the gen. ‘dkafa’ is prefixed to a great many adjectives and to some substantives, in the sense of 22 a high degree, very ; dkafa fagr, wery beautiful; akafa reidr, very angry, furious; dAkafa Crifa, a heavy snow-drift.

akaf-leikr, m. eagerness, vehemence ; cliga, adv. (1) vehemently, tmpetuous-

KEL. DICT.

Google

[33]

A-KYNNIS

ly; fara dkafliga, to rush on; bidja -liga, fo pray fervently; (2) very, exceedingly (-liga reidr); -ligr, a. vehement, hot (akafligr bardagi, -lig reidi); -lyndi, n. a hot, impetuous temper; -lyndr, a. hot-tempered, impetuous.

aékafr, a. vehement, fierce (A. bar- dagi); penna dag var veizlan allra Akofust, at the highest pitch ; neut. as adv., kalla dkaft 4 Bard, fo pray fo B. fervently ; rida sem akafast, fo ride ata furious pace.

é-kall, n. (1) calling upon, invoca- tion (4. 4 nafn guds); (2) clamour, Shouting; (3) claim, demand (a, til e-s, fo a thing).

aékallis-lauss, a. j/ree from claims or demands.

a-kals, n. an tmportunate, urgent request (cf. kalls).

&-kast, n. (1) ¢hrowing upon, casting ats (2) fig., assault (A, Shreins anda) ; (3) pl. faunts; a-ka.tan, f. casting upon; &kasta-samr, a. faunting.

i-kefS, f.=dkah (vegiliga en eigi med dkefd).

dkefSar-ord, pl. or violent words.

4-kenning, f. (1) smack, savour (hafa 4. e-s oy af e-u); (2) slight reprimand (gerae-m 4.); 4-kenningr, m, =dkenning.

a-keypi, n. right of pre-emption.

&-klagan, f. accusuiton, charge.

ai-kledi, n. ded-covering, counter- pane (seengr med dklaedum).

&-kneiki, n. shame (sniia e-u e-m til dkneikis!; -koma, -kv4ma, f. (1) Zouch; wfridar 4. visitation of war; (2) hurt, wound,

4-kufottr, a. round as a ball.

&-kveSinn, pp. fred, appointed ; AkveOin ord, marked, pointed words ; med dkvednum ordum, im express words.

&-kve0i, n. decision, verdict; med dkvedum, expressly.

akvedis-teigr, m. a piece of field to be mown in a day; -verk,n, ptece- work (pat er titt 4 [slandi at hafa Akvzedisverk).

a-kynnis, adv. 0” a vist.

all

n. passtonate

A-KERA

&-kera (-Sa, -Sr), v. fo complain of.

d-keera, f. charge, complaint (bera d4keeru 4 e-n); &-kerari, m. accuser, complainant ; &-kersla, f.=dkzra.

&kerslu-lauss, a. = dkzrulauss ; -maor, m.=4kzrumadr.

&keru-lauss, a. undisputed, unim- peached; -madr, m. accuser, com- plainant.

4l (pl. -ar), f. leather-strap.

4-lag, n. (1) esp. pl., Albg, smpost, tax, burden; (2) visitation, tribula- tion; (3) law term, additional fine; (4) spell, charm.

4-laga, f. esp. pl. dlégur, =dlag (1).

fla-gardr, m. ¢el-pond, stew for eels.

élags-hattr, m. a kind of metre, the first syllable of the following line com- pleting the sentence.

élar-endi, m. end of a leather strap ; -reip, n. rope of leather.

éla-virki, n.=dlagaror.

4l-belti, m. /eathern belt; -borinn, pp. measured with a thong or cord (of

[34]

AL-REIP

Glfr (-s, -ar), m. elf, fairy (hdll ex skamt hedan er 4lfar bua {).

4lf-rek, n., -reki, m. dirt, excre- ments (which drive away the elves) ; ganga -rek, -reka, at -reka = ganga grna sinna.

Alf-rédull, m. poet. the sun.

&-lit, n. (1) aspect, appearance, countenance (venn at 4iliti, fagr dlitum, dokkr dlits); (2) view, con- sideration, reflection; med skjdtum dlitum, without mature consideration ; eigi med négum dlitum, taconsider- ately; gora e-t at dlitum, fo take into consideration; (3) opinion, ju./ge- ment (at réttsynna manna 4liti).

dlita-leysi, n. absence of reflection ; -litill, a. inconsiderate; -mal, n. pl. in the phrase, gora e-t at -md4lum= gora e-t at dlitum.

4lit-liga, adv. decomingly, respecta- bly, pretty well; -ligr, a. deliberate.

&-litning, f. consideration (4 him- narfkis fagnadar).

a field) ; -bur6r, m. measurement (of| 4-likr, a. Like, resembling.

a field) with a cord.

A-lei®is, adv. (1) onwards, forwards (féru 4. til skipa sinna) ; vildu snta 4. for sinni, proceed on their journey ;

g., koma e-u 4. fo bring about; vikja 4. med e-m, fo side with one; (2) on the right path, opp. to afleidis 3 sntia e-m 4., fo convert one.

&-leikni, f. pertness; ad-leikr, ‘m. trick; a-leiksi, a. having got the

worst of rhe ad 4-leita (a6), v. to molest, annoy; a-leitiligr, a. reprehensible; &-

leitinn, a. aggressive; 4-leitni, f. (1) aggressiveness (&. vid e-n); (2) blame, censure.

&-lengdar, adv. for the future (eng- um fridi heit ek pér 4.).

a-lengr, adv. (1) for the future, always (pessi illvirki skyldi eigi 4. tihefnd vera); (2) furthermore; (3) a. er, as soon as (dlengr er hann er sextdn vetra).

alfa, f. =hdlfa.

dlfa-blét, n. sacrifices to the elves; ekyn, n. the race of elves.

alf-kona, f. female e/f; -kunnigr, kunnr, a. akin fo the elves,

Google

4-lj6tr (gen. -s or -ar), m. (1) serious bodily injury that leaves a mark, wilfully inflicted; (2) contumelious language (mela 4ljot).

oh dept biel m. a fine for ‘Aljdtr’ ; -ra0, n. intention to inflict ‘ Aljotr’.

alka, f. avk; dlku-ungi, m. young auk (fugl pvilikastr sem dlku-ungi).

All (-3, -ar), m. (1) ee/; (2) a deep narrow channel in sea or river (eru nui peir einir dlar til lands, er ek get vabit) 3 (3) germ, sprout of a plant.

d&lmr, m. (1) e/m ; (2) poet. man.

&lm-sveigr, m. e/m-twig; -tré, n. elm-tree = Almr (1).

d&lmvidar-skogr, m. e/m-wood.

dinar-breidr, a. an ell broad; -kefli, n. a staffan ell long; -langr, a. an ell long; -tiund, f. tthe of the value of an ell; -virSi, n. the value of an ell (alin, 6ln).

alpt (pl. Alptir and elptr), f. swan.

alptar-hamr, m. (the skin and plumage of a swan; -hreidr, n. swan’s nest; -liki, n. swan’s shape or form.

Slpt-veidr, f. catching wild swans,

al-reip, n. rope of leather.

A-LUTR

&-lutr, a. bending forwards, stoop- ing (cf. litr).

a-lygi, f. slander, calumny.

a-lykt, f. ssue, decision.

alyktar-Aminning, f. final admoni- tion; -démr, m. final judgement; -orS, n. the last word, peroration ; -vitni, n. conclusive testimony.

a-lyktan, f. conclusion, final decision.

&-legja, a. indecl. tz heat (of a mare),

amAatligr, dmattigr, a. loathsome, unpleasant, piteous.

4-minna (-ta, -tr), v. 0 admonish ; &-minning, f. (1) admonition, warn- ing; the act of reminding one (of something) ; (2) recollection (4. allra synda).

4minningar-madr, m. admonisher, reminder; -ord, n. pl. admonition,

[35]

AR-BOT

oppress; G&-naudigr, a. oppressed, enslaved; &-nauor, m,=dnaud. a&-nefna (-da, -dr), v. fo mame, appoint (4. dag til orrustu).

&-netja (ad), v. Zo entangle as ina net (4. e-n e-u); refl., dnetjast e-u, to be entangled in,

d-neyéa (-dda, -ddr), v. so force, subject by force.

dining, f. resting, baiting; cf. ‘eja’.

&-nyt, f. ewe’s milk, =zer-nyt.

&-nyja (ad), v. 2o renew.

&-noegja, v.=noegja ; lat sér e-t 4, to be content, rest satisfied, with.

ar, n. (1) year; at dri, next year; telja drum, fo count time by years; (2) plenty, abundance, fruitfulness (pd var dr um Oll l6nd) ; (3) the name of the Rune 4.

ar, f. oar; draga skip 4 drum, /o

exhortation ; -visur,f. pl. admonitory | pull the boat with oars; pungr undir

or warning Verses.

&-m6t, n. confluence of (two or more) rivers (uppi hj4 dméti).

4&-munr, a. /zke (4. e-m).

amu-s6tt, f. erysipelas.

&-mela (-ta, -t), v. fo blame (4, e-m fyrir e-t).

4-melandi (pl. -endr), m. reprover.

&-meli, n. blame, reproof, reproach ; leggja e-m e-t til dmzlis, fo reproach one for, or with, a thing.

a&meelis-laust, adv. without re- proach; -ord, n. reproof; -samy, a. bringing reproach, shameful ; -verSr, a. blame-worthy.

an, prep. without; (1) with gen.; pess mdattu Gautar illa dn vera, ¢hey could not well do without it; an allrar vegdar, without any mercy; (2) with dat.; dn e-s rd0i, without (against) his will; dn aflati, in- cessantly; (3) with acc.; dn alla fleer6, without any deceit; dn leyfi, without leave,

&-nafnadr, a. renowned, famous.

4-naud, f.(1) oppression, constraint ; (2) bondage; (3) straits, hardship (also in pl.).

dénaudar-ok, n. yoke of bondage ; -vist, f. /ife of oppression or bondage.

&-naudga (a6), v. (1) 40 reduce to bondage, to enslave (4. e-m) ; (2) ¢o

Google

drum, Aeavy to pull; draga drar um e-t, fo contend for; koma eigi dr sinni fyrir boré, to be under restraint.

ar, n. first beginning; ar var alda, in times of yore; at morgins dri, um morguninn {dr = drla um morguninn, early in the morning.

ar, adv. (1) anciently, of yore; (2) early (4r um morguninn).

éra-burdér, m. the movement of the oars; koma (rdSast) undir -bur6é e-s, to become dependent on one; vera undir -burdi e-s, to be under one’s protection; -gangr, m. splashing of oars; -glam, n.=-gangr; -lag, n. time in rowing; kunna dralag, fo be aole to handle an oar.

ar-all, m. river-channel.

dr-angr (-ra), m. (1) season,=Arferd 5 (2) produce of the earth,

dérar-hlumr, m. oar-handle ; -hlutr, m. piece of an oars; -atubbi, m. stuinp of an ocr; -tré, n. wood for making oars.

4-ras, f. assault, attack,=dhlaup.

dra-tal, n. zumber of years; fimtugr at -tahi, f/ty years of age; -tala, f. (1)=-tal; (2) calculation, reckoning of years.

ar-bakki. m. dank of a river.

&r-bdt, f. bettering of the season cr produce.

AR-BROT

&r-brot, n. inundation of a river; -bra, f. dridge over a river.

&r-buinn, a. early ready.

ar-byll, a. dwelling in abundance.

&r-dagar, m. pl., { -daga, zz days of yore; -degis, adv. early in the day.

ar-djup, n. pool inariver. .

a-reid, f. charge of cavalry, invasion of horsemen.

a-reitingr, m. zmducement.

4-rennil gr, a. easy to face.

4-reydr, f. a kind of sadsmon.

ar-eyrr, f. dar, sand-bank at the mouth ofariver; -farvegr, m. course of a river.

ar-ferS, f.(1) season (65 diferd) ; (2) good luck.

ar-fljotr, a. fast, swift (of a rowing vessel).

ar-gali, m. ‘the early singer’, the cock, chanticleer.

aérgalla-lauss, a. free from fatlure of crop, fertile. ar-galli, m. failure of crop.

ar-gangr, m. @ year's course, year.

ar-gljufr, n. pl. steep cliffs over- hanging a river.

ér-gud, m. god of plenty (the god Frey) ; -goeska, f. good season.

&r-hlutr, m. ome’s portion of a river (as regards fishing rights).

f-rida, f. smearing, rubbing (cf. ‘rida 4’).

arla, adv. (1) ear/y; with gen., drla dags ; (2) 2 times of yore.

&r-langt, adv., -lengis, adv. for a year, during a whole year; -liga, adv. (1)=dila; (2) yearly; -ligr, a. (1) annual, yearly; (2) early.

dr-madr, m. steward, esp. of a king's or bishop's estates.

ar-megn, n. main stream or current of a river.

aér-menning, f. stewardship.

drna (a6), v. (1) 40 earn, gain, get (4. e-t) ; (2) d.e-m e-s, fo procure a thing for one; a. e-m gd0s, to pray for good to one; 4.e-m ills, fo impre- cate evil upon, to curse; 4. e-m lifs, fo intercede for one’s life; 4. e-s vid gud, to pray to God for a thing.

arna (a3), v. fo go forward, to wander (4, urgar brautir).

Google

[36]

A-SAKA

drnadar-madr, m. intercessor (esp. of Christ and the saints); -ord, n. intercession (of the saints).

drnadr, m. intercession.

drnan, f.=4rnadr.

arnandi (pl. -endr), m. t#tercessor, = Arnadarmaor.

dr-638, m. mouth of a river.

arr (pl. erir and arar, acc. dru and ara), m. (1) messenger, servant; (2) pl. azgels (rir ok hofudzrir).

arr, a. early (at drum degi).

ar-risull, a. even to rising early.

ar-sali -salr, m. precious hangings

of a bed (kult ok blajur ok drsali). aér-samr, a. ferti/e (Arsamr vetr). ar-sdinn, pp. early sown.

ar-skyld, f. yearly rent.

ar-.traumr, m. current in a river; -strénd, f. dank of a river.

ar-seli, f. the fact of having prosperous seasons (during one’s reign); -s@ll, a. happy in having good seasons.

&r-tal. n. reckoning by years; -tekja, f. yearly rent ; -.i3,f. anniver- sary of a man’s death.

artidar-dagr, m.=4rt{d; -skra f. obituary.

4-runi, m. attack, = ards.

ar-vad, n. ford of a river.

ar-vakr, a. carly awake, rising (Arvakr ok dsvefnugr). ar-vegr, m.=drfarvegr

ar-veenligr, -venn, a. promising a good season,

ar-voéxtr, m. the rising or swelling of a river.

dre Sa-mikill. a. daring, enterpris- ing (cf. draedis-mikill).

f-redi, n. (1) attack; veita e-m 4, to attack ; (2) cowrage, during, pluck.

&-reOiligr. a. (1) dkely, probable; (2) daring, dangerous; (3) ekki dried- iligt, zo¢ easy to face.

&-1e6inn a. daring, enterprising.

éredis-fullr, a.=dredinn ; -litill, a. of small courage; -mikill, a. daring; -raun, f. fest of courage, daring deed; -skortr m. want of courage; -snarr, a. of great courage, plucky.

f-saka (a6), v. 40 accuse, reproach

early

ASAKAN

(opp. to ‘afsaka’)3 charge, censure. &sakanar-efni, n. matter for cen- sure; -or, n. pl. words of reproach. 4-sakari, m. accuser, adversary. d&-samt, adv. (1) vera 4., fo be fo- gether, esp. of married people; (2) koma 4., fo agree; pau kému vel 4, they lived happily together.

&-sauor, m, ewe; coll. ewes. 4-sald, n. sprinkling, fig., of a snow- storm.

d-sdttr, pp. agreed, having come to terms (A. um e-t).

ds-bra, f. bridge of the Gods, the rainbow. ;

43-drengr, m. short pillar; -endi, m. the end of a beam.

4-zeta, f. (1) sttting upon ; (2) tenure of a farm (dseta 4 Jord).

&-setning, f. /aying on, putting on (4. stélunnar).

as-gar6r, m. the residence of the

d&-sakan, f.

[87]

ASTAR-HITI

&-skur6r, m. carving, in wood or stone (Askurdr ok trésmi6i).

a-skynja, a. indecl., 4. e-rar {prottar, expertenced, expert in an ait; also with dat.; A&-skynjandi, p.. p.= Askynja.

&-slatta, f. zzjury inflicted by some one (4, djdfuls).

&s-lidar, m. pl. champions of the Gods ; -megin, n. the divine strength of the Gods, esp. used of Thor; ee m. pl. he sons of the Gods; -moo6or, m. divine wrath (s4 hann pa Por { dsmddi).

&-s6kn, f. (1) attack, assault; (2) indictment, accusation.

&s6knar-maOr, m. accuser.

&3s (gen. 4s3 and dsar; pl. essir, acc. ssi and dsu), m. one of the old heathen gods in general, or esp. one of the olcer branch, in opp. to the younger ones (the Vumir).

ass (gen. dss pl.dsar),m. (1) @ chick

Gods; -grindr, f. pl. the gate of| pole, main beam (ina house); (2) in

dsyar6r.

4-sigling, f. satling upon.

&- ja igen. asjar), f. (1) he/p, aétd, protection (bidja e-n Asjdr); (2) superintendence, inspection ; (3) ap- pearance, shupe.

Asja4-ligr, a. handsome, pretty; -mal, n. a matter worthy of, or re- quiring, consideration.

4-sjana, f. older form for ‘ d4sjéna’.

&ajon, f. superintendence, inspection ; =dsyn.

&-ejona, f. (1) countenance, look; kvenna venst bedi at dsjénu (appearance) ok vitsmunum ; grepp- ligr { Asjonu, ugly-looking ; (2) form, shape (andi drottins { ddtu dsjdnu).

f-skelling, f. chiding, severe re- proof (cf. ‘ske'la 4’).

&-skeyti, n. atfack.

é-skilnadr, m. (1) disagreement, difference ; (2) separation ; { tvennum dskilnadi, 72 two different ways.

&-skoran, f. a pressing requests; a challenge.

&-skot, n. shooting at; sv4 mikil 4., at, so hard shooting, that.

43:-kunnigr, -kunnr, a. akin or re- lated to the gods.

Google

a ship, yurd of a satl (beitidss) ; (3) rocky ridge.

&3-atubbi, m. stump of a beam.

Ast, f. (1) love, affection ; hafa 4. A e-m, fo feel a love for; fel.a 4. til e-s or viO e-n, to fake a fancy to or for one; (2) pl. dstir, dove between man and woman, esp. affection between man and wife (vel er um Astir okkrar, sag6i hoén).

&-stada, f. (1) assertion, contention 3 (2) pl. disagreement, discord.

asta-lauss, a. /oveless.

&star-andi, m. spirit of love ; -angr, n. grief from love; -auga, n. loving eye, tender look (lita, renna -augum til e-s); -band, n. ze or bund of love ; -bodord, n. commandment of love; -brag6. n. token of love; -brimi, -bruni, m. fire of lowe, ardent love ; -drykkr, m. /ove-fotion; -eldr, m.= -brimi; -fullr, a. (1) loving; (2) enamoured; -fundr, m. affectionate meeting; -gjof, f. gift of grace; -grein, f. kind of affection; -gySja, f. goddess of love (Venus) ; -ggrningr, m. act of charity; -harmr, m. grief from love; -hirting. f. chastisement of love; -hiti, m. warmth of love;

ASTAR-HUGI

chugi, -hugr, m. Jove, affection ;| advice;

-hygli, f. devotion ; -ilmr, m. sweet- ness of love; -kvetja, f. hearty greet- ing; -kveikja, f. kindler of love; -lauss, a. Joweless; -leysi, n. absence of loves -logi, m. flame of love; -mark, n. token of love; -orS, n. pl. words of love (mzla -ordum til e-s) ; -reidi, f. anger from love ; -samband, n. band of love; -sigr, m. victory of love; -snedingr, m. Jlove-feast; -sostleikr, m. sweetness of love; -varkunn, f. compassion; -verk, n. act of charity ; -vél, f. artifice of love (bék -véla, Ars amand?); -bjénusta, f. service of love; -pokki, m. Jove, affection ; -ce8i, n. fury of love.

ast-blindr, a. blind from love; -bundinn, pp. i# donds of love, deeply enamoured.

&-stemma, f. damming up of a river.

dst-fenginn, pp. (1) Jove-exciting (-fenginn drykkr) ; (2) dound in love (-fenginn vid Marfu); -fdélginn, pp. beloved, dear to one (e-m); -féstr. n. loving fosterage (leggja -fostr vid e-n ; foeda e-n upp -fostri) ; -gjéf, f. gift 7 love, grace ; -go8i, or -g60i, m. darling; -hollr, a. affectionate (e-m); -hugadr, a. dearly loving, affectionate; -hugi, m. affection.

4-s'ig, n. treading upon (slétt streti til dstigs).

ast-igr, a. dear, lovely; pl. contr. Astgir, dstgar; -kynni, n. Aearty welcome; -lauss, a. void of love, loveless; -leysi, n. want of love, un- kindness; -menn, m. pl. dearly beloved friends; -mer, f. darling maid, sweetheart; -ré8, n. kindly advice.

&-stri¢ari, m. adversary, tempter.

ast-riki, f. affectionate tenderness ; hafa -riki af e-m, fo be much voved by; -rikr, a. full of love (-rikt hugskot) ; -rikr e-m or til e-s, full of love to; -samliga, adv. affectionately; -sam- ligr, a. affectionate ; -samr, a. full o love, tenderly disposed towards (vi e-n) ; -semd, f. love, affection.

astsemdar-frendsemi, f. affec-

[38]

A-TAK

-verk, n. work of love; -vinatta, f. loving friendship.

Ast-semi, f.=—-semd; -seld, f. popularity; -aell, a. beloved by all, popular (-szll e-m or af e-m).

&-stunda (a6), v. fo study, take pains with,=stunda 4 e-t; 4-stundan, f. (1) care, painstaking, endeavour; (2) strong desire (hafa a. til guds); (3) intention.

ast-ud, f. dove, affection ; leggja Astid til'e-s, fo become fond of one.

G&atudar-frend-emi, f. affectionate kinship ; -vinr, m. dear friend.

fst-adigr, a. beloved, dear (-ddigr dllu folki) ; -udigt er med peim, ¢hey are on friendly or loving terms; -udligr, a. amiable, friendly (vid e-n or e-m) ; loving.

ast-vina, f. dear (female) friend ; -vindtta, f. intimate friendship; -vinr, m. intimate friend; -pokki, m.=dstarpokki.

is-ynja, f. goddess, the fem. answer- ing to ‘dss’.

d-syn, f. (1) countenance, presence (kasta e-m burt fra sinni 4.); (2) appearance, shape (guds hold ok bl6d { 4. brauds ok vins) ; (3) view, opinion (med rangri 4.); (4) dat. pl. used as adv., hversu var hann dsynum, sow did he look?; gen. as adv., minna dsynar, apparently less.

&-syna (-da, -dr), v. fo shews a-synd, f.=dsyn; dsyndum = dsyn- um; dsyndar=dsynar; 4-syniligr, a. conspicuous, stately ; &-synis, adv. in appearance, to look at (fridr 4.) ; &-synt, a.n. fo be seen, visible; ef eigi verdr 4., i/o mark (of the blow) can be seen; pat er a., tf ts evident.

4-soekni, f. aggressiveness.

at, n. (1) the act of eating; eiga at ok drykkju vid e-n, fo eat and drink with one; kyr hafnadi atinu, the cow would not eat; (2) food (at ok drykkr).

fa, f. (1) eating; gddr dtu, good eating; (2) food, meat; s4 hafi hud ok dtu, er atti, /e¢ the owner (of the ox) have the hide and meat.

4-tak, n. (1) touch, touching; sva

tionate relationship ; -r45, n. find! dtaks (to the touch) sem skinn;

Google

A-TALA

(2) firm hold or grasp; atk ok sviptingar, in wrestling.

a-tala, f. rebuke, reprimand (veita e-m Atélur).

atan, n. catable thing, proper food (cf. ‘ Gdtan’).

&-tekjur, f. pl. manner of taking a thing (porsteini 6x mdér vid dtekjur hans).

&-tekning, f. (1) touching; (2) the sense of feeling ; a-tekt, f. (1) =datek- jur ; (2) =atekning (1). 4

&t-fatt, a.n. short of food.

at-frekr, a. greedy, voracious; girni, f. greediness of food.

atjan, card. numb. ezghfeen.

atjandi, ord. numb. ezghieenth.

&tjan-sessa, f. a ship having eighteen rowing benches.

4-tro6, n., dtrobi, m. treading upon, trampling (verSa fyrir dtroda).

Atrunadar-ma6r, m. a deliever, a worshipper.

&-tranaér, m. belief in (drauma 4.) ; forn 4., the old (heathen) faith.

att, f. g) family, race; (2) quarter, direction; see ‘ztt’.

atta, card. numb., eight; attandi, ord. numb. ezehth=Atti, Attundi.

Attar-auki, m. increase of the family ; -mét, n. vrelationshifP; -coxling, f. propagation of kin.

a&tta-tigir, m. pl., -tfu, card. numb. eighty.

&tt-bogi, m. lineage, = zttbogi.

Att-feSmingr, m. a measure of eight fathoms (-fedmingr torfs).

att-hagi, m. one’s native place, one’s home (i Atthaga sinum).

att-hyrndr, a. eight-cornered, octagonal,

atti, ord. numb. the eighth (atti dagr Jdla; vi8 4tta mann).

Attjdn, card. numb. eighteen, the older form=4tjan.

att-leggr, m.=zttleggr; -lera, a. indecl. «egenerate.

att-melt, a.n. name of a metre, a verse containing eight lines, each being a separate sentence.

&tt-nidjungr, -nidr, -runnr, kinsman, descendant,

Att-roedr, a. (1) eighty years of age;

m.

Google

[39]

AVERKA-DREP

(2) measuring eighty fathoms, in height, breadth, or depth.

dtt-stafr, m. knsman,=zttingi.

4tt-strendr, a. octagonal,

attugandi, ord. numb. eightieth.

attungr, m. (1) the eighth part (a. manna); (2) division of the country (in some parts of Norway).

attungr, m. finsman,=zttingi.

attungs-kirkja, f. a church belong- ing to an ‘dttungr’ (in Norway).

att-visi, f. genealogical knowledge, =zttvisi.

att-eringr, m. eight-oared boat; -err, a. of eight oars (skip Attzrt).

A&tu-pyfi. n. stolen eatables.

&télu-lauss, a. undisputed.

avalt (=of allt), adv. a/ways,

&-vant, a.n. in the phrase, e-s er 4., ts wanted, needed (einnar mér Freyju 4. pykkir).

é-vardr, a. dear, acceptable, only of man in relation to the gods (avar6ir godunum ; dvardr Gudi).

&-varp, n. calculation (in round numbers), opinion, estimate (at dvarpi flestra manna),

&-vaxta (ad), v. to make fertile or productive; 4. f€, to put out fo interest; refl., dvaxtast, fo increase; Avaxtast med porn ok klungr, fo de- come overgrown with.

avaxta-lauss, a. (1) uaproductive ; (2) fruztless, resultless; -ligr, a. profitable, useful (e-m).

&-vaxtan, f. increase, augmentation.

Avaxtar-samligr, a. profitable ; -samr, a.=dvaxt-samr; -timi, m.

the time of harvest.

avaxta-samr, a.==avaxtsamr.

avaxt-lauss, a. unfruttjul; -cam- ligr, a.=avaxtar-samligr; -samr, a. profitable, fruitful.

&-van, f. faint expectation or hint; segja e-m dvdn e-s, fo give one some hint of a thing.

&-veidr, f. river fishery.

a-verk, n. (1) bodily injury or lesion, wound (veita, bjoda, e-m 4.) ; (2) walawful use of another man's /and (as cutting trees in his forest).

Aaverka-bot, f. compensation for an Averki ; -drep, n. a stroke producing

AVERKA-MADR

[40]

BAK

Averki; -madr, perpetrator of an| &-visa (ad), v. to point at, indicate. d4verki; -mal,n.amn action concerning | &-visan, f. indication, intimation.

dverki. a-verki, m.=dverk.

a-vit, n. pl. reprimand, rebuke 3 berja e-n dvitum, fo upbraid one.

&-vidri , adv. om the weather side of| &-vita (ad), v. to chide, rebuke (4. e-n

\dvidris e-u=d vedr e-u). &-viljadr, a. znclined to, with inf. a-vinna (see vinna), v. fo gain, make profit. aé-vinningr, m. (1) attainment; {

um e-t), avita-laust, a. n. d/ameless. avitan, f. rebuke, reprimand. avitanar-or6, n. word of blame. avita-or6, n.=4vitanarord; -sam-

Avinning, at, 7” order to attain, that; | ligr, a. blameadle.

(2) profit, gain.

avit-samligr, a. = dvitasamligr ;

a-vinn ,a.n. difficult, toilsome; pa|-samr, a. aft fo blame, censortous.

mun a. um s6xin, then those in the bow will be hard put to it.

&-veni, n.=dvadn. &-voxtr, m. (1) produce, growth,

4-vist, f. abode, residence; Snorra| fruit; (2) interest, rent; (3) gain.

potti betra dAvistar { HI1f6, Sxorri preferred living at Hillside.

a-bekkr, a. simzlar (4. e-m). dpéttar-or6, apéttis-ord, n. defama-

&-vita, a. indecl., verda e-s 4., ¢o| tory language, invective.

become aware of a thing.

a-vitall or 4-vitull, m. Aint, inti- mation, indication.

a-viti, a.=dvita.

&-viga, a. indecl., in phr., verda a., fo lose most people in a combat.

&-pj& (see pja), v. fo oppress.

&-pjan, f. oppression, harsh oppressive rule.

apjanar-ok, n. yoke of tyranny.

a-preatni f. mutual strife.

a-pyngd, f. exaction, oppression.

or

B

bad, n. bath, esp. steam- or vapour- bath (fara or ganga til bats, koma 6r badi, ganga fr4 badi; taka bad).

batast (ad), v. refl., to take a bath, to bathe.

bad-fers, f. going to the bath (vera { -ferd); um -ferdir, about the time for bathing; -kaépa, f. bathing-cloak ; -kona, f. female bathing attendant.

kadmr. m. (1) ¢vee; (2) bosom.

ba6-stofa, f. dath-room, bathing- voom ; in later times, s¢t/ing-room.

badstofu-gluggr, m. pening (win- dow) in the roof of a badstofa,

bagall, m. @ dtshop’s staff, crozier.

bagal-stafr, m.=bagall.

baggi, m. pack, bundle.

bagladr, a. crooked, deformed.

bak, n. (1) dack (binda bagga 4 b. sér); fig., bera sék 4 baki, fo de guilty; leggja bleydiord a4 b. e-m, fo Charge one with being a coward;

Google

hafa marga vetr 4 baki, fo be advanced in years; snua baki vid, to turn the back, fe; ganga 4 b. heitum, o:6um, to go back on one’s word; (2) =hest- bak ; fara 4 b., ¢o mount ; fara, stiga, spretta af baki, fo dismount; (3) the backside of a thing (cf. handarbak, hurdarbak, husbak) ; 4 baki hisunum, at the back of the houses; gara e-t a baki e-m, 2% one’s absence, behind one’s back; rida at baki e-m, behind him on the same horse; berr er hverr at baki nema sér brddur eigi, dave zs one’s back without a brother behind it; 4 bak, (a2) dehind; komad b. e-m, to attack in the rear; (6) after; 4b. jolum, after Christmas; hvat sem 4 b. kemr, whatever may come after or Jollcw ; (c) absol., falla 4 b. aptr, zo fall backwards ; brjéta 4 b. ord e-s, to refute, make them null and void; brjota 4 b. Romverja, fo defeat them,

BAKA

baka (a5), v. (1) fo dake (b. braud) ; (2) to warm and rub the body and limbs, at a large fire (see ‘bakeldr’) ; esp. refl., bakast (vid eld) ; (3) fo rud, =strjika; bakadi Helgi fotinn, se rubbed the (broken) leg.

bakan, n. dacon (rare).

bakara-meistari, m. master-baker ; -ofn, m. daker’s oven,

bakari, m. baker.

bak-bit, n. dackbiting, slander; -bitari, m. Jdackbiter, slanderer; -bor6i, m. the larboard side of a ship, port, opp. to ‘stjérnbordi’; -brjdta (see brjéta), v. Zo violate,=brjota 4 bak ; -byrdingar, m. pl. the crew on the larboard side, opp. to the ‘ stjérn- byrdingar’; -byrdr, f. a burden to carry on the back.

bakelda-g¢r6, f. the action of making a bakeldr, or the rubbing of the back at a bakeldr.

bak-eldr, m. a fire at which to bake (warm and rub) the body and limbs (sitja vid -elda).

bak-fall, n. (1) falling backwards, esp. in pl., réa -féllum, knyja drar me stérum -fdllum, fo take long pulls with the oars; (2) attack in the rear, -slag ; veita e-m -fall, fo attack in the rear; -ferd, f. mounting on horse- back; -ferla (ad), v. to drive back, annul, make void; -hlutr, m. the hind part, backside; -hold, n. pl. the flesh on the back of cattle; -hverfast (8), v. refl., to turn one’s back upon (vid e-5); -jarl, m. @ foe attacking in the rear.

bakka-kolfr, m. a kind of blunt- headed arrow; -stokkar, m. pl. stocks on which a ship is built; setja fram af -stokkum, fo /aunch.

bakki, m. (1) da (of a river, lake, chasm, &c.); (2) ridge, dank (hann settist undir bakka f hrisrunni) ; (3) a mound on which the target is set up; setja spdn f{ bakka, Zo se¢ up a target; (4) dank of clouds above the horizon ; (5) dack of a knife or other cutting instrument, opp. to ‘egg’.

bak-kledi, n. sapestry; -lengja, f. the back-strip of a hide; -mall, -mélugr, a. dackbiting, slanderous ;

Google

(41)

BANA-LAG

-mela (-ta, -t), v. to dackbite (-mzla e-m); -melgi, f., -ma@li, n. dack- biting, slander.

bakmelis-madr, m. calumniator.

bak-rauf, f. anus, a nickname; -sdrr, a, having a sore back (of a horse); -setja (see setja), v. fo neglect, omit (-setja at gera e-t); -skyrta, f. the hind part of a shirt; -slag. n., -sletta, f. attack in the rear, =bakfall (2) ; -slettr, m.=baksletta ; -stakkr, m. the hind part of a cloak; -stokkar, m. pl.=bakkastokkar.

bakstr (-rs), m.(1) daking; (2) baked bread, esp. communion bread; (3) poultice, fomentation ; (4) warming, rubbing (of the body).

bakstr-braud, n. daked bread; -buékr, m. a box in which the com- munion bread was kept; -eldr, m. (1) =bakeldr ; (2) fre for making bread (gera peir -elda stdéra til Dbrauds) ; -hus, n. dakehouse ; -jarn, n. an tron plate for baking communion bread; -kona, f. female baker; -ofn, m. baking-oven ; -sveinn, m. daker boy.

bak-vana, a, indecl. having a sore back (of horses) ; -verkr, m. pain in the back ; -verpast (t), v. (1) fo turn away from, disregard (vib e-t or vid e-m) ; (2) to flee before one (-verpast vid sinum tvinum).

baldikin, on. brocade.

baldinn, a. untractable, unruly.

baldrast (a6), v. refl., to crowd together tn a confused throng.

baldridi, m.=ballridi.

bali, m. grassy bank.

ballr, a. dangerous, dire; boll rd, fatal schemes; ballir draumar, dad, ill-boding dreams; boll pra, heavy

baldaqguin, rich

reef.

ballrast (a9), v. refl.,=baldrast.

ball-riéi, m. poet., ‘old rider, hero (Freyr er beztr allra ballrida).

balsamr, m. dalsam.

bana (a6), v. fo £2//, with dat.

bana-bl66, n. d/ood shed in slaying ; -dagr, m. day of death; -drykkr, m. baneful draught, poison; -doegr, n. -dagr; -hcgg, n. death-blow fa -hégg; vard pat hans -hégg); -lag,

BANA-MADR

[42]

BARDAGA-FREST

n. stabbing to death; -madr, m.|norreenu; (2) prohibition, opp. to killer, slayer; -or, n. (1) tidings of| ‘lof’ (hlyda bodi ok bannie-s) ; leggja

one’s death (segja -ord e-s); bera -ord af e-m, fo slay one in fight; (2) death ; piggia -or6 af e-m, fo be killed by one; kenna e-m -ord, fo charge with slaying one; -ré5, n. planning a person's death; réba or veita e-m -r46, fo bring about one’s death; -s&r, n. death-wound, a mortal wound; -skot, n. mortal shot; -sdtt, f. death- sickness, mortal iliness ; -spjot, n., in the phrase, berast -spjét eptir, ¢o de deadly enemies; -tilredi, n. mortal attack (veita e-m -tilredi) ; -pufa, f. a knoll that causes one’s death; nniga vid -pifu, Zo die; drepa fétum vid -pifu, 4o stumble against or over a fatal knoll,

band, n. (1) the act of binding or settling, opp. to ‘lausn’; fig., Jausn ok b. allra vandamdla, the decision in all difficult cases; (2) band, cord (mjott b)s; (3) in pl, (a) donds, fetters (hafa e-n { béndum) ; (4) dond, confederacy (ganga { bind ok eid) ; (c) poet., the gods, cf. ‘hépt’; bléta bond, to worship the gods; at mun banda, af the will of the pods.

banda (ad), v. fo make a sign by waving the hand; b. 4 moti fénu, Zo drive away the sheep; with dat., b. héndum, fo wave the hands.

banda-matr, m. confederate, one who ts in league with others.

bandingi (-ja), m. Drisoner.

band-vetlingr, m. @ kind of glove.

bang, n. hammering; banga (ad), v. to hammer, knock; »b. dyrr or 4 dyrr, Zo knock at the door.

bang-hagr, a. knowing how fo use the hammer.

bani, m. (1) death; fa (bfda, hafa,

b, fyrir e-t, 20 Drokidit.

banna (ad), v. (1) 0 forbid, pro- hibit (b. e-m e-t or with infin.) ; (2) to curse (b. e-m); refl. bannast um, /o swear (to do a thing). bannadar-or6, n.=bannanarord. bannan, f. curse, tmprecation. bannanar-or%, n. pl. =bannan. bann-feera (-3a, -dr), v. 40 place under the ban.

banns-atkvedi, n. sentence of ex- communication; -dfelli, n., -dOmr,

.=-atkvzedi.

bann-setja (see setja), v. (1) fo place under the ban; (2) to curse; -setning, f. excommunication; -sett- liga, adv. wickedly; -settligr, a. execrable, detestable; -settr, pp. (1) placed under the ban; (2) accursed.

banns-mél, n. a case liable to ex- communication ; -pina, f. punishment of excommunication ; -spjdt, n. spear of excommunication; -verk, n. an act liable fo excommunication.

bann-syngja (see syngja), v. ¢o pronounce an anathema against.

banns-s6k, f. an offence liable to excommunication.

ban-o18, f.=banaord; -venligr, a. mortal, deadly; -venn, a. (1)= -veenligr (-vzent sdr) 3 (2) deadly sick ; ok er dré at pvi at hann var -vzenn, when all hope of life was gone. barar, f. pl. (1) Aand-barrow, stretcher (P. var borinn { bérum um fjallit); (2) funeral bier carried by horses (meoeddust hestarnir undir bérunum).

baratta, f. (1) contest, fighting; (2) ight, battle.

bardttu-fullr, a, combative, fond of

taka) bana, /o die; r4da sér bana, fo| fighting; -madr,m. warrior; -samr,

commit suicide ; \eida e-n til bana, fo cause one’s death (of an illness) ; kominn at bana, sinking fast; (2) that which causes death, bane; slayer (fj6gurra manna b.).

bann, n. (1) excommunication, anathema, tnterdict; hit meira b., the greater exc.; hit minna b. (the lesser exc.) pat sem forbod er kallat 4

Google

a. given to fighting.

iar’, n. es (rare); (2) brim, of a hat or helmet; (3) ¢ke deak or armed prow of ships (of war), stem ; réa fyrir b. e-m (=rda fyrir stafn e-m), to thwart one.

barSa, f. a hind of axe. bardaga-buinn, pp. veady for battle; -frest, n. delay of battle;

BARDAGA-FULLR

-fullr, a.=-gjarn; -fyat, f. Jove of combat ; -gjarn, a. eager for combat ; -gud, m. god of battle; -gySja, {. goddess of battle; -laust, adv. without battle ; -liat, f. art of war; -lykt, f. the close of a battle; -madr, m. warrior; -stef. n., -stefna, f. a time fixed for a battle.

bardagi, m. (1) beating, thrashing ; (2) fight, battle (heyja, eiga bardaga vid e-n) ; (3) calamity, scourge.

bard-hvalr, m. 2 sort of whale.

bar6i, m. a sort of ship, ‘ram’

bard-mikill, a. with agreat‘bard' (3).

barir, f. pl.=barar (rare).

barka-kyli, n. Adam's apfpie.

barki, m. windpip~e, weazund.

barki, m. a sort of small boat, launch.

bark-lauss, a without bark (borkr).

barlak, n. dar/ey,=bygg.

barmi, m. poet., brother.

barmr, m. 6rim, rim (of a vessel or a steel cap).

barm-tog, n. a rope for hauling the nets ashore.

barn, n. (1) dairn, child; vera med barni, fo de with child; ganga med barni, fo go with child; barns

[43]

BARREYSER

capable of bearing children, opp. to ‘ubyrja’;| -démr, m. childhood; -eign, f. (1) getting or having chil- dren; (2) children, family (furdu illa -eign gat Loki); -evkja, f. cht/dhood, =barneeska; -fadir, m. a chila’s alleged father; -fostr, n. fostering of a child (a kind of adoption in olden times) ; bjdda e-m -fdéstr, fo offer to do this for another man; -fostra, f. Joster-mother; -fos'ri, m. foster- Sather ; -falga, f. pay for the main- tenance of a child; -foeddr, pp.= -alinn; borinn ok -foeddr, dorn and bred ; -foaSi, n. native place, birthplace (eiga -foedi e-s stadar) ; -getnadr, m. (1) procreation a children; (2) preg- nancy (hon hafdi fengit -getnad af peirra samvistu); -goslur, f. pl. nursery songs, lullabies.

barningr, m. /hrashing, see ‘lama- barningr ’.

barn-lauss,a childless; -leikr, m. =barnaleikr ; -leysi, n. chi/dlessness ; eligr, a. childish, childlike. barns-aldr, m. (time of) childhood (nykominn af -aldri); -bein, n., in the phrase, fra (or af) blautu -beini,

hafandi ov hafandi at barni, w7th| from childhood; -full, a.f. pregnant ;

child, pregnant; fra blautu barni, Jrom one’s tender years ; (2) =manns- barn; hvert b., every man, every living soul.

barna (ad), v. fo get with child. barna-born. n. pl. grand-children ; -eldi, n. procreation of children; -foeri, n. in the phrase, ekki -fceri, 20 task for children; -gamaan, n. child’s play; -karl, m. children’s friend. barn-aldr, m.=barnsaldr. barna-leikr, m. child’s play. -barn-alinn, pp. ative; -alinn 4 Islandi, a native of Iceland. barna-ma4l, n. childish affair; gera e-t at -mdlum, fo ‘reat as a trifle, trifle with; -messa, f. Holy Inno- cents’ Day; -skap, n. childish tem- per; hafa ekki -skap, fo be no baby; -vipr, n. childish trifles, gewgaws ; -battr, m. the section of law concern- ing infants.

barn-beri, a. with child, pregnant ; -burér, m. childbirth; -berr, a.

Google

-fyleja f. the after-birth,=eptirbur6r ; -gratr, m. the crying of a baby; -hifa, f. child’s cap,

barn-skikkja, f. childs cloak; -skirn, f. christening of an infant; -skirnar-ord, n. pl. words used in christening, baptismal formula. barn-s6tt, f. pains, throes of child- birth (taka -sott) ; -sell, a. uae in one’s children; -seng, f. childbed ; -teitr, a. glad as a child; -ungr, a. very young, youthful; -amagi, m., -amegs, f. (see these words) ; -ceska, f. childhood (brad er barnceska). barr, n. (1) actcular leaves, needles of the fir or pine (wrongly applied by Snorri, who speaks of the ‘barr’ of the ash); (2) darley.

barr-axladr, a. high-shouldered, with sharp, prominent shoulder bones , -haddadr, a. poet., darley-haired (of the earth).

Barreyskr, a. from Barra (in the Hebrides).

BARRE-SKEPTR [44] BAG-RADR

barr-skeptr, a. high-shafted, of an |esp. the sacred ring (stallahringr) on axe (breid6x barrskept). ithe altar in heathen temples, cf. barr-vibdr, m. pine-forest; the wood |‘ baugeidr’ ; (2) in olden times, before of the fir. ‘minted gold or silver came into use, bar-smi, f. (1) thrashing, flogging; such rings were commonly used as a (2) in pl., fight, row. jmedium of payment ; hence ‘baugr ’ barun (pl. baranar), m. daron. isimply means money; (3) jine of bar-vidri, n. deuting storm, violent | varying amount for manslaughter, blasts (b. ok regn mikit). weregild; (4) gaff-hook? (5) in the bassi, m. dear, =bersi. phrase, eiga (kost) 4 baugi, fo have a bast, n. (1) ast, the inner bark of \(single) chance left; ef sd veri 4 the lime-tree (bleikr sem b.) ; (2) cord | baugi, if there were no other chance ; or string of bast (s& peir 4 b. bauga|pu munt eiga slikan 4 baugi brdtt,

dregna). basta (ad), v. 40 bind with a rope of bast (Gbastadr ok ubundinn). bastarér, m. bastard. bastari, m. bastrope-maker. bast-bleikr, a. fale as bast (=bleikr sem b,); -lina. f. cord of bast; -taug, f. rope or cord of bast; -vesall, a.= -bleikr ; -¢x, f. a kind of axe. bati, m. improvement, advantage. batna (aS), v. (1) fo improve, get better; (2) impers., e-m batnar, one recovers (after sickness); the disease is added in gen. (e-m batnar sins meins, sjikleika). batnadr (gen. -ar), m. zmtprove- ment (berja e-n til batnadar). bauga-brot, n. fragments of rings (given in payment) ; -tal, n. esusmera- tion of ‘rings’ (baugar), the section of law Cane with weregilds. baug-bot, f. supplemental payment to the ‘baugr’ (baugbak, pveiti) ; -broti m. ‘ring-breaker’, free-handed man; -bostandi (pl. -endr). m. ove who has to pay the weregild (baugr) ; -eidr, m. the oath upon the sacred temple ring; -gildi, n. (1) the ‘ were- gild’ to be paid to the ‘agnates’ of the Slain, opp. to ‘nefgildi’, fhe same amount to be paid to the ‘cognates’ ; (2) agnatic relationship. baug-gildingr, m. = next. bauggildis-madr, m., usually pl. -menn, agzates who are bound to pay or receive the ‘ bauggildi’. baug-gildr, a. payable, fit to pay as ‘ bauggildi’ (-gildr eyrir, -gilt 16). baugr (-3, -ar), m. (1) ring, armlet (of gold or silver) worn on the wrist,

Google

thou wilt soon have the very same chance or lot (viz. death); (6) the painted circle on a round shield.

baug-ryer (-ryejar, -rygir), f. an only daughter entitled to receive and pay weregild.

baugs-helgr, f. ersonal sacredness (so that one’s death must be atoned tor by a weregild).

baug-variér, pp. adorned with rings; -bak, n. ‘ring-covering’, supplemental payment to be added to the ‘ baugr’ (3); at -paki, fig., in addz- tion, to boot; -piggejandi (-endr), m. recetuer of weregild.

bauka (a5), v. fo dig, to rummage.

baula, f. cow; baulu-fa'l, n. the carcase of a slaughtered cow; -fdtr, m. cow’s foot, a nickname.

baun (pl. -ir), f. dean; bauna-légr, m. bean-broth.

bauta, v. deat, chase? (sv bautu vér bjornuna).

bautadar-, bautar- or bauta- s‘einn, m. stone monument, memorial stone (reisa, setja bautastein).

baztr, a. superl., =beztr.

badir (badar, bedi. gen. beggja), a. both (badir tveir).

bagi, m. poet., adversary.

bagr, a. uneasy, awkward (verdr honum ni bag hGndin); bdgt var mjék um matbjargir, provisions were very scarce.

bagr, m. contest, resistance, in such phrases as, brjdta bag vid e-n, fo con- tend against, offer resistance to; fdr { bag me6 beim, a conflict arose between them, they quarrelled,

baig-ré6r, a. difficult to deal with,

BAG-RA2KR

opp. to ‘aud-rddr’; -reekr, a. difficult to drive (of geese).

bakn, n. deacon, signal.

békna (a8), v. 40 beckon, make Signs (peir bdknudu vdpnunum til peirra Hdkonar).

bal, n. (1) fire; sl4 b.=drepa eld; (2) flame, blaze; gera b., fo make a blaze; (3) pyre, funeral pile; bera e-n 4 b., fo carry fo the pyre; stigaad b., fo mount the pyre.

bal-fér, f. funeral.

balkr, m. (1) partition, balk (b. um pveran hellinn) ; (2) section in a code of laws; (3) body, group, host.

bara, f. wave, d:/low; vant er at sigla milli skers ok bdru, de/ween Scylla and Charybdis.

bara (ad), v. fo fall and rise in waves (vatnit hroerdist mjék ok bdradi).

barottr, a. unxdulated, wavy (hauss- inn var allr b. utan sem horpuskel).

bar-stort, a. n., var -stort, ‘he waves ran high.

bdru-fall, n. heavy sea; -skot, n. swell; -stormr m. storm with heavy sea; -stor. =bdar-stort.

bisa (a6), v. 40 drive into a stall, with dat. = beesa.

bas-hella, f. a flag-stone separating two stalls in a cowhouse.

bass, m. b00se or stall in a cow- house (binda ku 4 bas).

basuan, m. dassoon (for. word). bat-festr. f. a rope by which a boat ts made fast; -lauss a. having no boat; -leysi, n. want of a beat; -madr, m. doatman.

batr (-s, -ar),m. boat; sjd fyrir bati sinum, 40 go one’s own course, to mind one's own business.

bats-bord n. the side of a boat; -‘farmr, m. boat's freight; -haki, m. boat-hook.

bat-stafn. m. doa?’s prow.

bedja. f. poet., ded-fellow, wife.

bed-mal, n. pl. ded-talk.

bedr (-jar. -ir), m. bolster, bedding ; ganga 4 bed e-m, fo go to bed with one, fo marry.

beida (-dda, -ddr’, v. Zo ask, beg,

[45]

BEINIR

one) e-s; b. e-s af e-m, fo ask a thing of or from a person; b. e-n mals, orda, fo address one; with acc., b. légbeiding, to make a lawful request ; refl., beidast, fo request on one’s own behalf (b. laga, grida); beiddr. pp unwilling, reluctant (b. for ek heiman at bidja bin, Gudrin).

beiding, f., beidni, f., beidsla, f. request, demand.

beidslu-ma6r, m. a person asking.

beimar, m. pl. poet., men, heroes.

bein, n. (1) domes; ldta med beini ganga, fo deal blows to the very bone, give no quarter; hafa b. { hendi, Zo be well off; (2) leg, =totleger ; (3) pl. mortal remains; bera bein or beinin, to be buried (hér mun ek b. bera 4 {slandi).

beina (-da, -dr), v. (1) to stretch out, put into motion; b. flug, fo stretch the wings for flight; b. skrid sinn, fo creep, of a’serpent ; b. raust- ina, to raise the voice, speak aloud; (2) to further, promote; bv. for (ferd) e-s, Lo help one forwaris; b. at or til med e-m, fo lend one help, to assist one; b. e-u til e-s, fo contribute to a thing; b. at e-u, fo lend a hand to; b. fyrir e-m, fo support, entertain.

beina-, gen. pl. from ‘ bein’ and gen. sing. from ‘ beini’.

beina-bot, f.accommodation, comfort for guests.

beina-foersla, f. removal of bones (from one churchyard to another); -hruga, f. heap of bones; -lag, n. burying of one’s bones, death.

beina-spell, n. spoiling the comfort of guests; -puifi, a. in need of hospitable treatment.

bein-brjéta (see bijdta), v. fo break one’s bones; -brot, n. fracture of a bone; -fastr, a., -fast sdr, a wound fo the bone; -fiskr, m. a kind of fish; -groinn, pp. grown fast to the bone; -hogg, n. a blow injuring the bone (sv6dusdr ok eigi beinhégg).

beini, m. (1) 4e/p, benefit ; (2) esp. hospitable entertainment, hospitality (vinna, veita e-m beina); ganga um beina, to watt upon the guests.

request; b. e-n e-s, or b. e-m (fori beinir, m.=beini (1).

Google

BEINI-SAMR

beini-samr, a. ready (willing) to help; -semi, f. readiness to help.

bein-knita, f. jotnt-bone; -kross, m. cross of bone; -lauss, a. doneless, without bones.

bein-leidis, adv. straight, directly.

bein-leiki, m. hospitable treatment, hospitality,=beini (2).

beinn, a. (1) straight; bein rds, straight course; beinstr vegr, the straightest (shortest) way ; (2) hospit- able (béndi var beinn vid pa); gera beint vid e-n, Zo treat one kindly.

-beinn, a. -/egged (berbeinn, dare- legged; digrbeinn, ¢hick-legged ).

beinn, m. a kind of tree, ebony ?

bein-skeyti, f. straight shooting, marksmanship; -skeytr, a. straight- shooting, a good shot.

beins-litr, m. colour of a bone.

bein-storr, a. dig-boned (mabdr mikill ok beinstdrr).

beint, adv. (1) straight, in a straight line, straight on; (2) just (pat kom mér b. { hug); b. sex tigir skipa, precisely sixty ships; nib., just now ; pd b., b. f pessu, just then.

bein-verkir, m. pl. Jain in the legs.

bein-vidr, m. Aol/y.

bein-véxtr, m. done-growth, stze of bones (litill beinvéxtum).

beiska, f. dit/erness, sourness.

beiska (a5), v. to embitter.

beisk-leikr, m. Jditterness, harsh- ness; -liga,adv. dzt/erly (grata -liga) ; eligr, a. ditterish; -lundadr, a. dz¢ter- hearted, malevolent.

beiskr, a. (1) Jditter, acrid (b. drykkr) ; (2) exasperated, angry (hon var6 beisk vid); (3) painful, sore (beiskr bruni).

beit, f. Jasturage, pasture.

beit, f. a plate of metal mounted on the brim (of a thing).

beit, n. poet., shzZ.

beita, f. 2az¢, esp. for fish.

beita (-tta, -ttr), v. (1) to ‘cause to bite’, graze, with the animals in dat. (b. nautum), the pasture in acc. (b. haga, land, engi); absol. to pasture cattle (b. { skogi); b. upp land, Zo exhaust by grazing; b. upp (to con- sume) engjum ok heyjum; (2) Zo

Google

[46]

BEKER

handle, use a weapon (b. sverdi) ; (3) fo hunt or chase (with dogs or hawks); b. e-n hundum, éo set dogs om one; (4) fig., b. e-n brégdum, tlégum, illu, ¢o deal cunningly, unlawfully, badly with one; recipr., vid hofum opt brégdum beizt, schemed against each other; (5) to harness (a horse, &c.) to a vehicle (b. hest fyrir vagn) ; beittu enn blakka mar, saddle thy black steed; fig., b. e-n fyrir e-t, Zo Dut one at the head of; refl., beitast fyrir e-t or e-u, fo lead the cause; (6) to furnish (a vehicle) with horses (vagn at b.)3 (7) fo steer or sail near the wind, to cruise (beita peir { brott fra landinu) ; fengu beir beitt fyrir Skot- land, they weathered S.

beit-fiskr, m. fish to be caught with bait? (al. ‘ beinfiskr.’)

beiti, n. Jasturage.

beiti-dgs, m. saz/-yard.

beiting, f. (1) grazing; (2) sailing by the wind (cf. pra-beiting).

beitinga-m4l, n. a lawsuit about right of grazing or pasturage.

beittr, a. sharp, keen (of cutting instruments).

beizl. n. bridle; leggja b. vid hest, to bridle a horse.

beizla (ad), v. 20 bridle.

beizla. f.=beidsla.

beizl-4l, f. driale-rein ; -hringr, m. bridle-ring; -tamr, a. used to the bridle; -taumr, m. bridle-rein.

beizlu-maér, m.=beidslumadr.

bejur, bajur, f. pl. setters, irons (foreign word).

bekkjar-gjof f. ‘ dench-gift’ (a gift which the bridegroom offered to the bride at the wedding festival).

bekkjar-kvern, f. weter-7ii/1.

bekkjast (t), v. refl. fo strive to get a thing (b. til e-s); b. til vid e-n, Zo pick a quarrel with one.

bekkju-nautr, m. dench-fellow.

bekk-kledi, n. covering of a bench.

bekkr (gen. -s or -jar, pL -ir), m. bench; cdri b., the upper bench (along the north side of the hall, looking towards the sun) ; ticedri b., the lower (inferior) bench (along the southern side); breida, straé bekki, fo cover,

BEKKR

strew the benches (in preparation for a feast or wedding).

[47]

BERA

bending, f. (1) stgn, tokens gera e-m bending, fo make a sign to one;

bekkr (gen. -s or -jar, pl. -ir), m.| (2) forebouing, betokening (vist eru

beck, brook (poet.).

bekk-skrautudr, m. adorner (orna- nent) of the bench (poet.).

bekri, m. ram; brjdta bekrann, fo break one’s neck (rare).

petta bendingar stérra bardaga). bendr, pp. bended, bent (skjdta af bendum boga).

benja (a3), v. 40 wound mortally (bréddur minn hefr pa benjadan).

belg-fldttr, m. flaying or taking off| benja-lysing, f. a sort of coroner's

the skin of an animal entire (fld hafrana -flztti).

inguest upon a slain man; -va&ttr. m. a sort of coroner's juryman; -veatti, n.

belgja (-5a, -dr), v. to inflate, puff| the verdict of a benjavattr.

out (b. hvdpta, augun).

belgr (gen. -s or -jar, pl. -ir), m. (1) the skin (of a quadruped) taken off whole (cf. kdlfsbelgr, kattbelgr, hafr- belgr, otrbelgr); (2) shin-bag, skin- case (draga belg 4 or yfir héfud e-m) ; (3) etlows (smidju-belgr).

belja (a6), v. 2o de//ow (b. sem naut).

beljan, f. bellowing, lowing.

bella (bell, ball, —), v. to Ait, hurt, with dat. (ball pér nd?); ekki m4 ofeigum b., one not fated to die is proof against all shots.

bella (-da, -t), v. fo dare, venture, with dat.; (hverr mun hafa pessu bellt?); to deal in, display (bella svikum, lygi, gledi).

belli-brag6, n knavish trick.

bellinn, a. ¢ricky, trickish.

bell-visi, f. trickishness.

belta-drattr, m. a close strugple.

belti, n. de/¢ (cf. gjdr6, lindi).

beltis-puss, m. a pouch attached to the belt; -stadr, m. waist.

ben (-jar, -jar), f. (1) mortal wound (ben, ef at bana verdr); (2) small bleeding wound; also of the wound produced by letting blood,

ben, n. et ls Ay f.

benda (-nda, -ndr), v. fo beckon, make a sign with the head or hand (b. e-m til sin, at fylgja sér) 3 with acc., b. e-t fyrir, to forebode, betoken.

benda (-nda, -ndr), v. /o dend (b. sver6 um kné sér); b. boga, fo bend a bow; b. héfudit, to dow the head; refl., bendast 4 um e-t, fo dispute, contest about.

benda, f. dand, tie (cf. héfudbenda).

bendi, n. cord.

bendill, m. small cord, string.

Google

ben-lauss, a. /ree from wounds; -logi, m. poet. ‘ wound-flame’, sword ; -régn, n. ‘wound-drops’; -véndr, m. poet. ‘ wound-wand’, sword. benal, n. pl. dent state of a bow; taka boga af benzlum, fo unbend it. ber (gen. pl. berja), n. derry.

bera (ber; bar, baérum; borinn), v. I. (1) to bear, carry, convey (bar B. biskup { bérum sudr { Hvamm); b. (farm) af skipi, 2o usload a ship; b. (mat) af bordi, ¢o take (the meat) off the table; b. e-t 4 hesti, fo carry on horseback; (2) to wear (b. klx6i, vapn, kérénu); b. cegishjdlm, zo zn- spire fear and awe; (3) to bear, pro- duce, yield (jordin berr gras; tré bera aldin, epli); (4) to dear, give birth to, esp. of sheep and cows; kyr hafdi borit kalf, Aad calved; absol., van at hon mundi bera, ¢hat the cow would calve ; the pp. is used of men; hann haf6i verit blindr borinn, dorn blind ; verda borinn { penna heim, fo be born tnto this world; pann séma, sem ek em til borinn, do7# fo; borinn e-m, fré e-m (rare), dorm of; Nott var N6rvi borin, was the daughter of N.; borinn Sigmundi, son of S.; (5) b. e-n afli, ofrafli, ofrlidi, ofrmagni, ofriki, to dear one down, overitome, oppress, one by odds or superior force ; b. e-n rddum, fo overrule one; b. e-n malum, 2o dear one down (wrong 'ully) in a lawsuit; b. e-n sdk, fo charge one with a fault; b. e-n bjdri, fo make drunk with beer; ver5a brddum borinn, fo be taken by surprise; borinn verkjum, overcome by pains ; bess er borin van, there zs no hope, all hope is gone; borinn baugum,

BERA

bribed; cf. bera fé 4 e-n, fo bribe one ; (6) to lear, be capable of bearing (of a ship, horse, vehicle); peir hlddéu bzedi skipin sem bord b4ru, with as much as they could carry; fig., to sustain, support (sv4 mikill mannfjdldi, at landit fekk eigi borit) ; of persons, Zo bear up against, endure, support (grief, sorrow, &c.) 3 absol., bar hann drengiliga, ke bore tt manfully; similarly, b. (harm) af sér, berast vel (illa, lftt) af; bar hon sk6ruliga af sér, she bore up bravely; hversu berst Auor af um brdédurdaudann, how does she bear it? hon berst af litt, she zs much cast down; b. sik vel upp, Zo bear well up against; (7) b. et a e-n, 4 hendr e-m, /0 charge or fax one with (eigi erum vér pess valdir, er pd berr 4 oss); b. (kvid) 4 e-n, fo

[48}

BERA

at pjéna pér) ; b. vit, skyn, kunndttu 4 e-t, fo have knowledge of, under- standing about; vel viti borinn, e- dowed with a good understanding ; b. hug, drzedi, por, traust til e-s, ¢o have courage, confidence to doa thing ; b. ahyggju fyrir e-u, Zo de concerned about; b. dst, elsku, hatr til e-s, Zo bear affection, love, hatred to; (10) to bear off or away, carry off (some gain); b. sigr af e-m, af e-u, fo carry off the victory from or tn; hann haf6i borit sigr af tveim orustum, 4e had been victorious in two battles; b. heerra (lagra) hlut, to get the best (the worst) of it; b. ef-a (herra) skjdld, fo gain the victory; b. hatt (l4gt) hd‘udit, Zo dear the head high (low), to bein high (low) spirits; b. halann bratt, l4gt, Zo cock up or det

give averdict against, declare guilty| fall the tatl, to be in high or low

({ annat sinn baru peir 4 Flosa kvid- inn); b, af e-m (kvidinn), fo give a verdict for; b. e-t af sér, fo deny having done a thing; b. or b. vitmi, vetti, Zo bear witness, testify; b. or b. um e-t, fo give a verdict in a case; b. e-n sannan at sok, fo prove one guilty by evidence; b. e-n undan sok, to acquit ; b. { sundr fraendsemi peirra, to prove (by evidence) that they are not relations ; b. e-m vel (illa) séguna, to give a favourable (unfavourable) account of one; refi. (pass.), berast, to be proved by evidence (pott pér berist pat faderni, er pi segir); (8) Zo sez Sorth, report, tell; b. e-mkvedju (ord, ordsending), 40 bring one a greeting, compliments (word, message); b. or b. fram erindi sin fyrir e-n, fo state (tell) one’s errand or to plead one’s case before ones b. e-m njosn, to apprise one; b. e-t upp, fo produce, men- tion, tell; b. upp gatu, fo give ( pro- pound) a riddle; b. upp erindi sin, Zo state one’s errand; b. saman rd6 sin, to consult together ; eyddist pad rd6, er peir bdru saman, which they had designed ; (9) to keep, hold, bear, of a title (b. jarlsnafn, konungsnafn) ;_b. (eigi) giptu, gafu, hamingju, audnu til e-s, (vot) to have the good fortune fo do a thing (bar hann enga gefu til

Google

Spirits ; (11) with preps. ; b. af e-m, to surpass; en pd bar Bolli af, szr- passed all the rest; b. af sér hérg, lag, fo ward off, parry a blow or thrust; b. eld at, fo set fire to; b. fjd:ur (bénd) at e-m, to put setters (donds) on one; b vadpn 4 e-n, fo attack one with sharp weapons; b.a or i, to smear, anoint (b. vatn { augu sér, b. tjéru { h6éfud sér); b. e-t til, Zo apply to, try tif it fits (b. til hvern lykil af 66rum at portinu) ; b. e-t um, to wind round; pa bar hann pd festi um sik, made it fast round his body ; b. um med e-m, fo bear with, have patience with; b. ut barn, to eafosea child; (12) refl., berast mikit (litit) a, to bear oneself proudly (humbly) ; lita af b., fo die; ldta fyrir b. e-s stadar, fo stay, remain in a place (for shelter); b.e-t fyri:, 20 design a thing (barst hann bat fyrir at sjd aldregi konur); at njédsna um, hvat hann beerist fyrir, to izguire into what he was about; b. vapn 4, fo attack one another; b. at or til, to happen ; pat barst at ald tee )deinhverju sumri 5 ef sv4 hardliga kann til at b., ¢f that misfortune does happen ; b. { mati, Zo huppen, occur; hefir petta vel { moti borizt, 24 ts a happy coincidence; b. vid, fo be prevented; ok nii lét almat-

BERA

tugr gud vid b. kirkjubrunann, fre- vented, stopped the burning of the church; \1.impers., denoting a sort of passive or involuntary motion ; (1) with acc., 7¢ dears or carries one to a place; alla berr at sama brunni, a// come to the same well (end); bar hann (acc.) pdé ofan gegnt Osuri, e happened to come down just opposite to O.; esp. of ships and sailors ; berr oss (acc.) til Islands eda annarra landa, we drift to Iceland or other countries; pa (acc.) bar sudr f haf, they were carried out southwards ; Skarphedin (acc.) bar nui at peim, .S. came suddenly upon them; ef hann (acc.) skyldi bera par at, ¢f he should happen to come there; e-n berr yfir, one ts borne onwards, of a bird flying, a man riding ; hann (acc.) bar skjott yfir, 7¢ passed quickly (of a flying meteor); (2) followed by preps.; Gunnar sér, at raudan kyrtil bar vid glugginn, that a red kirtle passed before the window ; hvergi bar skugga (acc.) 4, there was nowhere a shadow ; e-t berr fram (hatt), zs prominent;

lafr konungr std6 f lyptingu ok bar hann (facc.) hatt mjék, stood out con- Spicuously ; e-t berr 4 milli, comes between; \eiti (acc.) bar 4 milli, 2 hill hid the prospect; fig., e-m berr e-t 4 milli, they are at variance about a thing; mart (acc.) berr nu fyrir augu mér, many things come now be- Jore my eyes; veidi (acc.) berr { hendr e-m, game falls to one’s lot; e-t berr undan, goes amiss, fails; b. saman, to coincide; bar nofn peirra saman, they had the same name; fig., with dat.; bar 6llum ségum vel saman, all the stories agreed well together ; fund vdrn bar saman, we met; (3) b. at, til, vid, at hendi, til handa, Zo befall, happen, with dat. of the per- son ; svd bar at einn vetr, z¢ happened one winter; po at petta vandredi (acc.) hafi nu borit oss (dat.) at hendi, has befallen us; bar honum své til, z¢ so befell him; pat bar vid (ct so happened). at Hégnikom; raun (acc.) berr 4, ## ts proved by fact; (4) of time, fo fall upon ; ef ping (acc.) berr

ICEL. DICT,

Google

[49]

BERGISAMLIGR

4 hina helgu viku, zf the parliament falls in the holy week; b.{ méti, to coincide, happen exactly at the same time; (§) denoting cause; e-t berr til, causes a thing; konungr spuréi, hvat til beri ugledi hans, what was the cause of his grief; xtludu pat pd allir, at bat mundi til b., shat that was the reason; berr e-m naudsyn til e-s, one ts obliged to do a thing ; (6) e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person's fot; hon 4 arf at taka, pegar er undir hana berr, im her turn; e-t berr frd, ts surpassing ; ex Sagt, at pat (acc.) beri fra, hvé vel beir meltu, z# was extraordinary how well they spoke ; (7) e-t berr brddum, happens of a sudden ; e-t berr stéru, stérum (stcer- rum), 22 amounts to much (more), it matters a great deal (more), it is of great (greater) importance; (8) absol. or with an adv., vel, illa, with infin. ; e-m berr (vel, illa) at gera e-t, z¢ be- comes, beseems one (well, tll) to doa thing (berr yOr vel, herra, at sj4 sannindi 4 pbessu mali); used absol., berr vel, illa, 2¢ 2s beseeming, proper, fit, or unbeseeming, improper, unfit (pat pykkir eigi illa b., at).

bera (ad), v. to make bare (hon beradi Ifkam sinn).

bera, f. she-bear,=birna.

ber-bakt, adv. dave-backed, without saddle (ri6a -bakt); -beinn, a. dzre- legged; -brynjaSr, a. wearing a coat of mail with no garment over it; -dreymr, a. having clear dreams as to the future.

ber-tjall, n. dear-skin (cf. ‘bera’).

ber-foettr, a. i eh bare- legged; berfoettr brodir, dare-footed Jriar, minorite.

berg, n. (1) rock, boulder; (2) cliff, precipice (framan f{ bergi).

berg-bui, m. rock-aweller, giant; -danir m. pl.=-buar; -hamarr, m. rocky precipice ; -hli®, f. the side of a berg, mountiin slope; -hégg n. a guarrying tool.

bergi-biti, m. @ zt to taste, smalt bit; -ligr, a. inviting fo taste.

berging, f. fasting, taste.

bergisamligr, a. =bergiligr.

BERGJA

bergja (-Sa, -dr), v. fo ¢aste, with dat.; Pdérgunna vildi sngum mat b., 1h. would taste no food; b. dlvi, to taste (drink) ale; b. dauda, to taste death; also b. 4 e-u (enn héfum vid eigi 4 dauda bergt).

bergning, f.=berging (rare).

berg-nés, f.=bergsnés; -rifa, fissure in arock,= High ne ; -risi, m. hill-giant; -skor, f. rift in a rocky Aill, = bjargskora ; -snos, f. a rocky pro,ection; -tollr, m. rock-toll, paid for catching fowl thereon; -vérdr, m. a watch or lookout for rocks and cliffs (halda bergvird).

ber-hofSi, a. indecl. dare-headed ; -hégg, n. in the phrase, ganga { (or 4) -hégg vid e-n, fo enter into open fight with; Joan gekk 4 berhégg at banna allar per uhoefur, ¢nterdicted these abuses boldly and openly.

berill, m. vessel, barrel for fluids {mjédrinn var borinn { berlum).

berindis, adv. ofent/y (rare).

bere (ber; bardéa, bérdum ; barodr, bari6r), v. (1) fo deat, strike, smite (b. e-n); hdr sv4 fagrt sem barit gull, as deaten gold; b. korn af hdlmi, to thresh; b. hid af e-m, fo scourge severely; b. e-n grjdti, fo stone (=gryta); b. e-n illyréum, davftum, Zo abuse, reproach one; b. & e-m, fo attack one with blows, give one a thrashing ; b. 4 hurd, dyrr, at hurdu, at dyrum, ¢o knock, rap at a door; b. sér 4 brjdst, fo smite one’s breast (in repentance) ; b. til e-s=b. 4 e-m; b. e-n til e-s, fo drive one with blows to do a thing (veréa bardr til boekr) ; (2) with dat., b. grjdéti f andlit e-m, Zo throw stones in one’s face; b. saman vapnum, skjéldum, 40 dash weapons, shields against each other; »b. (to neglect, slight) gués bodum; b. e-u nidr (opp. to ljdsta e-u upp), fo hush up; (3) intrans., hjarta hans bar6i (deat, throbbed) undir sidunni; (4) impers., skyjagrjéti bardi { augu peim, Aazlstones dashed in their eyes ; peim bardi saman, s¢hey dashed against each other; (5) refl., berjast, to fight (vid e-n, with or against a person: vid vedr, against bad weather ;

Google

[50]

BESTI

vid e-m, for a person); b. 4 e-t, fo assail, attack (b. 4 borgina, 4 guds ly5); pdott hann berdist lengi mét (offered resistance). ;

berja-vin, n. derry-wine.

berkja (-ta, -t), v. fo boast, brag.

ber-kyrtladr, a. wearing the kirtle only, without cloak or mantle; -leggjaér, -leggr, a. dbare-legged; eliga, adv. (1) openly, barely; (2) quite, altogether (berliga tviljandi) ; -ligr, a. open, manifest, clear.

berlings-assa, m. fole (-dss digr prettan alna langr).

ber-mAalugr, a. outspoken; -melgi, f., -mali, n. pl. outspokenness, frank- ness; -meltr, a.=-mdalugr.

bernska, f. chi/dhood (hann var pa { bernsku).

bernsk-liga, adv. childishly; -ligr, a. childish; bernskr, a. childish, childlike.

bernsku-aldr, m. years, days, of childhood ; -bragS, n. childish trick ; eligr, a. delonging to childhood, childish; -maSr, m. childish person, youth; -r&8,n. childish design.

berr, a. (1) dare, naked (\_k bert ok blédugt) ; undir berum himni, 7” che open air; hvila 4 berri jér6u, on the bare ground; (2) open, clear, mani- fest; segja e-t berum ordum, ¢# plain words; verda berr at e-u, fo be con- victed of a thing; gora e-t bert, zo make known; gora sik beran f e-u, to reveal, show one’s mind in a thing; voru berastir { bvf prandir, the Lh. were most undisguised in it.

ber-serkr (-s, -ir), m. ‘ dear-sark’, berserker, a wild warrior of the heathen age.

berserks-gangr, m. fury of the berserkers.

bersi, m., see ‘ bessi’.

ber-skjaldadr, a. without a shield ; -syndugr, a. cuilty of open sin (ber- syndugr madédr); -sdégli, f. out- spokenness, freedom of speech.

bert, adv. openly, clearly (mezla b.).

ber-yr6i, n, pl.=bermzli, berségli.

bessi (for ‘bersi’, cf. ‘bera’, f.), m. he-bear, Bruin.

besti, n. = bast.

BETR betr, adv. compar., (1) detters b.

[51]

BIL bidja (bid ; bad, bAdum ; bedinn),

poetti mér, J would rather; vanu b., | v. (1) ¢o ask, beg a thing of one (b.

better than expected; hafa b., fo get the better of it; (2) more; leggit fram b. hit mikla skipit, drag further forward; prji hundrud ok prir tigir ok sex b., ¢o doot; ef hann orkar (or ma) b., tf 4e can do more; ekki mattu sumir menn b. en f4 stadizt, they were just able to keepup against him; sv4 hdr, at engi annarra ték b. en { 6x] honum, reached higher than to his shoulder.

betra (ad), v. ¢o better, improve (b. lif sitt); refl. to become better; im- pers., beir ségdu, at konungi betradist mjok, that the king felt much better.

betran, f. bettering, improvement.

betranligr, a. smprovable.

betr-fedrungr, m. a man better than his father, ={ebdr-betrungr.

betri, a. compar., beztr, superl. better, best; peim potti betra at, they thought tt better to; beztr béndi, an excellent farmer; er mér hefir beztr verit, best (kindest) towards me; with gen., medan bezt er sumars, during the best part of the summer.

beygja (-Sa, -Sr), v. 40 bend, bow (b. hdlsinn fyrir e-m); b. e-m krék, to make it awkward for one.

beyglast (ad). v. refl. 4o become bent (spjotit beygladist).

beysta (-sta, -str), v. fo deat; b. korn, fo thresh; b. bakfollum, ¢o pull hard at the oars.

beysti, n. ham, gammon of bacon.

beytill, m. /fescue-grass (?), cf. ‘ gdibeytill’.

bezt (oller ‘bazt’), adv., superl. to ‘vel’, dest; b. buinn, dest equipped ; b. allra manna, dest of all men.

beztr (older ‘ baztr’), a. superl., see *betri’.

biblia, f. the Bible; also ‘biflia’.

bid, n. pl. waiting, delay; gdodr { bidum, patient.

bida (a3), v. fo wait; b. e-s, to wait for (peir bidudu beirra).

bida, f. awarting (rare).

bidan, f. delay, biding.

bid-angr, m. =bidan, bidvangr.

bidill (pl bidlar), m. wover, suitor.

Google

e-n e-s) ; with infin., to deg one to do a thing; inn bid pi hann ganga, ask him to step in; with the infin. sign ‘at’, fo beg leave; bidr hann at fara norér 4 Hdlogaland, asked for fur- lough to go to H.; with ‘at’ anda subj. (bidja viljum vér, at pu sér f{ lidsboninni me6d oss) ; b. e-s, Zo beg Jor a thing (b. miskunnar, matar) ; b. e-m e-s, fo beg for a thing on behalf of one; b. e-m Iffs, griéa, to beg for ones life, to sue for quarter por another; b. sér Slmusu, fo ask for alms; b. (sér) konu, fo ask in mar- riage; b. fyrir e-m, fo intercede (pray) for one; (2) to pray to God (b. til guds); b. been sina (boenar sinnar, boen sinni', fo say one’s prayers; (3) refl., bidjast fyrir, fo say one’s prayers; b. undan, ¢o excuse oneself (from doing a thing). bid-leika (a3), v. fo watt, stay, tarry (=‘ bida’).

bid-lund, f. forbearance, patience. bidlundar-godr, a. patient; -mAl, n. a matter that can wait.

bid-lyndi, n., -st6ll, m. (rare),= bid-lund.

bid-stund, f. time passed in wait- ing; delay, respite. biéstundar-timi, m.=bidstund.

bid-vangr, m.=bidangr.

bifast (8 and ad), v. refi. (1) fo Shake, tremble (allr Asa salr undir bifSist); (2) fo de moved; vagninn bifast hvergi, cannot be moved.

bif-rést, f. poet., mythical name of the rainbow.

bik, n. fitch (svartr sem b.; biki svartari) ; bika (ad), v. fo p ¢ch. bikarr, m. large drinking cup, beaker (cf. ‘ sdttar-bikarr ’).

bikkja, f. d2¢ch (=grey, tik).

bikkja (-ta, -tr), v. fo plunge into water; hann bikkti sér ut af bordinu, hann bikkti f sjoinn, 4e plunged over- board,

bikkju-hvelpr, mn. ditch's whelp; -sonr m. Son of a bitch; -stakkr, m. shin of a bitch.

bil, n. (1) an open space left (b. er

BILA

parna); (2) moment; pat bil, that very moment; i pvi bili, at the same moment, just then.

bila (a6), v. (1) to give way, break, crack; ba er skipit filjép af stokku- num, pd biladéi { skarar nokkurar, some of the seams gave way; (2) with dat., flestum bilar drzdit, most people lose heart; with infin. pdrr vill fyrir engan mun b. at koma til einvigis, Th. will by no means fail to meet; (3) impers., hug ok draedi mun mik aldregi b., / shall never be wanting in courage and pluck.

bil-bugr, m. failing of heart, giving way; ldta engan -buy 4 sér sj, fo show no sign of fear, stand firm.

bilt, a. n., only in the phrase, e-m verOr b., ome is startled, alarmed; por (dat.) vard b. einu sinni (/or once Thor's heart failed him) at sl4 hann med hamrinum.

bimbult a. n., in the phrase, e-m er b., one feels uneasy (kerling fzer ekki sofnat um nottina, sva var henni bimbult).

binda (bind; batt, bundum; bundinn), v. (1). /o bind, tie,- fasten, tie up; b. hest, hund, fo te up a horse, a dog; b. skd, pvengi, fo tie shoes, thongs; b, stein vid hals e-m, fo: fasten a stone to one’s neck; b. fyrir augu e-m, ¢o blindfold one; (2) to bind in parcels, to pack up (b. varning til skips); b. hey 4 hest, Zo - truss hay ona horse's back; b. korn, to tie up sheaves of corn; b. klyf, to tie up a pack; (3) b. e-t um e-t, fo bind round; hann batt silkiremu um fot sér, he bound a strip of silk rouxd his leg; b. um e-t, fo put a bandage on; batt Yngvildr um fot honum, bound up his (wounded) leg; b. um sar, fo bind up a wound ; fig., hefir margr hlotit um sdrt at b. fyrir mér, many aman has had wounds to tie up by my means (i.e. inflicted by me); pykkir mér bezt um heilt at b., so bind a sound limb, to keep safe and sound; ». sdr=b. um sar; b. hond e-s, fo bind his hand; (4) to make, form, contract, enter into (b. samfélag, vindttu, tengdir, hjiskap); b. saett

Google

[52]

BIRTA

ok frid, fo make a reconciliation and peace; b. r46, fo resolve; absol. with innn., fo fix, engage (bundu peir porir at hittast 4 dkvednum stad) ; (5) refl., to bind or engage oneself; em ek po eigi bess buinn, nema fleiri bindist, unless more persons bind themselves,